Leadership:

Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.

Traits of effective leaders:

1. Desire to lead2. Self Confidence3. Knowledge of business4. Creativity and Originality5. Positive Affectivity (Warmth)6. Flexibility and Adaptive ness7. Charisma8. Cognitive Ability9. Honesty and Integrity10. Personal Drive.

Leadership Skill:

A. Technical Skill:

Technical skill refers to a person’s knowledge of and ability in any type of process or technique.

B. Human Skill:

Human skill is the ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork.

C. Conceptual Skill:

Conceptual skill is the ability to think in terms of models, framework and brand relationship.

Different Approaches to Leadership Style:

1. Behavioral Approach2. Contingency Approach3. Emerging Approach.

Behavioral Approaches are descriptive offering a variety of ways in which the action of leader often differ.

Contingency Approaches are more analytical, encouraging managers to examine their situation and select a style which best fit it.

Emerging Approach describes, substitutes and enhances for leadership, Self-leadership, Super leadership, Coaching, visionary leadership and transformational leadership.

Behavioral Approaches to Leadership Style:1

1. Positive Leaders2. Negative Leaders3. Autocratic Leaders4. Consultative Leaders5. Participative Leaders6. Considerate Leaders7. Task Oriented Leaders.

Positive Leaders:

Positive leaders focus on reward and other factors that satisfy employees.

Negative Leaders:

Negative Leaders focus on penalties and other negative factors that dissatisfy employees.

Autocratic Leaders:

Autocratic leaders centralize power, Authority, responsibility and decision-making in themselves and exercise threats and punishment to employees.

Consultative Leaders:

Consultative leaders want advice from the employees.

Participative Leaders:

Participative Leaders decentralize power, Authority, responsibility among the employees.

Considerate Leaders:

Considerate Leaders concern about human need of their employee, and try to build team work, provide psychological support and help employee with their problem.

Task- Oriented Leaders:

Task oriented leaders believe that they get result by keeping people constantly busy, ignoring personal issues and emotions and using them to product.

Contingency Approach to Leadership Style:

Fiedler’s Contingency Model:Leadership style depends on different situation. Such as: Favorable, Unfavorable for intermediate stage of favorability.

Different Variables:

1. Leader Member Relations: Leader should be accepted by the group. 2. Task Structure: Specific way is required to do a job.3. Leader Position Power: The organization power occupied by the leader.

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model:

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Leadership style is depends on development level of the sub- ordinate. Development ulevel is the task specific combination of an employee’s task competence and motivation to perform. Manager assesses development level by examining an employee’s level of job knowledge, skill, an ability as well as willingness to take responsibility and capacity to act independently. Leader uses four major style.

1. Telling (Directing)2. Selling (Coaching)3. Participating (Supporting)4. Delegating (passing Responsibility)

Employee’s development Level Leaders Recommended Style

1.Low Ability, Low Willingness 1.Telling

2.Low ability, High Willingness 2. Selling

3.High Ability, Low Willingness 3. Participating

4.High Ability High Willingness 4.Delegating

Path-Goal Model of Leadership:

Path- Goal leadership state that the leaders job is to use structure, support and reward to create a work environment that help employees reach the organization’s goal.

Goal Setting:

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Path- Goal Leadership Process

Leader Identifies Employees Need

Effective performance occur

Leader provide assistance on employee path-toward goal

Employees become satisfied motivated, and they accept the leader

Both Employees and organizations are better able to reach their goal

Appropriate goals are established

Leader Connect Reward with Goal

Group members needed to feel that they have a worthwhile goal that can be reached with the resources and leadership available.

Path Improvement:

Task Support: Leader assembles resources, budget and power to get the job done.

Psychological Support: Leader stimulate employee to get the job done.

Leadership style:

Directive Leadership: Leader focus on task assignment standard and time.

Supportive Leadership: Leader Concern for the need of the employee.

Achievement –Oriented Leadership: Leaders set challenging goal for employee

Participative leadership: leaders want suggestion from the employee.

Contingency Factors

1.Locus of control2.willingness to accept the influence of others3.Self perceived task ability

Emerging Approach to Leadership Style:

Charismatic Leadership: Charismatic leader have a vision, take risk to achieve vision and have extraordinary ability.

Transactional Leadership: Leader who guide or motivate their sub- ordinate in the direction of established goal by clarifying role and task requirement.

Transformational Leadership: Leader pay attention to need of the employee and give intellectual stimulation to the employee.

Visionary Leadership: Leader who have the ability to create realistic, credible and attractive vision of the future for the organization.

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