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Leadership:Activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives.Features:1. Followers2. Working relationship (Active participant)3. Achievement of common goal4. Willingness5. Exercised in given situation 6. Social interaction- influence process7. Power relationship8. Continuous, dynamic & psychological process

Prepared by - Rajveer Bhaskar

Prepared by - Rajveer Bhaskar

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Leader Vs Boss:

1. Inspire /drive

2. Accomplishes work & develop employee / expense

of employee

3. Positive /negative approach (our /my)

4. Coaches vs instill fear

5. We / I

6. Blame on himself/ others

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Importance of leadership:

1. Guiding people (World Cup 1983)

2. Developing team work (Gary Kristen)

3. Maintain discipline ( Lal Bahadur Shastri)

4. Building morale (Battle of longewala)

5. Representing the group (Sam Manekshaw)

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Leadership style:

Autocratic or authoritarian

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Leadership style:

Democratic or participative

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Leadership style:

Free-rein or Laissez-faire

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Leadership style:

Comparison

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Leadership Theories:

1. Trait theory

2. Physical quality – Sh Pne E F

A. Intellectual quality – Hi Sj At Sa Su

B. Moral quality – I Fp Mc Wp O

C. Social quality – Ai T Sc Ini Hra

(Leaders are born not made)

(Gandhi, GW, Hitler, Hun)

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Leadership Theories:

2. Behavioral theory

A. Michigan studies (Employee & Production)

B. The Ohio state university studies (Consideration &

Initiating) (LOQ, LBDQ)

3. Managerial Grid

Country Club 1,9 Middle Road

5,5

Team 9,9

Impoverished 1,1,

Task 9,1

Concern for people

Concern for production

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4. Situational models:

1.Fiedler’s contingency modelGood Poor

High Low High Low

S W S W S W S W

Leader member relation

Task structure

Leader position power

Most favourable Most unfavourable

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4. Situational models:

2.Path goal theory

A. Instrumental/directive

B. Supportive

C. Participative

D. Achievement oriented

a. Characterless of subordinates

b. Work environment

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4. Situational models:

3.Life cycle theoryHR, LT (S3 - Participating)Able, unwilling

HT, HR (S2 – Selling)Unable, willing

LR, LT (S4 - Delegating)Able, willing

HT, LR (S1- Telling)Unable, unwilling

Relation behaviour

Task behaviour

ImmatureMature

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Motivation:

Motive: anything that initiate or sustain activity, inner

state of energy

Motivation: process of steering a person inner drives

and action towards certain goals and committing his

energies to achieve these goals

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Nature of Motivation:

1. Personal & internal feeling

2. Goal directed behavior

3. Continuous process

4. Complex

5. System oriented a. individual b. organization c.

external

6. Can not be partly motivated

7. Positive/negative

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Importance of Motivation:

1. Higher efficiency

2. Optimum utilization of resources

3. Reduction in labor turnover

4. Better industrial relations

5. Easier selection

6. Facilitates changes

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Theories of Motivation:

1. Maslow's need hierarchy theory

(Social needs)

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172. Herzberg motivation hygiene theory

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3. McGregor theory X & theory Y

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4. Ouchi’s Theory Z1. Trust2. Strong bond3. Employee involvement4. Integrated organization5. Coordination6. Informal control system

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5. Adam’s equity theory

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6. Vroom’s theory