Leader in and Atomic Force Microscopy - nms.com.sa · atomic force and scanning probe microscopy...

The Technology

Leader in

Scanning Probe

and Atomic Force

Microscopy

Asylum Research – Innovation and Support to Help You Be a Leader in Your Research Field

Asylum Research is the technology leader in

atomic force and scanning probe microscopy

(AFM/SPM) for both materials and bioscience

applications. Founded in 1999, we are an

employee-owned company dedicated to

innovative instrumentation for nanoscale imaging and measurement.

Asylum Research has an extensive worldwide installed base of leading

researchers in academia, government, and commercial labs.

With over 250 years combined AFM/SPM experience from our scientists,

engineers and software developers, our award-winning products

and legendary product and applications support enable our users

to lead the way in nanoscience and nanotechnology research.

Since our founding, Asylum Research has been the leader in

performance, innovation, quality, and service – a position we maintain

through aggressive investment in research and development.

The Asylum Research Team

10 YEARS

TE

CH

N

OLO G Y L E ADERSHIP

AFMs for Novices and Power Users – No LimitsWith easy setup and application-ready parameter sets, novices get up and running quickly – and at the same time, our AFMs offer superior capability, flexibility, and an open software environment to enable the most advanced users to push the state of the art. Our customers apply our AFMs to a wide variety of nanoscience applications:

• Physics and Chemistry

• Biomaterials/Biophysics

• Molecular and Cell Biology

• Polymers including Localized Thermal Analysis

• Food Science

• Magnetics and Data Storage

• Photovoltaics/Solar/Energy Research

• Electrical Characterization

• Piezoelectrics and Ferroelectrics

• Single-Molecule Force Measurements

• Nanoindenting

• General Materials and Surface Characterization Applications Semiconductors, optics, thin films/coatings, ceramics, colloids, cosmetics, geological and environmental samples, and many more.

Asylum’s product line offers advanced imaging and measurement capabilities to reveal the characteristics and intricacies of your samples, including Dual AC™ mode for enhanced image and property contrast, iDrive™ for easy imaging in fluids, Q-control, electrical characterization (CAFM, SKFM, EFM), high voltage piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) including our unique Variable Field Module, quantitative nanoindenting, nanomanipulation, and a wide range of environmental accessories and application-ready modules.

The MFP-3D�™ AFM Family Power, Performance and VersatilityAsylum’s MFP-3D family sets the standard for AFM technology with unprecedented precision and flexibility. The MFP-3D is the first AFM with true independent piezo positioning in all three axes, combined with our patented low noise closed-loop sensor technology. The ground-breaking all-digital ARC2™ controller ensures the lowest noise, fastest operation and greatest system flexibility. Designed for versatility and expandability, the MFP-3D family offers an extensive suite of system, environmental, and application options to enable our users to broaden and enhance the capabilities of our AFMs.

MFP-3D� Stand Alone™ AFM provides the widest range of AFM/SPM capabilities available today. It is ideal for general materials science applications ranging from polymers to photovoltaics and from physics to chemistry. Both top and bottom optical sample viewing are available for easy analysis of both opaque and transparent samples. Its closed-loop positioning system provides exceptional resolution, accuracy and reproducibility, and its low-coherence light source virtually eliminates interference artifacts. As for all our systems, nanolithography capability is included standard.

MFP-3D�-BIO™ AFM is the only full-capability AFM on an inverted optical platform.It is optimized for life science applications with uncompromised AFM capability and advanced integration with optical imaging techniques, such as epi-fluorescence, phase contrast, TIRF, FLIM, and Raman spectroscopy. The MFP-3D-CF™ is specifically optimized for confocal platforms. The MFP-3D-BIO provides the lowest noise, most sensitive, and most accurate measurements for force curves and cell mechanics. Its large Z range (up to 40µm) enables force curves on soft materials, imaging of cells, and other challenging applications.

MFP NanoIndenter is a true instrumented nanoindenter and is the first AFM-based system that does not use cantilevers as part of the indenting mechanism. Its vertical indenter mechanics and state-of-the-art AFM sensors provide substantial advantages in accuracy, precision, and sensitivity relative to other AFM-based and traditional nanoindenting systems.

The Cypher™ AFM The World’s Highest Resolution AFMAsylum’s Cypher AFM is the industry’s first new small sample AFM in over a decade, setting new standards for resolution, stability, control, and modularity. Cypher achieves closed-loop atomic resolution using patented sensor technology for all three axes, combining the accuracy and control of closed loop with the resolution of open loop for the most accurate images and measurements possible today.

Cypher also sets the new standard for ease of use with its ground-breaking, fully automated SpotOn™ laser and photodetector alignment system. Additional capabilities include interchangeable light source modules that allow laser spot sizes down to 3µm for broad application and scan mode flexibility, and support for high-speed AC imaging and sub-pico Newton force measurements with small cantilevers. The system includes an integrated enclosure which provides acoustic and vibration isolation, as well as thermal control for excellent image and measurement stability.

What Users Are Saying About Asylum ResearchOn MFP-3D:

Jeremy Levy, Univ. of Pittsburgh “ I am very happy with my choice of AFM. Asylum support is amazing. You can talk directly to the scientists and engineers – there is no barrier. D�efinitely if I were going to buy another AFM it would be an Asylum.”

Sergei Kalinin, Oak Ridge Nat’l Lab “ Asylum’s MFP-3D� is a powerful and highly flexible system that makes your daring experimental ideas come true.”

On Cypher:

Bryan Huey, Univ. of Connecticut “ Our new Cypher system is exceptional in terms of performance, automation, imaging speed and ease of use. I’m already recommending Cypher to my AFM colleagues.”

Andras Kis, EPFL (Switzerland) “ Cypher is by far the best, most stable and most configurable AFM I have ever used.”

On Asylum Service and Support:

Scott MacLaren, Univ. of Illinois (UIUC) “ Many companies say they provide great service and support, but fail to do so. Asylum Research, on the other hand, proves every day how much they care about their customers by providing the best service and support in the industry. Truly exceptional.”

Sonia Contera, Oxford University “ We use Asylum Research AFMs

for their great resolution and precision and for the pleasure of dealing with such knowledgeable and helpful customer support.”

Bryant Chase, Florida State University “ Your tech support staff has been

great in helping us get the best possible data. They are definitely willing to go the extra mile.”

Esra Roan, University of Memphis “ I think what makes Asylum such a good company is the service that you provide. I have never had this kind of luck with [competitor] and I am very pleased we have now chosen to go with Asylum.”

Ask us for references for your specific application.

Cypher is the first new small sample AFM in over a decade and provides the highest resolution and most accurate images and measurements possible today.

Superior Products and Support – We Guarantee Your SuccessAsylum Research is dedicated to making our users successful by providing the highest quality products. In addition, Asylum is recognized worldwide for the AFM industry’s highest level of product and applications support. That’s why we can offer the best customer protection plan in the industry.

Every Asylum Research AFM/SPM comes with our exclusive 2-year warranty and 6-month money-back guarantee. If for any reason you decide to return your MFP-3D or Cypher system, we’ll give you your money back, no questions asked. We also include a two-year bumper-to-bumper warranty on every AFM we build. In the unlikely event that anything goes wrong, we’ll fix it at no charge and get you up and running quickly.

With our scientists and applications staff around the world, support is just a phone call away – no charge for the call, no charge for the answer. In addition to our Support, Applications, and Quality Assurance Groups, our entire technical staff actively contributes to our efforts to make you successful. We also offer our unique OnSight Remote Support that lets us view, control and diagnose your AFM over the internet. And, with over 1300 active members, our On-line User Forum has up to the minute questions, answers, discussion and updates. Plus we provide regularly scheduled training courses to help you hone your skills.

Above: Asylum scientists Jean Jarvaise, Anil Gannepalli, and Sophia Hohlbauch confer on a customer support call.

Right: Product manager Mario Viani and co-founders Roger Proksch and Jason Cleveland brainstorm AFM design.

Applications scientist Jason Li (right) discusses the physics of phase imaging during customer training at our Santa Barbara headquarters.

The Asylum Research Team protects your investment by continually developing new and innovative products and providing an upgrade path to our latest technology. Our close relationships and collaboration with our customers fuel continuing product improvement. To make sure you are never left behind, all software updates and enhancements are distributed free of charge.

Seek Asylum for Your Next AFM!Six-month money-back guarantee, two-year bumper-to-bumper parts and labor warranty, upgradability, free software updates, customer training courses, our on-line User Forum, and free phone, email, and OnSight support from the best and most experienced applications scientists and engineers in the industry. All this plus the highest quality, most productive and reliable products add up to the lowest cost of ownership of any AFM. We protect your investment like no one else.

Experience Asylum’s superior performance, innovation, quality, and service.

Let us help you be a leader in your research field.

The Lowest Cost of Ownership of any AFM

• Superior productivity through system reliability, ease of use and exceptional data quality

• Exclusive six-month money-back satisfaction guarantee insures your investment

• Industry-best two-year bumper-to-bumper warranty

• Hardware modularity and upgradability

• Full software capabilities for every scanning technique – unlike competitive systems, there are no additional software modules to buy

• Free software updates and support so you get the latest developments

• Free Asylum software for off-line data analysis (requires Igor Pro)

• Free OnSight Remote Support so we can view, control and diagnose your AFM over the Internet

• Free On-Line User Forum for up-to-the minute tips and solutions

• Regularly scheduled training courses to help you hone your skills

• The finest applications and technical support anywhere with the fastest response and solution turnaround

< 8 working hrs average response time

< 24 hrs average solution/ diagnosis time

< 48 hrs average in-factory repair/replace time with no admin fees

Asylum Research Santa Barbara Headquarters

Offices WorldwideAsylum Research has offices worldwide to help you select the right AFM system for your research. For the representative in your region, see below or visit us at www.AsylumResearch.com or email to [email protected]

North America and Worldwide Sales� Asylum Research Worldwide Sales Santa Barbara, California 1-888-472-2795 or 1-805-696-6466 [email protected] Northeas�t Region Bethesda, Maryland 1-202-271-8466 [email protected] Southeas�t Region Raleigh, North Carolina 1-919-861-7420 [email protected] Europe Atomic Force F&E GmbH Mannheim, Germany +49-621-762117-0 [email protected] and Ireland Asylum Research UK Ltd. Oxford, UK +44 (0)1865 812075 [email protected]�ia Pacific and Taiwan Asylum Research Technology Ltd. Taiwan +886-9-8839-2267 [email protected] Asylum Technology Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan +81-3-5812-9801 [email protected] Grapes Hangzhou Technology Co., LTD� Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China +86 0135 7573 6133 [email protected] NanoWin Co. Ltd Seoul, Korea +82-2-2040-7713 [email protected] and Southeas�t As�ia Crest Technology Pte Ltd. +65-65464811 [email protected]�tralia and New Zealand The Innovation Group Pty Ltd. Sydenham, Australia +61 413317749 [email protected] Anarghya Innovations and Technology Pvt. Ltd.Bangalore, India +91-80-2337 6488 [email protected] Eas�t BD�H Middle East LLC Rashidiya, D�ubai, U.A.E. +971-4-285 22 11 [email protected]�rael Ammo Engineering Ltd. Petah Tikva, Israel +972-3-9239666 [email protected]

Cover image: Closed loop AC mode image of (010) cleavage plane of a gypsum crystal after brief exposure to water. Steps are 0.75nm high.

Aggregate of colloidosomes formed from the flash-curing of methacrylate emulsion droplets that are stabilized with 400nm PMMA latex spheres, 50μm scan.

Technical Innovations

Sensored, closed loop positioning for high resolution imaging, accuracy, and reproducibility.

Pioneering all-digital controller for open software adaptability, power and flexibility.

Built-in advanced features such as real-time 3D rendering, nanolithography/nanomanipulation, and Dual AC™ Mode for dual-resonance and harmonic imaging.

Designed for flexibility and expandability, with a wide range of available system, environmental and application options to enhance capabilities, including nanoindentation and Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). Please refer to the MFP-3D Options data sheet for details.

Iomega Zip 1GB drive write head. The MFM phase signal was overlaid on top of the topography, 20μm scan.

Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 bacteria showing conductive bacterial nanowires, 5μm scan. Sample courtesy M. El-Naggar, USC and Y. Gorby, J. Craig Venter Institute.

Nanoindentation on silicon, 1μm scan.

Materials Science Devices Life Science Advanced Applications

Base

XY Scanner

Head

TM

Asylum Research was founded by scientists with the simple goal of creating the world’s best research instrumentation for other scientists. We offer the most technically advanced Atomic Force Microscopes for applications such as materials science, life science, polymers, nanolithography, electrical/ magnetic measurements, and nanoindenting. Asylum Research sets the bar for AFM performance.

Personalized, Exceptional SupportOnce you begin your research, our staff scientists are here to help you get the most out of your MFP-3D AFM. We extend this per-sonalized support by being virtually in your lab with “OnSight” – a remote support system that lets us view, diagnose and control your system over the Internet. Our easy, secure, web-based system enables shared screen, mouse and keyboard control of your AFM, making it ideal for training and troubleshooting.

Take the Asylum ChallengeWe invite you to look at our AFM back to back with any otherin the world. If for any reason you are not satisfied within the first six months of ownership, we will refund your money.

Roger ProkschJason ClevelandCo-founders

Designed by Scientists Who Understand the Demands of Your Research.Designed by Scientists Who Understand the Demands of Your Research.

MFP-3D Head Low noise, eliminates interference

Sensored optical lever with diffraction limited optics and a low coherence light source virtually eliminates interference artifacts. The NPSTM sensored Z axis provides precise measurements of the cantilever position for accurate force and topography measurements.

MFP-3D XY Scanner Precision and accuracy unlike any tube scanner

The MFP-3D uses a flexured scanner and patented NPS sensors which measure the exact position of each axis (X-Y). They correct for hysteresis and creep, providing flat scans and the ability to accurately zoom and offset with one mouse click.

Mechanical Unfolding of Protein

NPS Allows Precise Zooms

NPS Sensor

Piezo

XY Flexure Hinge

Recollimation Lens

Cold Mirror

To Cameras

Optical Path

Piezo

Z Flexure Stage

Flexure Hinge

Cantilever

Light Path

PositionSensitiveDetector

Piezo

117 146 175 203 232 262 292Lc=87nm

50 pN |

0 50 100 150 200Extension (nm)

Nanopositioning System (NPS) Sensor

Sample

MFP-3D Base Three configurations for illuminating and viewing your sample

• Top view for opaque samples• Bottom view for transparent samples• Dual view for both viewing options

All-Digital Controller and Software Flexibility All-digital configuration allows virtually the entire system operation to be controlled through the MFP software interface (IGOR Pro) for easy addition of new microscope capabilities.

All-Digital Controller • 100% digital for low noise, fast operation, and flexibility• Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and

Digital Signal Processor (DSP)• Fast analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversions

ARgyle Channel Overlay,Second Mode (Dual AC) Amplitude Image of ZnO, 1µm Scan.

• ModeMasterTM - A library of standard and user-defined operation modes such as AC, Contact, Phase, EFM, LFM, PFM, Force Mode, Nanolithography

• SavantTM - Turns complex tasks into a single mouse click and automates sequential measurements.• SmartStartTM - Auto configures any peripheral that interfaces with the

controller for plug and play operation• 25+ megapixel resolution

• MicroAngeloTM - Nanolithography and manipulation• ARgyleTM - 3D rendering both on and offline• Channel Overlay – Overlay data such as EFM or phase channel on topography

• IGOR Command and macro language at your disposal• Edit and create your own Savant routines• Software control of signal routing through

crosspoint switch

What Kind of User Are You?

New

Experienced

Power

Built-in Features

Fiber Port for Kohler Illumination

To Cameras

Bottom View Objective

ARgyle, Dual AC, MFP-3D, MicroAngelo, ModeMaster, NPS, ORCA, Savant, and SmartStart are trademarks of Asylum Research. Other trademarks are those of their respective owners.

Represented by:

Operating ModesContact Mode: Imaging using feedback on deflection. Height, deflection, and lateral force signals available.AC and Dual AC™: Q-controlled imaging using feedback on amplitude. Signals include height, amplitude/phase, I/Q, deflection; both air and fluid.Force Mode: Force curve acquisition in contact or AC mode. All signals available.Lateral Force: Frictional force imaging.MicroAngelo: Built-in nanolithography/ nanomanipulation.EFM, Surface Potential, Conductive AFM (CAFM) with ORCA™ (optional); Magnetic Force Mi-croscopy (MFM), Variable Field MFM (optional); Piezoresponse Force Microscopy, Vector PFM, Switching Spectroscopy PFM (high voltage optional); Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM); NanoIndentation (optional); Dual Frequency Resonance Tracking (DFRT); Thermal Analysis (optional)

Data AcquisitionData size is limited only by the memory on the PC (i.e., 10 million point force curves and >5k x 5k point images are possible). It is possible to capture data at 5MHz for up to two million points continuously.

Scan AxesX&Y: 90µm travel in closed loop. Closed loop position control with sensor noise <0.6nm average deviation (Adev) in a 0.1Hz-1kHz bandwidth (BW) and sensor nonlinearity <0.5% (Adev/full travel) at full scan.Z: >15µm sensored travel in closed loop. Sensor noise <0.3nm Adev in a 0.1Hz-1kHz BW and sensor non-linearity less than 0.2% (Adev/full travel) at full scan.Z height: noise <0.06nm Adev, 0.1Hz-1kHz BW.

Optical LeverNoise <0.03nm Adev in a 0.1Hz to 1kHz BW.

Controller ElectronicsA/Ds: One 16-bit input operating at 5MHz with seven gains and a 16-bit offset. Used primarily for cantilever deflection, but also user accessible; Five 16-bit inputs operating at 100kHz. Typically three are used for the reading of the X, Y, and Z sensors and two are available for user inputs.Frequency Synthesizer: Outputs from two Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) are are summed and available on a 16-bit, 10MHz D/A. Frequency: DC to 2.0MHz in 2mHz increments. Amplitude: 0 to 20V(p-p) in 0.6mV increments. Amplitude, phase, and frequency of the oscillator can be controlled from software at 100kHz update rates.DACs: Six high resolution, low-noise, fast 24-bit channels, two for XY scanning (5.3kHz bandwidth with 100kHz update rates); one for Z feedback oper-ating at up to 5.3kHz, three for user outputs (two at 52kHz and one at 78Hz). Digital Lock-ins: Two fully digital lock-ins operating at 5MHz provide quadrature outputs. Both R/ϑ (amplitude/phase) and I/Q (Rcosϑ/ Rsinϑ) are available in output bandwidths up to 9kHz.DSP: Floating point processor running at 80MHz.Digital Q-Control: for cantilevers from 2kHz to 2MHz; typically enhances or suppresses Q by 5X.Computer-to-Controller Communication: Universal Serial Bus (USB).X, Y, & Z High Voltage Outputs: -10 to +150V.

ARgyle: OpenGL® 3D rendering technology for advanced image display.• Generate, display, and visualize 3D images

in real-time while you scan as well as off-line processing.

• Overlay alternate channel data with primary to view feature correlation.

• Independent scaling of axes for true 1:1 aspect ratio.• Mouse-driven rotating, panning, scaling, and

specular lighting control of images. • Export 3D images to clipboard, JPEG, TIFF,

BMP, PNG, STL, VRML 2.0.• Stereo anaglyph creation from 3D images.

Vibration IsolationVibration isolation is recommended for all systems. See Options Data Sheet.

Additional Options A wide range of system, environmental, and application options are available to enhance the capabilities of the MFP-3D-SA. See MFP-3D Options Data Sheets for additional information.

Cover Images1. Nanoindenting of indium tin oxide, 800nm scan.2. Block copolymer self-organized into a close-packed lattice of spherical microdomains. Lattice orientation (color) overlaid on height data (light/dark) illustrates grain boundaries and defects, 16µm scan. Sample courtesy of M. Trawick, Univ. of Richmond.3. Type I collagen imaged using Dual AC mode. Fundamental resonance phase data overlaid on AFM topography, 4µm scan.4. Strain-induced corkscrew pattern on MBE grown AlGaAs, 12µm scan. Sample courtesy of T. Daniels-Race, LSU.5. EFM photoinduced charging rate map generated by plotting the inverse exponential time constant for photoinduced charging at each point from the AFM image (not pictured). Dark rings indicate regions of slower charging. Image courtesy of D. Coffey and D. Ginger, Univ. of Washington. 6. Sapphire crystal following annealing at 1400°C leaving a clean surface with atomic steps (~3Å tall ) and occasional defects, 12µm scan. Image courtesy of S. MacLaren, UIUC.7. Lead titanate film with PFM phase data overlaid on AFM topography, 5µm scan. Image courtesy of A. Gruver-man and D. Wu, UNL. Sample courtesy H. Funakubo.8. SEBS spuncoat onto a silicon wafer. Phase data overlaid on AFM topography, 2µm scan. Sample courtesy of R. Segalman and A. Hexemer, Kramer Group, UCSB.9. Quantum dot structure created on a GaAs wafer using oxidation lithography, 2.5µm scan. Courtesy of D. Graf and R. Shleser, Ensslin Group, ETH Zurich.

Computer (minimum): Dell® Precision T3400, Dual 160GB SATA RAID1 hard drive configuration, 2.40GHz Quad Core CPU, 3GB RAM, Nvidia 9800GT 512MB video card, video capture card, 16x DVD writer, two 20" LCD screens 1600x1200 (optional 30"), 525W power supply, Windows® XP Pro and IGOR Pro software. Custom configurations available.Light SourceSuperluminescent diode (SLD) is classified as Class 1M. Viewing with an optical instrument within a distance of 100mm may pose an eye hazard.

Stage Micrometer driven stage for mechanical alignment of the cantilever tip and sample.Motorized X-Y (optional)

MFP HeadStandard Head: Flexure-mounted optical lever sys-tem with low-coherence SLD, liquid-compatible and AC-capable cantilever holder, dichroic mirror and window for optical access to cantilever, 80-pitch engage screws, and Invar shell. Extended Head (optional): 40µm Z scan range. Top View Head (optional): Adds 10x, 0.28 NA long-working distance objective with focus and beamsteering adjustments, allows high resolution optical imaging of tip and sample. Narrowband Source (optional): Eliminates interference with sensitive optical experiments. High Bandwidth Photodiode (optional): Increases photodiode bandwidth for deflection and lateral signals to 7MHz.

Base ModelsStand Alone (SA): Three models are available. All feature bright field microscopy with Kohler illumination, adjustable aperture and field diaphragm, remote 150W light source coupled via fiber bundle, dual 1/4" CCD’s with 720µm and 240µm fields of view; integrated scanning and interconnect board, and rigid low-vibration construction.• Top View: Uses infinity-corrected Mitutoyo

objective in Top View head for imaging of opaque samples at 3µm resolution.

• Bottom View: For transparent samples only. Default configuration is 10x/0.25 NA infinity- corrected objective. Others available upon request.

• Dual View Base: Combines features of Top and Bottom View, with switchable shutters. Allows for transmitted light in either direction.

Sample Holders For samples up to 3.4"x1.5", including glass slides and coverslips. Specialized sample holders including flow-through and heating available (see Options Data Sheet).

SoftwareBased in IGOR Pro by WaveMetrics, a powerful scientific data acquisition and analysis environment. The software is user-programmable.Features include but not limited to:• Nonlinear curve fitting to arbitrary user-defined

functions.• Extensive image analysis including 2D FFT’s,

wavelet transformations, convolutions, line profiles, particle analysis, edge detection (eight methods, including Sobel), and thresholding (five methods, including fuzzy entropy).

• Automatic spectral fitting and calibration of cantilever spring constants using thermal noise and Sader method.

• Easy generation of scientific publication quality graphs and page layouts.

Specifications

6310 Hollister AvenueSanta Barbara, CA 93117

voice: 805-696-6466 fax: 805-696-6444Toll free: 888-472-2795

[email protected]

Specifications subject to change without notice

321

654

987

Atomic Force Microscopes

The Only

Full-Capability

AFM on an Inverted

Optical Microscope

MFP-3D-BIO™ Atomic Force Microscope

Uncompromised AFM on an Inverted Optical Platform The MFP-3D-BIO provides the highest sensitivity and most accurate images and measurements possible on an inverted optical platform. The NPS™ closed loop nanopositioning sensors on all three axes ensure distortion-free images on samples as small as proteins and as large as cells – in both air and liquid. The MFP-3D measures the cantilever deflection to better than 20pm (8pm typical) without artifacts, making the MFP-3D ideal for force measurements such as unfolding single molecules or probing cell mechanics.

AFM Is More Than Just Pretty Images From single molecule contour lengths to mammalian cell volumes, your published results are only as good as the data you acquire. The MFP-3D provides a truly quantitative three-dimensional map of your sample – a necessity for accurate measurements you can trust. Asylum’s superior sensor and flexure stage technology coupled with our intuitive control software also gives you the ability to zoom and offset with a single mouse click - even from a previously captured image. Independent lateral (X-Y) and vertical (Z) positioning stages eliminate the crosstalk errors common to systems using tip-scanners. And the large Z range (up to 40µm) enables imaging of tall samples and cells, force curves on highly adhesive soft materials like gels, and other challenging applications. All standard AFM scanning modes are supported, including contact mode with lateral force, AC mode with phase, and advanced modes such as Dual AC™, nanomanipulation, nanoindentation and more.

The Best Force Measurements – from the Commercial Pioneer of Force Spectroscopy Asylum Research pioneered commercialization of picoNewton-scale force spectroscopy with its first product, the Molecular Force Probe (MFP). Asylum continues that leadership to this day with the MFP-3D AFM (see sidebar at far right).

“ We chose Asylum’s MFP-3D-BIO AFM because it has the most powerful AFM capabilities of the inverted optical integrated systems. It excels in all aspects, from optical integration to high-resolution imaging and dimensional measurements to force spectroscopy and elasticity measurements of soft tissue matrices. Asylum’s quality and reliability allow us to focus on the science.”

– Prof. Dennis Discher, University of Pennsylvania

From left: Dennis Discher, Florian Rehfeldt, Andre Brown

No Hole in Our HeadSome competitors literally have a hole through their AFM head. While permitting the use of some commercially-available optical condensers, the hole compromises the integrity of the AFM optical lever design and the stability of the AFM stage. This adds noise to their scans, degrades imaging resolution, and hinders quantitative force and friction measurements.

In contrast, the MFP-3D measures picoNewton forces and resolves the smallest features of your samples. The flexure-mounted optical lever mechanism moves as a single robust unit, virtually eliminating non-linearities, off-axis motion and interference fringes. Our custom-designed condenser column provides unobstructed top-down sample viewing and enables standard optical microscopy modes, including phase contrast.

Force map on fixed MRC-5 fibroblasts, 30µm. Deflection image (left) shows location of selected force curves (center graph). Automated force curve analysis generates an elasticity map (right image) which displays the measured modulus by color at each of the 1600 force curve points taken on the cells and substrate. The lamellipodia at the top center of the force map appear much softer than expected due to the presence of a second cell underneath.

Leadership in Force Spectroscopy and Force Mechanics• Simple setup, calibration, acquisi-

tion, display and analysis (any channel vs. any channel) with easy customization for advanced users.

• Superior 8pm deflection noise (typical), 20pm guaranteed.

• Accurate force measurements with no additional hardware required.

• Users can choose between open loop sensored force curves for the ultimate in low noise performance, or closed loop force curves for the most accurate velocity control.

• MacroBuilder™ graphical macro language allows custom force mea-surements to be easily programmed, even by beginners.

• Large vertical Z range (15µm standard, 40µm available) accommo-dates demanding applications such as adhesion measurements on cells and very soft gels.

• Force Mapping enables mechanical measurements at a grid of points with automated extraction of mate-rial properties such as elastic modulus.

• Force Clamping for single-�molecule and bond-�rupture force spectroscopy measures unfolding or rupture kinetics under constant force, allowing direct comparison to theoretical models.

• Perpendicular drive, flexured nano-indenter (optional) provides accurate force and displacement control with superior resolution, sensitivity and precision.

Top image, opposite page: 2.5µm scan of supported lipid bilayers (5nm tall) adsorbed onto mica and imaged in phosphate buffered saline.

Force Curve, opposite page: The unfolding of fibril amyloid beta-sheets in algal adhesive reveals a distinct sawtooth pattern. The force curve was fitted to the worm-like chain (WLC) model (dotted lines) and a persis-tence length of 0.22nm was calculated. Data from Mostaert et al. (2006), J. Biol. Phys. 32(5):393.

Light Up Your AFMSeamless Optical and AFM IntegrationThe MFP-3D-BIO sets the industry standard for combining optical and atomic force microscopies in a single integrated tool specifically designed for biologists. Our team of biologists and optical engineers have optimized the MFP-3D for use with the leading inverted optical microscopes to ensure that you get the maximum benefit and productivity from the combination of these powerful techniques. High numerical aperture, water immersion, and TIRF objectives are all accommodated. No other AFM can match the MFP-3D’s performance for optical integration, high resolution imaging, quantitative force measurements, and environmental controls. All of the following optical microscopy techniques are supported: • Brightfield • Phase Contrast • Epifluorescence • Confocal Laser Scanning • TIRF • FRET • FCS • FRAP • Ion Indicators (e.g. Ca2+ response)

And the MFP-�3D’s exclusive X-�Y scanned-� sample design is essential and enabling for:

• Apertureless Near-field Microscopy (ANSOM) • Raman and Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy • Tip-enhanced Fluorescence • Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)

Locate a cell with Zernike phase contrast (gray) or fluorescence, examine features such as cytoskeletal structures (red) or the nucleus (purple), then zoom in for high-resolution topography or force measurements with AFM (copper). Overlay optical data on AFM topography for 3D analysis and presentation (right).

a

b c

Multiply-labeled fibroblasts imaged in buffer using contact mode AFM (a), and fluorescence microscopy (b). The MFP-3D’s standard overlay feature produced the composite image (c). Our proprietary IR filter blocks the AFM laser, enabling clean, full-spectrum fluorescence imaging – including far-red fluorophores.

The optical path through the head of the MFP-3D-BIO utilizes a high-quality objective which can be used to view the top of opaque samples and to align the laser onto the tip. The objective can also be used as a condenser for brightfield or phase contrast illumination on transparent samples by using a series of lenses and mirrors to illuminate the sample. Using these optical elements, high quality illumination is achieved for observation with the inverted optical microscope objective while not undermining the fidelity of the optical lever or Z-flexure design of the AFM.

“ The MFP-3D-BIO is a research instrument through and through and designed for the scientist. The optical integration is exceptional, and the flexibility of the platform offers almost endless possibilities.”

– Prof. Jan Hoh, Johns Hopkins University

Versatility from Above: View, Illuminate, NavigateThe MFP-3D extends the capability of the inverted optical microscope by allowing you to view transparent and opaque samples from above while scanning with the AFM. The integrated top-view optics enable in situ laser alignment and tip positioning – without removing the AFM head and without ancillary equipment. Our unique design also allows the top-view objective lens to double as a high-quality condenser for phase contrast illumination. Top- or bottom-view optical images can be used to navigate the tip to any feature on the sample, scan that area at the nanoscale with the AFM, and then select specific locations for force curves – easily and seamlessly. Optical images can be overlayed on AFM data, and captured for documentation and publication.

Top view optical images: (a) HeLa cells on silicon, (b) pollen grains, and (c) mussel holdfast fiber with corresponding AFM image (d). (a) J. Brison et al., Surface and Interface Analysis, submitted 2009. (c,d) Holten-Andersen et al. (2007), Nature Materials 6:669.

a b

c d

Control Your Sample EnvironmentPetri Dish Holder Specially designed sample plate for imaging cultured cells and other biological samples in Petri dishes.

Petri Dish Heater Petri Dish Holder with the additional capability for heating temperature-�sensitive samples from ambient to 45˚C.*

Closed Fluid Cell Sealed chamber with 10 inlet and/or outlet ports for exchange of liquid or gas media.†

BioHeater™ Closed Fluid Cell for imaging in liquid between ambient and 80˚C. * †

Fluid Cell Lite Economical portless fluid cell. Ideal for individual users at multi-user facilities.†

CoolerHeater Heats and cools samples with a Peltier element. Continuous temperature control from -�35˚C to +120˚C.*

Humidity Sensing Cell Measures humidity within a sealed sample cell.

iDrive™ Simplifies imaging in liquid with cantilever auto-tuning and elimination of mechanical resonance peaks.

Additional OptionsHigh-voltage PFM Piezoresponse Force Microscopy for very high sensitivity, high bias and crosstalk-free measurements for piezoelectrics and biological systems.

ORCA™ Conductive AFM Provides current-voltage measurement capability.

MFP NanoIndenter True instrumented nanoindenting for quantitative measurements with unprecedented accuracy.

* Temperature stability ±0.1˚C. † Compatible with glass cover slips

used for high NA microscopy.

Choose the MFP-3D-BIOFor Full Capability and Ease of UseAsylum has made our full capability system easy to learn and use for novices while providing advanced functionality for the most experienced users. Don’t compromise your research by choosing an “easy to use” system with limited capabilities. Choose the MFP-3D-BIO for both full capability and ease of use.

WalkStart with the basics. Press one button in ModeMaster™ (top) and the AFM is configured for you, showing a simplified view with only the preset parameters you need for your experiment.

RunTake control of your AFM. Control the instrument precisely for more advanced experiments, specifying exactly what you want to do in our full-featured interface. Don’t be held back by inflexible software.

FlyAutomate your work. For your most demanding experiments, access the full programmability of the MFP-3D AFM easily from our visual MacroBuilder panel. Spread your wings – no computer coding required!

Legendary Product SupportBiophysicist Deron Walters and biologists Irene Revenko, Sophia Hohlbauch and Nick Geisse have over 50 years of combined AFM experience. Our staff helps you succeed with AFM operation as well as sample preparation techniques and procedures.

“Working with the Asylum Research support team is like having an additional bio-AFM specialist on our staff.” Prof. Miklos Kellermeyer, Semmelweis University

“ Our MFP-3D is a highly reliable and key tool in our NanoImaging Core Facility. In addition to ‘traditional’ imaging in air, it has outstanding capabilities for imaging in liquid and performing reliable and accurate force measurements. The simplicity of the software allows us to easily train students, yet the open setup of the instrument makes it flexible and powerful for very high-end projects, including nanolithography and nanomanipulation.”

– Prof. Yuri Lyubchenko, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Real-time Optical NavigationGuide the tip to any location for AFM imaging, force mapping or individual force curves using any real-time optical input – brightfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, etc. This capability is of particular importance when working with functionalized tips or soft samples that preclude AFM scanning prior to force spectroscopy experiments. Left: 40X phase contrast image of MRC-5 fibroblasts on a Petri dish. With a single click you can direct the tip (red dot) to any point, or select a new scan area (green box) within the scan range (red box).

Cantilever Auto-�tune in Liquid Tuning the cantilever for AC mode takes only a single mouse click with Asylum’s exclusive iDrive electromagnetic actuation.

Real3D™ Imaging – View your data in three dimensions in real time as you scan!The MFP-3D’s exclusive real-time 3D display allows you to view a realistic repre-sentation of your sample while the image is still being acquired. You can overlay the AFM phase or other data channels, rotate the image to any point of view, and adjust the scaling and lighting – all during the scan. This powerful capability is only available on Asylum Research AFMs.

And once you’ve acquired your image our ARgyle™ image processing software helps you:

• Render your data for journal-quality presentation and publication.• Control color height maps, lighting angle and intensity, dynamic data

range scaling, interactive real-time rotation, zooming and panning.• Create Quicktime® movies and 3D stereo anaglyphs.• Overlay different AFM and optical channels. For example fluorescence

or phase contrast can be mapped onto AFM topography to correlate the data/information (see center pages). Sequence of real-time 3D renderings of E. coli on

glass showing structure and fimbriae, 5µm scan.

Yuri Lyubchenko with Luda Shlyakhtenko

Opaque Sample Capability: Incorporates Mitutoyo 10x/0.28 NA objective lens, optics module, and camera for SLD spot alignment and positioning tip on opaque samples.Zernike Phase Contrast: Includes condenser and annuli for Ph2, Ph1, and Ph0/C/L operation concurrent with AFM imaging.Compatible Techniques include brightfield, epi-fluorescence, darkfield, phase, confocal, Raman, TIRF, FRET, FRAP, FLIM, and more.

Superior UsabilityIncluded Modes: Contact mode; AC mode with Q-control; AFM Phase; exclusive Dual AC mode; LFM; EFM; MFM; SKPM; piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) including vector and switching spectroscopy PFM; Dual AC Resonance Tracking (DART); MicroAngelo™ nanolithography and nanomanipulation.Optional Modes: Conductive AFM (CAFM) with ORCA module; enhanced LFM head; high voltage PFM; thermal analysis; nanoindentation.Sample Format: 75x25mm typical. Maximum 80mm diam. x 5mm height, mass 2kg. Up to 22mm height with option.Sample Adapters Included for coverslips (25mm diam. or 22x22mm) and Petri dishes (plastic and coverglass-bottom). See Options Data Sheet for heating, flow-through, and humidity sensing sample holders.Computer: High-performance dual-monitor Windows™ computer (inquire for latest specifications and custom configurations).Software: Open user interface based on IGOR Pro incorporates professional-quality analysis and graphing capabilities. AFM analysis includes section, histogram, roughness, particle analysis, and masking.3D Rendering of real-time and offline data with color overlays using proprietary ARgyle module. Includes anaglyphs and STL or VRML stereolithography export.ModeMaster allows one-push configuration; many preset modes included.MacroBuilder graphical interface enables automation of data acquisition and analysis.Extra Software Licenses: Free for MacOS or Windows. Each installation requires a valid IGOR Pro license.Software updates: Free for lifetime of the microscope. May occasionally require IGOR Pro upgrade.Toll-free phone support (US only), e-mail support, and user forum available.Remote desktop streaming for online real-time support and training.

Vibration IsolationStrongly recommended for all systems. See Options Data Sheet.

Except as noted, noise measurements are specified as the average deviation (Adev) in a bandwidth of 0.1Hz to 1kHz. Sensor linearity is specified as the maximum absolute deviation divided by the full range of motion.

SpecificationsNote: Specifications in red are tested for 100% of MFP-3D-BIO AFMs shipped.

High Precision 3D MotionClosed Loop Sensors on all three axesX&Y axes: 90µm range in closed loop; resolution 0.5nm limited only by sensor noise. Sensor linearity better than 0.5%.Z axis: >15µm range; resolution 0.25nm limited only by sensor noise. Sensor linearity better than 0.05%. Optional Extended Z Head with range >40µm and resolution 0.3nm. Ultra-Quiet Z Drive: Voltage noise Adev <70µV in a bandwidth of 1Hz to 10kHz.Height: Noise in the tip-sample distance is <0.06nm. Measurement/analysis tools for noise and linearity are available to the researcher.

Molecular Scale Force MeasurementsCantilever Deflection Measurement: Noise <0.02nm; typical 0.008nm. Linearity better than 0.5%. Bandwidth 2MHz standard; up to 7MHz with PD-FAST option. Low Coherence Source: Superluminescent diode (SLD) for ripple-free baseline.Force Constant Calibration by the thermal noise and Sader methods.Live Baseline Correction (linear and quadratic) for precise low-force triggers.Flexible Interface allows recording or trig-gering from any channel during a force curve, including amplitude/phase from AC or Dual AC mode; user-supplied input voltages; and photon count rate (with optional Digital Access Module).Slow Force Curves (up to 100 sec) and long dwell times (up to 500 sec) with variable data acquisition rate during motion and dwell.Force Mapping: Up to 384x384 array of force curves; includes automated analysis to create maps of adhesion and elastic modulus.

Optical Microscope IntegrationIncludes stage unit for mounting on inverted optical microscope: Olympus IX81/71/51, IX70/50; Nikon Ti-E/U/S, TE2000-U/S; or Zeiss Axio Observer Z1/D1/A1. Inquire regarding other models. All standard objective lenses including high NA oil- and water-immersion and TIRF objectives are supported.Infrared Source: 860nm SLD for compatibility with far-red fluorophores.Blocking Filters: Matched interference filters in AFM head and optical microscope completely block the SLD beam from fluorescence detectors and cameras.Software Overlay of optical images on AFM data in both 2D (variable alpha) and 3D (topographic rendering).Analog CCD Camera (640x480) included for positioning with transmitted light techniques. Optically Guided region of interest (ROI) selection for imaging and force curves/maps.

6310 Hollister AvenueSanta Barbara, CA 93117

voice: 805-696-6466 fax: 805-696-6444toll-free: 888-472-2795

[email protected] [email protected]

ARC2, ARgyle, Dual AC, iDrive, MacroBuilder, MFP-3D, MFP-3D-BIO, MicroAngelo, ModeMaster, NPS, ORCA, and Real3D are trademarks of Asylum Research. Other trademarks are those of their respective owners. Specifications subject to change without notice.

Don’t Just Take Our Word For It...Christine Ortiz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology “ The MFP has worked great for us. I’ve

used (most other AFM brands) and have found the MFP to be superior for force measurements to all of them. The machine is extremely easy to learn how to use. I have undergrads working on it with no problem. The instrument support is fantastic as well.”

Tim Senden, The Australian National University “ ...that seems to be AR’s trademark. Great scientists behind great gear. You might think I’m being too effusive, but I haven’t yet started...”

Thomas Gutsmann, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences “ We’ve used the MFP-�3D since 2002

and it has been an extremely reliable and flexible instrument. On the one hand it is easy enough to use for train-ing of students and on the other hand it is the most powerful AFM for high-end scientific research projects. The open access software offers a wide range of capabilities to enable your own ideas and visions.”

Scott MacLaren, University of Illinois at Urbana-�Champaign “ Many companies say they provide great service and support, but consis-tently fail to do so. Asylum Research, on the other hand, proves every day how much they care about their customers by providing the best service and support in the industry. Truly exceptional.”

Yael Dror, Oxford University (On Asylum’s AFM in Biology Class) “ You all did a remarkable job in all

areas! I am especially grateful for your sincere willingness to help each of us and the time and energy you spent with me to help, explain, guide and think together about my results. But above all you shared with us your love of the AFM, which couldn’t possibly be ignored, and gave us an insight into a very special company.”

Xiaohui (Frank) Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai “ It was such a wonderful experience at AR! Many thanks again for all the help and courtesy extended to me. I will for sure send my students to future Asylum Bio classes.” Go to www.MyAsylumAFM.com for more comments from our users.

Cover Image: DNA origami triangles, ~120nm per edge, 1µm scan. Sample courtesy of Paul W.K. Rothemund, California Institute of Technology.

Proprietary Specifications

MFP-3D™ Atomic Force Microscope Proprietary Specifications This document contains a list of proprietary specifications for the MFP-3D AFM System. The items that are highlighted in italic represent a significant difference between the MFP-3D and other commercial AFM systems. Please contact us if you have any questions. Operational Modes

• Imaging modes: Contact; Constant force, Constant height; Lateral Force; Non-contact; AC (intermittent contact); Phase; Dual AC™; Magnetic (MFM); Electric Force (EFM); Surface potential (Scanning Kelvin Probe microscopy); Piezo Force Microscopy (PFM); and Conductive AFM imaging (with the ORCA™ CAFM module)

• Non-imaging modes: Force; Force/Distance spectroscopy; Force Volume Mapping; Nanolithography

and Nanomanipulation; and Current/Voltage (I/V) spectroscopy (requires ORCA™ tip holder)

Scanning system – Closed loop operation with position sensors in 3 axes

• XY scanner is separate from Z scanner to eliminate “bowing” effect in images commonly seen in Piezo tube-based AFM systems.

• Each axis of motion is independently actuated using its own piezo stack and flexure stage.

• Integrated LVDT (NPS™) position sensors in all three axes provide seamless closed loop operation.

This eliminates and corrects position errors in the scanning system due to piezo hysteresis, creep, and non-linearity, and substantially reduces thermal drift effects.

o Z position sensors calibrated with a NIST traceable interferometer. o XY position sensors calibrated with VLSI standard

• Large vertical scan range (>15µm standard - >40 µm with Extended head option). • X&Y: 90µm travel. Closed loop position control with sensor noise <0.6nm absolute deviation (Adev) in

a 0.1 Hz-1 kHz bandwidth (BW) and sensor nonlinearity <0.5% at full scan.

• Z: >15µm range (40µm optional) with closed loop sensored control. Sensor noise <0.3nm in a 1kHz BW and sensor non-linearity less than 0.2% (Adev/Full travel) at full scan: Z height: noise<0.06nm.

• Accommodates sample sizes up to 80x80 mm (dia) and up to 22 mm thick (with leg extenders)

T E C H S P E C S

Asylum Research 6310 Hollister Ave. Santa Barbara, CA 93117 • 805-696-6466-voice, 805-696-6444-fax • www.AsylumResearch.com • [email protected] • 3/23/05

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T E C H S P E C S

MFP-3D Head/Optical Lever Detection • Infrared SLD (860nm) eliminates crosstalk problems with epi- and transmission- fluorescence

measurements. • Low coherence light source reduces optical interference (comes standard in all systems).

• The superluminescent diode (SLD) is incident on the cantilever at a 22° angle to the sample normal.

This inverted SLD path reduces interference problems due to laser retro-reflections, typical in other laser-based detection systems.

• Very low optical lever noise of <0.03nm Adev in a 0.1Hz-1kHz BW (10 second measurement).

• SLD focus spot (10x50µm) optimized for small cantilevers (Bio-Lever by OLYMPUS) for further

increase in sensitivity.

• Uses standard commercial AFM cantilevers. MFP-3D Stage

• Micrometer controlled sample translation stage with 10-mm (dia) range in the x and y directions. • Optional motorized sample translation stage available with a range of ~8mm in the x and y directions

controlled through the MFP-3DTM software interface. All-Digital Controller

• 100% digital operation. Signals from the instrument are immediately digitized. All signal conditioning is then performed digitally, eliminating the need for noisy analog signal conditioning electronics.

• Software-controlled crosspoint switch that allows the user to re-route signals without using external

wiring or complicated cabling.

• DSP and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) allow fast, real-time processing of signals.

• 5 MHz, 16 bit digitization rate of the deflection signal—also available for other user supplied signals.

• Digital Q-control allows the cantilever quality factor to be changed to improve imaging of soft samples or to increase scanning speed.

• Access to all major signals on BNC connectors on the controller front panel including deflection (A-B),

sum (A+B), amplitude, phase, lateral force, X, Y and Z sensors, various aux and trigger signals, three user inputs, three user outputs, audio out for ear phone, X,Y and Z piezo drive voltages and user X, Y and Z modulation voltage inputs compatible with external hardware.


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T E C H S P E C S

• SmartStart™ autoconfiguration of external hardware. Device parameters are stored in non-volatile RAM on the device itself and read into the software when the device is plugged in. This eliminates the need for parameter files.

• DSPDirector™(optional) allows direct access to the DSP code for advanced operation.

• Fast, single cable USB connection to controlling computer that simplifies system setup.

Open Source Software Based in IGOR Pro • Native Windows XP software, operating within IGOR Pro (from Wavemetrics). • Open source code within IGOR Pro for easy customization of software features.

• Number of data points limited by computer memory only. Over 25 megapixel image resolution. Force

curves can have more than 10 million points (both have been demonstrated, more are possible with more memory).

• MicroAngelo™—nanolithography and manipulation capabilities built-in without the need for additional

hardware or software (see below for additional details).

• Thumbnail viewer allows searching, sorting and viewing AFM-specific data files AFM-specific files outside of the IGOR environment.

• Scientific publication-quality graphing and layout capabilities as well as Quicktime® movies—all

within the MFP control and analysis software environment.

Multiple Spring Constant Calibration Methods • Quick, push-button non-destructive determination of cantilever spring constant using thermal noise and

Sader hydrodynamic methods. Thermal tune measurements on Cantilevers up to 2MHz. • Integrated mechanical micro-manipulation system for attaching particles to the cantilever for force

measurements and for Cleveland added mass spring constant calibration method. MicroAngelo™—Built-in Nanolithography and Manipulation • The cantilever can be controlled for lithography and manipulation applications. Capabilities are built-in

without the need for extra hardware or software or compiling. • Patterns can be made with freehand curves, straight lines and points.

• Patterns can also be imported - graphical and lithography designs, images and lines.

• Cantilever amplitude, deflection, and voltage can be controlled and modulated during lithography and

all can be done simultaneously. All points are sent to the controller simultaneously for easy computation of complex patterns and for applications such as anodic oxidation.


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T E C H S P E C S

• Better than 5 milliseconds latency between points as they are downloaded to the controller.

• Users can easily store and modify lithography or manipulation objects allowing you to develop your

own library.

ARgyle™ - Open GL® - 3D Image Rendering from within the MFP software environment • Generate, display, and visualize 3D images in real-time while you scan as well as off-line processing. • Multiple images and channels of a single scan such as phase, amplitude, topography, MFM,

conductivity may be opened and viewed simultaneously, or overlaid on a primary channel for signal correlation.

• Independent scaling of each axis allows adjustment of aspect ratios to best represent your data. View

your data with a 1:1 aspect ratio to visually compare height structures with scan size.

• View images in 3D by simply clicking and dragging on the image to pan, rotate, tilt and zoom into specific areas of the image.

• Enhanced lighting effects provide shadowing on surfaces as the light is rotated. Specular highlighting

creates reflection that enhances the features of surface roughness.

• Many color tables, along with a color table editor, provide optimal data rendering for stunning presentations.

• Files may be exported to the clipboard or saved as JPEG, PNG, BMP, TIFF, or other files.

Humidity Cell (optional) • Maximum sample size 30mm diameter. • Includes membrane and clamp for sealed operation with user-supplied gas. • Requires Environmental Controller. • Measures humidity

o RH accuracy 2%. o RH repeatability 0.5% o Humidity hystersis 3%

ORCATM – Conducting AFM module (optional) • High bandwidth transimpedance amplifier (17kHz)


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• Force loading I/V curves

• Force curves while simultaneously monitoring current.

• Point and click I/V curves

• User defined wave forms for I/V spectroscopy (square, sine, triangle, pulse, or user defined)

• Automatic spiral “in” for reducing contact resistance due to surface contamination in I/V curves

iDriveTM - Magnetically Actuated Cantilever Drive (optional)

• No magnetic materials are used on the I-Drive cantilevers, as rare earth or transition metal ions may poison biological samples.

• Easy autotune of cantilevers in fluid. • Demonstrated Q-control in fluids using the magnetic drive.

• Ability to switch between acoustic and magnetic drive in the software.

VFM: Variable Field Module (optional)

• The VFM applies an In-plane field to the sample exceeding +or-3,000 Oe with <1 Oe resolution. The VFM utilizes a rare earth magnet, eliminating heating and drift caused by electromagnets.

• Field intensity at the sample is monitored by an integrated gauss meter and is software controllable.

• Maximum field can be controlled by adjusting the pole pieces.


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T E C H S P E C S

NanoIndenter (optional) • Instrumented, quantitative nanoindenting. • Dedicated nanoindenting head. Push and turn alignment knobs. Optical side viewing of tip. • Standard and low force

Standard Low Force Spring constant: 2,000-3,500N/m 300-800N/m

Mass: 3g 1g Resonant frequency: 700Hz 300Hz

• Can also be packaged as a separated head (nanoindenting) with MFP-3D.

PFM: Piezo Force Module (optional)

• The PFM module enables high sensitivity, high bias (+/-220V), and cross-talk free measurements on piezoelectrics, including biological systems in fluid, ferroelectrics, and multi-ferroelectrics.

• The PFM module allows a high bias to be applied directly to the sample for spectroscopic polarization dynamic studies.

• Dual frequency resonance tracking

• Band Excitation

• Single-point hysteresis loop measurements and switching spectroscopy mapping Extended Head (optional)

• 40µm Z range.

MFP-3D-BIOTM - Inverted Optical Microscope Model

• MFP-3D-Bio allows simultaneous AFM and optical measurements (ie. brightfield, epifluorescence) and optional phase contrast illumination.

• Custom bandpass filter in AFM head blocks visible light from hitting the sample. Critical for single molecule fluorescence studies

• Custom Infrared blocking filter blocks the AFM SLD light from reaching the camera.

• TopView optics for simultaneous optical imaging of the tip/sample region on opaque samples as well as transmission illumination and Phase Contrast illumination for transparent samples.


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MFP-3DTM-Stand Alone Microscope Model

• Top View model allows Kohler illumination and view of the cantilever and sample through a 10X 0.28 NA Mitutoyo objective. The base contains a port for inserting fiber guide illumination and built-in cameras with differing magnifications (720and 240 micron field of view for 1/4" CCD cameras).

• Bottom View model includes a micrometer driven, crossed-roller stage for mechanical alignment of the

optical axis with the cantilever tip and sample. The base uses Kohler illumination through an inverted optical 10x, 0.25 NA infinity-corrected objective. The base contains a port for inserting fiber guide illumination and built-in cameras with differing magnifications (720 and 240 micron field of view for 1/4" CCD cameras).

• Dual View model contains all the features of both the top and bottom view base and also allows

transmitted light illumination. The Dual View Base allows the operator to easily switch between the two views.

Support

• Free expert technical telephone assistance. OnSight customer support allows Asylum Research scientists and engineers to troubleshoot, diagnose and control user equipment over the Internet.

Advanced Applications Options ORCA™ Conductive AFM OptionORCA provides conductive AFM imaging and IV measurement capabilities. The standard module is capable of measuring currents from ~1pA to 20nA. Other modules for different current ranges are available upon request. The kit includes a sample mount and accessories. Also available in Dual Gain version.

iDrive™ Fluid Imaging Option The iDrive cantilever holder simplifies imaging in fluid, especially for soft samples. The amplitude of mechanical resonance peaks normally associated with fluid imaging are eliminated which allows for easy auto-tuning of the cantilever in fluid for AC, Dual AC™ and Phase Imaging. The kit includes a variety of accessories and 105 AR-iDrive-N01 cantilevers.

High Voltage Option for Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) The Piezo Force Module enables PFM for very high sensitivity, high bias, and crosstalk-free measurements on piezoelectrics, including ferroelectrics and multiferroics, as well as for biological systems in fluid. The module includes the HV220 Amplifier, high voltage cantilever holder, and high voltage sample mount.

NanoIndenter The MFP NanoIndenter is a true instrumented nanoindenter, allowing quantitative measurements with unprecedented Z-sensored accuracy. The nanoindenting head allows optical side viewing of the indenting tip. Two models are available: Standard (spring constant of 2,000-3,500N/m) and Low Force (spring constant of 300-800N/m). See the MFP NanoIndenter data sheet or ask us about available configurations.

Ztherm™ Modulated Thermal Analysis Option The Ztherm option allows localized point-by-point thermal property measurement and mapping with sub-zeptoliter volume resolution. A wide variety of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) imaging and point spec-troscopic modes are supported, including contact and AC thermal imaging, and Dual AC Resonance Tracking (DART). Integrated piezo actuator allows high resolution AC imaging of your sample before and after thermal measurements. Compatible with Thermalever™ probes.

Options and Accessories for the MFP-3DTM AFM

BioHeater, iDrive, MFP-3D, MFP-3D-BIO, ORCA, Dual AC, PolyHeater, SmartStart, Variable Field Module are trademarks of Asylum Research. NANOSENSORS is a trademark of NanoWorld AG. PEEK is a trademark of Victrex. ThermaLever is a trademark of Anasys Instruments. Specifications are subject to change.

MFP-3D OptionsD A T A S H E E T 1 2

Environmental Accessories

Environmental Controller The Environmental Controller interfaces with the BioHeater, PolyHeater, CoolerHeater, Petri Dish Heater and Humidity Sensing Cell. Closed loop operation ensures unprecedented precision and accuracy. The SmartStart™ interface autoconfigures each accessory for easy plug and play operation.

Closed Fluid Cell The Closed Fluid Cell provides a sealed chamber with ten inlet and outlet ports for the exchange of liquid or gas media in an otherwise sealed environment. The kit includes various sample accessories, as well as a membrane and clamp for sealed operation.

Fluid Cell Lite The Fluid Cell Lite is an economical, portless version of the Closed Fluid Cell. It is ideal for multi-user facilities where each user can have their own fluid dish. The kit includes various sample accessories and a membrane that minimizes sample evaporation.

Compatible with High Voltage Capability

BioHeater™The BioHeater adds temperature control to the fluid exchange capabilities of the Closed Fluid Cell, allowing imaging in fluid between ambient and 80°C. It supports samples up to 25mm in diameter. The kit includes various sample accessories and spare parts, as well as a membrane and clamp for sealed operation. Requires Environmental Controller (sold separately).

PolyHeaterTM The PolyHeater is a modular heating stage designed specifically for high temperature polymer studies from ambient to 300°C in air or a controllable gaseous environment. It supports samples up to 20mm in diameter. The kit includes various sample accessories, as well as a membrane and clamp for sealed operation. Includes the PEEK™ cantilever holder. Requires Environmental Controller (sold separately).

CoolerHeater The CoolerHeater uses a Peltier element to heat and cool samples. Temperature can be continuously controlled from -35°C to +120°C. The system includes a coolant pump for work below 0°C. It supports samples up to 15mm in diameter. The kit includes various sample accessories, as well as a membrane and clamp for sealed operation. Requires Environmental Controller (sold separately).

Humidity Sensing Cell The Humidity Sensing Cell measures humidity conditions with a sensor located within a sealed sample cell. The cell supports samples up to 30mm in diameter. In addition, a mount that surrounds the sample with a salt solution allows for humidity control. The kit includes various sample accessories, as well as a membrane and clamp for sealed operation. Requires Environmental Controller (sold separately).

Petri Dish Holder The Petri Dish Holder is a specially designed sample plate for imaging biological samples, specifically cells, cultured in a Petri dish. The kit includes an assortment of Petri dishes, a membrane that minimizes evaporation, and a magnetic clamp to secure the dish to the sample plate. The Petri Dish Holder is included with all MFP-3D-BIO™ Systems.

Petri Dish Heater The Petri Dish Heater is identical to the Petri Dish Holder for compatibility with the same models of Petri dishes, yet provides the additional capability of heating temperature-sensitive biological samples, specifically living cells, at physiologically-relevant temperatures ranging from ambient to 45°C. The kit includes an assortment of Petri dishes, a membrane that minimizes evaporation, and a magnetic clamp to secure the dish to the sample plate. Requires Environmental Controller (sold separately).

Cantilever Holder Kits

Standard Cantilever HolderThe MFP-3D standard cantilever holder is made of inert materials (PEEK and quartz) with a stainless steel clip. It supports all imaging modes including AC, Dual AC and contact mode. Compatible with both air and fluid imaging. Included with all new MFP-3D systems.

PEEK Cantilever HolderThis sealed cantilever holder is made entirely of inert materials (PEEK and quartz) preventing contamination to samples imaged in fluid. It is ideal for high temperature polymer heating, and can be used for both air and liquid imaging. Supports all imaging modes including AC, Dual AC and contact mode.

Dual Contact Cantilever HolderThis cantilever holder is made of PEEK with stainless steel clips and provides two independent electrical contacts at the clamping surface of the cantilever mount, both routed to the crosspoint switch for user access. AC, Dual AC and contact mode are supported for both air and liquid imaging.

Anasys-Ready/Custom Cantilever HolderThis cantilever holder is made of PEEK and is designed for use with the Anasys scanning thermal accessory for thermal measurements. In addition, it allows users to make up to four wire connections to their custom cantile-vers using a wire bonder. Cantilevers can be glued to a special magnetically-backed carrier with four gold pads for wirebonding to the cantilever and connecting larger wires to instrumentation. Carriers are semi-disposable. This cantilever holder is not intended for fluid or closed cell imaging.

General Materials Science Options

Variable Field Module™ The Variable Field Module (VFM) is ideal for magnetic force microscopy, electronic transport measurements, and other applications where the sample has a dependence on the applied field. The VFM applies an in-plane field exceeding ±2,500 Oe with ~3 Oe resolution. It includes non-magnetic beryllium copper clips for sample mounting. Compatible with high voltage capability.

High Voltage Option PackagesThese optional packages allow high voltage (±220V) to be applied between the tip and sample. Each package includes the HV220 Amplifier and addi-tional accessories for your specific application. Compatible with Variable Field Module, Closed Fluid Cell, PolyHeater, and Humidity Sensing Cell.

General System and Controller Options

Motorized XY StageThe Motorized XY Stage can be substituted for the manual stage micrometers, allowing for coarse sample positioning control via the MFP-3D system software.

Extended HeadThe Extended Head provides 40μm Z scan range for tall samples. Requires factory modification of MFP-3D Head.

Digital Access Module This four-BNC digital input/output module neatly plugs into the controller for applications such as photon counting, synchronization of user experiments to the AFM scan, or general purpose digital I/O control.

High Bandwidth Photodiode OptionThis option upgrades vertical and horizontal signal detection bandwidth to >5MHz. The high bandwidth signal is available on two coaxial connectors for external measurement.

BioHeater, iDrive, MFP-3D, MFP-3D-BIO, ORCA, Dual AC, PolyHeater, SmartStart, Variable Field Module are trademarks of Asylum Research. NANOSENSORS is a trademark of NanoWorld AG. PEEK is a trademark of Victrex. ThermaLever is a trademark of Anasys Instruments. Specifications are subject to change.

Imaging Accessories

Applications KitsA variety of pre-assembled application kits are available. They contain a sample, cantilevers, and instructions for performing a particular experiment such as phase imaging of a polymer sample or imaging of DNA.

CantileversAsylum Research is an official reseller of Olympus, SmartTip, NANOSENSORSTM, and NanoWorld cantilevers. We also provide our own Asylum MFM and iDrive cantilevers. See our Cantilever Price Guide for a complete list of models.

MFP-3D Leg ExtendersThe MFP-3D Leg Extenders raise the scan head to allow imaging of taller samples between 7mm and 22mm in height.

Sample HoldersA variety of sample holders is available to mount samples. These include SEM mounts, cover slips, conductive sample mounts for ORCA, etc. See our Sample Mounts Data Sheet for a complete list of models.

Vibration IsolationContact Asylum Research or visit our website for complete specifications.

For Stand Alone Configurations• AEK2002 Acoustic Isolation Hood.

• TS-150 Herzan Table Stable. Active isolation begins at 0.7Hz and increases rapidly to 40dB at 10Hz. Auto-leveling capability provides ease of use. Maximum load 242 lbs.

For Inverted Optical (MFP-3D-BIO) Configurations• TS-140 Herzan Table Stable (not pictured). Active isolation begins at

0.7Hz and increases rapidly to 40dB at 10Hz. Maximum load 220 lbs. TS-300 also available for heavier systems.

• BCH-45 Large Acoustic Isolation Hood (also available with temperature control).

Ask us for the related data sheets or visit our web site for more detailed information on any of the MFP-3D options presented here.

6310 Hollister Ave.Santa Barbara, CA 93117

voice: 805-696-6466 fax: 805-696-6444 toll free: 888-472-2795

[email protected]

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Asylum Research User Bibliography as of 1-29-2010 Preparation and Characteristics of GaN Films on Freestanding CVD Thick Diamond Films Zhang Dong, Bai Yi-Zhen, Qin Fu-Wen, Bian Ji-Ming, Jia Fu-Chao, Wu Zhan-Ling, Zhao Ji-Jun and Jiang Xin Chinese Physics Letters, vol. (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/27/1/018102 Diamond turning and soft lithography processes for liquid tunable lenses H M Leung, G Zhou, H Yu, F S Chau and A S Kumar Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 20 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/20/2/025021 Thermal Effects Induced Lateral Head Shift of Thermal Flying Height Control Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Head Y J Chen, S H Leong, T L Huang, H W Ho, V Ng and J C H Phang Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 43 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/43/3/035001 Optical Emission and its Decay Time of Type-II InP/GaAs Quantum Dots P F Gomes, M P F de Godoy, G O Dias, F Iikawa, M J S P Brasil, M A Cotta and J R Madureira Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 43 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/43/4/045303 Fullerene Monolayer Formation by Spray Coating J Cervenka and C F J Flipse Nanotechnology, vol. 21 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/6/065302 Soft-contact Imaging in Liquid with Frequency-modulation Torsion Resonance Mode Atomic Force Microscopy Chih-Wen Yang and Ing-Shouh Hwang Nanotechnology, vol. 21 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/6/065710 Molecular-receptor-specific, Non-toxic, Near-infrared-emitting Au Cluster-protein Nanoconjugates for Targeted Cancer Imaging Archana Retnakumari, Sonali Setua, Deepthy Menon, Prasanth Ravindran, Habeeb Muhammed, Thalappil Pradeep, Shantikumar Naiz and Manzoor Koyakutty Nanotechnology, vol. 21 (2010) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/5/055103 Measured Long-range Repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz Forces J. N. Munday, Federico Capasso, V. Adrian Parsegian Nature, vol. 457, 170-173, (2009) DOI: 10.1038/nature07610 Manipulation and Charge Determination of Proteins in Photopatterned Solid Supported Bilayers X Han, M R CHeetham, K Sheikh, P D Olmsted, R J Bushby, S D Evans Integrative Biology, vol. 1, 205-211, (2009) DOI: 10.1039/b815601h

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Development of an Automation Technique for the Establishment of Functional Lipid Bilayer Arrays J S Hansen, M Perry, J Vogel, T Vissing, C R Hansen, O Geschke, J Emneus, C H Nielsen Journal of Micromechanics & Microengineering, vol. 19 (2009) DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/19/2/025014 The Role of Mesoscopic PCBM Crystallites in Solvent Vapor Annealed Copolymer Solar Cells T A Bull, L S C Pingree, S A Jenekhe, D S Ginger, C K Luscombe ACS Nano, vol. 3, 627-636, (2009) DOI: 10.1021/nn800878c Interactions Between Polycationic and Polyanionic Layers: Changes in Rigidity, Charge and Adsorption Kinetics A K Dutta, G Belfort Sensors & Actuators B (Chemical), vol. 136, 60-65, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.10.063 Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Ambient Environments Utilizing Robust Feedback Tuning J I Kilpatrick, A Gannepalli, J P Cleveland, S P Jarvis Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, 023701, (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3073964 Morphological Analysis of the Antimicrobial Action of Nitric Oxide on Gram-negative Pathogens Using Atomic Force Microscopy S M Deupree, M H Schoenfisch Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 5, 1405-1415, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.025 Membrane Activity of a C-reactive Protein J M Harrington, H T CHo, T Gutsmann, C Gelhaus, H Stahlberg, M Leippe, P B Armstrong FEBS Letters, vol. 583, 1001-1005, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.019 Deformation and Hyperfine Structures of Dendrimers Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy C J Fleming, Y X Liu, Z Deng, G Y Liu Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 113, 4168-4174, (2009) DOI: 10.1021/jp810535g Scanning Probe Charge Reading of Ferroelectric Domains B M Kim, D E Adams, Q Tran, Q Ma, V Rao Applied Physics Letters, vol. 94, 063105, (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3081020 Surface Elasticity and Charge Concentration-dependent Endothelial Cell Attachment to Copolymer Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel S Kim, A E English, K D Kihm Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 5, 144-151, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.07.033 A Freestanding Membrane of Highly Ordered Anodic ZrO2 Nanotube Arrays Y Shin, S Lee Nanotechnology, vol. 20, 105301, (2009) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/10/105301

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Resistivity Percolation of Co-Sputtered Amorphous Si/Ti Films G Lewis, Z Moktadir, M Kraft, L Jiang Materials Letters, vol. 63, 215-217, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.09.061 Single Ferroelectric Domain Nucleation and Growth Monitored by High Speed Piezoforce Microscopy N A Polomoff, R Nath, J L Bosse, B D Huey Journal of Vacuum Science Technology, vol. 27, 1011-1013, (2009) DOI: 10.1116/1.3077485 Bimodal Magnetic Force Microscopy: Separation of Short and Long Range Forces J W Li, J P Cleveland, R Proksch Applied Physics Letters, vol. 94, 163118, (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3126521 Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy on Active Organic Electronic Devices L S C Pingree, O G Reid, D S Ginger Advanced Materials, vol. 21, 19-28, (2009) DOI: 10.1002/adma.200801466 Combining Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopy for Analysis of Quantum-Dot Labeled Protein–DNA Complexes Y Ebenstein, N Gassman, S Kim, S Weiss Journal of Molecular Recognition, 1-6, (2009) DOI: 10.1002/jmr.956 On the Mechanical Stability of Polymeric Microcontainers Functionalized with Nanoparticles M F Bedard, A Munoz-Javier, R Mueller, P del Pino, A Fery, W J Parak, A G Skirtach, G B Sukhorukov Soft Matter, vol. 5, 148-155, (2009) DOI: 10.1039/b812553h Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for FRET-based Monitoring of a Single Biological Nanomotor FoF1-ATP Synthase M Borsch, R Reuter, G Balasubramanian, R Erdmann, F Jelezko, J Wrachtrup, (2009) Textural Guidance Cues for Controlling Process Outgrowth of Mammalian Neurons J N Hanson, M J Motala, M L Heien, M Gillette, J Sweedlerb, Ra G Nuzzo Lab on a Chip, vol. 9, 122-131, (2009) DOI: 10.1039/b803595d Microstructure and Optical Properties of Chromium Containing Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Thin Films (a-C:H/Cr) H Y Cheng, W Y Wu, J M Ting Thin Solid Films, vol. 517, 4724-4727, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.095 Interaction Force Between an Air Bubble and a Hydrophilic Spherical Particle in Water, Measured by the Colloid Probe Technique A H Englert, M Krasowska, D Fornasiero, J Ralston, J Rubio International Journal of Mineral Processing, vol. 92, 121-127, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.03.003

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Measurement of Interfiber Friction Force for Pulp Fibers by Atomic Force Microscopy F Huang, K Li, A Kulachenko Journal of Materials Science, vol. 44, 3770-3776, (2009) DOI: 10.1007/s10853-009-3506-8 Magnesium-sputtered Titanium for the Formation of Bioactive Coatings S Ibasco, F Tamimi, R Meszaros, D Le Nihouannen, S Vengallatore, E Harvey, J E Barralet Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 5, 2338-2347, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.03.006 The Dispersion of SWCNT Bundles on Interaction with p-Terphenyl T G Hedderman, A S Mostaert, A E Shanahan, H J Byrne New Carbon Materials, vol. 24, 73-82, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(08)60038-4 The Effect of Porogen Loading on the Stiffness and Fracture Energy of Brittle Organosilicates H Li, Y Lin, T Y Tsui, J J Vlassak Journal of Materials Research, vol. 24, 107-116, (2009) DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2009.0005 Simple Fabrication of a Smart Microarray of Polystyrene Microbeads for Immunoassay J Lee, O Kim, J Jung, K Na, P Heo, J Hyun Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 72, 173-180, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.03.031 AFM for Analysis of Structure and Dynamics of DNA and Protein–DNA Complexes Y L Lyubchenko, L S Shlyakhtenko Methods, vol. 47, 206-213, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2008.09.002 Determining the Elastic Modulus and Hardness of an Ultra-thin Film on a Substrate using Nanoindentation H Li, J J Vlassak Journal of Materials Research, vol. 24, 1114-1126, (2009) DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2009.0144 Atomic Force Microscopy Spring Constant Determination in Viscous Liquids T Pirzer, T Hugel Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, 035110, (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3100258 In Vivo Carbon Nanotube-enhanced Non-invasive Photoacoustic Mapping of the Sentinel Lymph Node M Pramanik, K H Song, M Swierczewska, D Green, B Sitharaman, L V Wang Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 54, 3291-3301, (2009) DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/11/001 The Interaction Between Water-insoluble Pentosan and Gluten of the Whole Wheat F M Ma, Z Wang, S Y Xu, R R Lu European Food Research and Technology, vol. 229, 231-238, (2009) DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1041-0

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Electrostatic Properties of N-Acetyl-Cysteine-Coated Gold Surfaces Interacting with TiO2 Surfaces J W Park Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, vol. 30, 902-906, (2009) Ultrastructure of Ulvan: A Polysaccharide from Green Seaweeds A Robic, C Gaillard, J F Sassi, Y Lerat, M Lahaye Biopolymers, vol. 91, 652-664, (2009) DOI: 10.1002/bip.21195 Accurate Noncontact Calibration of Colloidal Probe Sensitivities in Atomic Force Microscopy K H Chung, G A Shaw, J R Pratt Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, 065107, (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3152335 Development of an Atomic Force Microscope Closed Fluidcell for Tribological Investigations of Large Samples in Chemically Aggressive Environments I C Gebeshuber, D Holzer, R Goschke, F Aumayr, H Störi Journal of Engineering Tribology (Proc. IMechE), vol. 223, 759-765, (2009) DOI: 10.1243/13506501JET539 Quantum Dots Light up Individual DNA Binding Proteins Nanowerk, vol. 0, Online, (2009) Imaging the Evolution of Nanoscale Photocurrent Collection and Transport Networks during Annealing of Polythiophene/Fullerene Solar Cells L S C Pingree, O G Reid, D S Ginger Nano Letters, vol. 9, 2946-2952, (2009) DOI: 10.1021/nl901358v Placement and Orientation of Individual DNA Shapes on Lithographically Patterned Surfaces R J Kershner, L D Bozano, C M Micheel, A M Hung, A R Fornof, J N CHa, C T Rettner, M Bersani, J Frommer, P W K Rothemund, G M Wallraff Nature Nanotechnology Letters, vol. (2009) DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2009.220 High-speed Tracking of Rupture and Clustering in Freely Falling Granular Streams J R Royer, D J Evans, L Oyarte, Q Guo, E Kapit, M E Mobius, S R Waitukaitis, H M Jaeger Nature, vol. 459, 1110-1113, (2009) DOI: 10.1038/nature08115 Plasma induced patterning of polydimethylsiloxane surfaces S Hsieh, Y Cheng, C Hsieh, Y Liu Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 156, 18, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2008.10.036 Protection Mechanisms of the Iron-plated Armor of a Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod Haimin Yaoa, Ming Daoa, Timothy Imholtb, Jamie Huanga, Kevin Wheelera, Alejandro Bonillac, Subra Suresha, and Christine Ortiz PNAS, vol. 107, 987-992, (2009) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912988107

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Absolute Quantitation of Bacterial Biofilm Adhesion and Viscoelasticity by Microbead Force Spectroscopy Peter C. Y. Lau, John R. Dutcher, Terry J. Beveridge, and Joseph S. Lam Biophysical Journal, vol. 96, 2935–2948, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3943 Quantitative Study of the Gold-Enhanced Fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals as a Function of Distance Using an AFM Probe Sang Yun Lee, Kouta Nakaya, Tomohiro Hayashi, and Masahiko Hara Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 11, 4403–4409, (2009) DOI: 10.1039/b819903e Functional Recognition Imaging Using Artificial Neural Networks: Applications to Rapid Cellular Identification via Broadband Electromechanical Response M P Nikiforov, V V Reukov, G L Thompson, A A Vertegel, S Guo, S V Kalinin, and S Jesse Nanotechnology, vol. 20 (2009) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/40/405708 A One-step Process for Localized Surface Texturing and Conductivity Enhancement in Organic Solar Cells A. M. Zaniewski, M. Loster, and A. Zettl Applied Physics Letters, vol. 95 (2009) DOI: 10.1063/1.3223624 Local Polarization Dynamics in Chemical Solution Deposited PZT Capacitors by Switching Spectroscopy PFM K Seal, P Bintachitt, S Jesse, A Morozovska, A P Baddorf, S Trolier-McKinstry, S V Kalinin Applications of Ferroelectrics, 2008. IEEE International Symposium, 1-4, (2008) DOI: 10.1109/ISAF.2008.4688110 Magnetic Force Microscopy of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles S Schreiber, M Savla, D V Pelekhov, D F Iscru, C Selcu, P C Hammel, G Agarwal Small Journal, vol. 4, 270-278, (2008) DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700116 Interaction between Dendrons Directly Studied by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy W Shi, Y Zhang, C Liu, Z Wang, X Zhang Langmuir, vol. 24, 1318-1323, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/la701784b Piezoelectric Potential Output from ZnO Nanowire Functionalized with p-Type Oligomer J Song, X Wang, J Liu, H Liu, Y Li, Z L Wang Nano Letters, vol. 8, 203-207, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/nl072440 Direct Measurement of Periodic Electric Forces in Liquids B J Rodriguez, S Jesse, K Seal, A P Baddorf, S V Kalinin Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 103, 014306, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2817477 Effects of Multiple-Bond Ruptures in Force Spectroscopy Measurements of Interactions between Fullerene C60 Molecules in Water C Gu, A Kirkpatrick, C Ray, S Guo, B B Akhremitchev Journal of Physical Chemistry, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/jp709593c

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Routine Femtogram-Level Chemical Analyses Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Self-Cleaning Scanning Probe Microscopy Tips K Park, J Lee, R Bhargava, W P King Analytical Chemistry, A-G, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/ac702423c Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dot Electroluminescence: Ligands and Light-Emitting Diodes A M Munro, J A Bardecker, M S Liu, Y J Cheng, Y H Niu, I J La Plante, A K Y Jen, D S Ginger Microchim Acta, vol. 160, 345-350, (2008) DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0770-7 Metal Oxide Films Produced by Polymer-Assisted Deposition (PAD) for Nuclear Science Applications M A Garcia, M N Ali, T Parsons-Moss, P D Ashby, H Nitsche Thin Solid Films, vol. 516, 6261-6265, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.127 Large-scale Ultraflat Nanopatterned Surfaces Without Template Residues B Jung and W Frey Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 145303, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/14/145303 Surface Elastic Properties of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Melanosomes S Guo, L Hong, B Akhremitchev, J D Simon Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 84, 671-678, (2008) DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00331.x Effects of Hydration on the Mechanical Response of Individual Collagen Fibrils C A Grant, D J Brockwell, S E Radford, N H Thomson Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, 1 - 3, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2937001 Nanoscale Imaging Magnetometry with Diamond Spins Under Ambient Conditions G Balasubramanian, I Y Chan, R Kolesov, M Al-Hmoud, J Tisler, C Shin, C Kim, A Wojcik, P R Hemmer, A Krueger, T Hanke, A Leitenstorfer, R Bratschitsch, F Jelezko, J Wrachtrup Nature Nanotechnology Letters, vol. 455, 648-652, (2008) DOI: 10.1038/nature07278 Localized Electroporation and Molecular Delivery into Single Living Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy D Nawarathna, K Unal, H K Wickramasinghe Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, 153111, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2981568 High Speed Piezoresponse Force Microscopy: <1 Frame per Second Nanoscale Imaging R Nath,Y H Chu, N A Polomoff, R Ramesh, B D Huey Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, 072905-1 - 072905-3, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2969045 Intermediate Filament-like Proteins in Bacteria and a Cytoskeletal Function in Streptomyces S Bagchi, H Tomenius, L M Belova, N Ausmees Molecular Microbiology , vol. 70, 1037-1050, (2008) DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06473.x

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Feed-forward Compensation of Surface Potential in Atomic Force Microscopy D Ziegler, N Naujoks, A Stemmer Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 79, 063704-1 063704-4, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2947740 Nanoscale Doping Fluctuation Resolved by Electrostatic Force Microscopy via the Effect of Surface Band Bending S C Chin, Y C Chang, C S Chang, W Y Woon, L T Lin, H J Tao Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, 253102, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.3050521 Reactivity of Ozone with Solid Potassium Iodide Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy M A Brown, P D Ashby, D F Ogletree, M Salmeron, J C Hemminger Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 112, 8110-8113, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/jp801620w Could it be a Small World After All? N Blow Nature, vol. 452, 901-904, (2008) Quantifying Size Distributions of Nanolipoprotein Particles with Single-particle Analysis and Molecular Dynamic Simulations C D Blanchette, R Law, W H Benner, J B Pesavento, J A Cappuccio, V Walsworth, E A Kuhn, M Corzett, B A Chromy, B W Segelke, M A Coleman, G Bench, P D Hoeprich, T A Sulchek Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 49, 1420-1430, (2008) DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M700586-JLR200 In Situ Friction Measurement on Murine Cartilage by Atomic Force Microscopy J M Coles, J J Blum, G D Jay, E M Darling, F Guilak, S Zauscher Journal of Biomechanicals, vol. 41, 541-548, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.10.013 Birefringence in Spin-coated Films Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals E D Cranston, D G Gray Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 325, 44-51, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.04.042 Visual Force Sensing with Flexible Nanowire Buckling Springs V V Dobrokhotov, M Y Yazdanpanah, S Pabba, A Safir, R W Cohn Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 035501, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/03/035502 Periodically Arranged Interactions within the Myosin Filament Backbone Revealed by Mechanical Unzipping B Decker, M S Z Kellermayer Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 377, 307-310, (2008) Evaporative Cooling of Sessile Water Microdrops Measured with Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers D S Golovko, P Bonanno, S Lorenzoni, F Stefani, R Raiteri, E Bonaccurso Journal of Micromechanics & Microengineering, vol. 18, 095026, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/18/9/095026

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Heavy-ion Irradiation of Thulium(III) Oxide Targets Prepared by Polymer-assisted Deposition M A Garcia, M N Ali, N N Chang, T Parsons-Moss, P D Ashby, J M Gates, L Stavsetra, K E Gregorich, H Nitsche Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, vol. 592, 483-485, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.077 High-efficiency DNA Injection into a Single Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell using a Nanoneedle and Atomic Force Microscopy S W Han, C Nakamura, N Kotobuki, I Obataya, H Ohgushi, T Nagamune, J Miyake Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, vol. 4, 215-225, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.03.005 The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factor Trehalose Dimycolate Imparts Desiccation Resistance to Model Mycobacterial Membranes C W Harland, D Rabuka, C R Bertozzi, R Parthasarathy Biophysical Journal, vol. 94, 4718-4924, (2008) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.125542 The Effect of Surface Treatment and Slime Coatings on ZnS Hydrophobicity M E Holuszko, J P Franzidis, E V Manlapig, M A Hampton, B.C Donose, A V Nguye Minerals Engineering, vol. 21, 958-966, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.03.006 Flow Modulation Epitaxy of ZnO Films on Sapphire Substrates H Huang, W Y Jiang, S P Watkins Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 310, 4050-4053, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.073 Oriented Epitaxial Growth of Amyloid Fibrils of the N27C Mutant B25–35 Peptide A Karsai, U Murvai, K Soos, B Penke, M S Z Kellermayer European Biophysical Journal, vol. 37, 1133-1137, (2008) DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0253-0 Asymptotic Structure of Charged Colloids Between Two and Three Dimensions: the Influence of Salt S H L Klapp, S Grandner, Y Zeng, R von Klitzing Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 20, 494232, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/49/494232 Facile Conjugation of Biomolecules onto Surfaces via Mussel Adhesive Protein Inspired Coatings H Lee, J Rho, P B Messersmith Advanced Materials, vol. 20 (2008) DOI: 10.1002/adma.200801222 Optimal Model Matching Design for High Bandwidth, High Resolution Positioning in AFM C Lee, S Salapaka Proceedings of the 17th World Congress The International Federation of Automatic Control, 9230-9235, (2008) DOI: 10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.1811 Detection of Bacillus globigii Spores Using a Fourier Transform Infrared–Attenuated Total Reflection Method H Li, C P Tripp Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 62, 963-967, (2008)

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Softening of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Inhibition of Myosin II J C Martens, M Radmacher European Journal of Physiology, vol. 456, 95-100, (2008) DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0419-8 Interchromatidal Central Ridge and Transversal Symmetry in Early Metaphasic Human Chromosome One O Arguello-Miranda, G Saenz-Arce Journal of Molecular Recognition, vol. 21, 184-189, (2008) DOI: 10.1002/jmr.884 In situ Imaging of Pea Starch in Seeds M L Parker, A R Kirby, V J Morris Food Biophysics, vol. 3, 66-76, (2008) DOI: 10.1007/s11483-007-9050-7 Mechanical Properties of Alkanethiol Monolayers Studied by Force Spectroscopy G Oncins, C Vericat, F Sanz Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 128, 044701, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2813434 Use of Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Correlative Studies of Bacterial Capsules O Stukalov, A Korenevsky, T J Beveridge, J R Dutcher Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 74, 5457-5465, (2008) DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02075-07 Integrating Experimental and Simulation Length and Time Scales in Mechanistic Studies of Friction W G Sawyer, S S Perry, S R Phillpot, S B Sinnott Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 20, 354012, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/35/354012 Modeling of Force-volume Images in Atomic Force Microscopy C Soussen, D Brie, F Gaboriaud, C Kessler IEEE, 1605-1608, (2008) Measurement of Interaction Forces Between Fibrinogen Coated Probes and Mica Surface with the Atomic Force Microscope: The pH and Ionic Strength Effect T S Tsapikouni, S Allen, Y F Missirlis Biointerphase, vol. 3, 1-8, (2008) DOI: 10.1116/1.2840052 Nanoparticle-Textured Surfaces from Spin Coating R A Weiss, X Zhai, A V Dobrynin Langmuir, vol. 24, 5218-5220, (2008) DOI: 10.1021/la8001509 Gigahertz Surface Acoustic Wave Generation on ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering on III-V Semiconductor Substrates Q J Wang, C Pflügl, W F Andress, D Ham, F Capasso, M Yamanishi Journal of Vacuum Science Technology, vol. 26, 1848-1851, (2008) DOI: 10.1116/1.2993176

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Variations in Properties of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers Fashioned from the Same Wafer G B Webber, G W Stevens, F Grieser, R R Dagastine, D Y C Chan Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 102709, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105709 The Interfacial Behaviour of Single Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Chains as a Function of pH Z Zhang, M R Tomlinson, R Golestanian, M Geoghegan Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 035505, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/03/035505 Ultrasharp and High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanotube Atomic Force Microscopy Probes for Enhanced Surface Potential Imaging M Zhao, V Sharma, H Wei, R R Birge, J A Stuart, F Papadimitrakopoulos, B D Huey Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 235704, (2008) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235704 Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of the Interfacial Nanobubbles X H Zhang Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 10, 6842-6848, (2008) DOI: 10.1039/b810587a Single-Molecule Atomic Force Spectroscopy Reveals that DnaD Forms Scaffolds and Enhances Duplex Melting W Zhang, C Machón, A Orta, N Phillips, C J Roberts, S Allen, P Soultanas Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 377, 706-714, (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.01.067 Micro- and Nanostructuring of Freestanding, Biodegradable, Thin Sheets of chitosan via soft lithography J G Fernandez, C A Mills, E Martinez, M J Lopez-Bosque, X Sisquella, A Errachid, J Samitier Journal of Biomedical Material Research A, vol. 85, 242-247, (2008) DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31561 Parametrically Coupled Multiharmonic Force Imaging M K Abak, O Aktas, R Mammadov, I Gursel, A Dana Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, 223113, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2940304 High Mobility Indium Free Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors E M C Fortunato, L M N Pereira, P M C Barquinha, A M Botelho do Rego, G Gonçalves, A Vilà, J R Morante, R F P Martins Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, 222103, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2937473 Orientation-dependent Conductance Study of Pentacene Nanocrystals by Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy W S Hu, Y T Tao, Y F Chen, C S Chang Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, 053304, (2008) DOI: 10.1063/1.2960343 Cationic Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals M Hasani, E D Cranston, G Westman, D G Gray Soft Matter, vol. 4, 2238-2244, (2008)

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Beneficial Characteristics of Mechanically Functional Amyloid Fibrils Evolutionarily Preserved in Natural Adhesives A S Mostaert and S P Jarvis Nanotechnology, vol. 18, 044010, (2007) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/4/044010 Dynamics of Synaptic SfiI-DNA Complex: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Analysis M A Karymov, A V Krasnoslobodtsev, Y L Lyubchenko Biophysical Journal, vol. 92, 3241-3250, (2007) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.095778 Correction of Systematic Errors in Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy with Polymeric Tethers by Atomic Force Microscopy C Ray, J R Brown, B B Akhremitchev Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 111, 1963-1974, (2007) DOI: 10.1021/jp065530h Protective Coatings on Extensible Biofibres N Holten-Andersen, G E Fantner, S Hohlbauch, J H Waite, F W Zok Nature Materials, 1-4, (2007) DOI: 10.1038/nmat1956 The Band Excitation Method in Scanning Probe Microscopy for Rapid Mapping of Energy Dissipation on the Nanoscale S Jesse, S V Kalinin, R Proksch, A P Baddorf, B J Rodriguez Nanotechnology, vol. 18, 435503, (2007) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/43/435503 Cantilever Dynamics and Quality Factor Control in AC mode AFM Height Measurements L Chen, X Yu, D Wang Ultramicroscopy, vol. 107, 275-280, (2007) DOI: 10.1016j.ultramic.2006.06.006 Force Sensing for the Identification of Single-Cell Microorganisms A S Lee, M Mahapatro, A A G Requicha, M E Thompson, C Zhou Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, 1-4, (2007) Self-assembled-monolayer-modified Silicon Substrate to Enhance the Sensitivity of Peptide Detection for AP-MALDI Mass Spectrometry S Hsieh, H Y Ku, Y T Ke, H F Wu Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol. (2007) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1261 Temperature and pH-Responsive Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions D Wang and L Chen Nano Letters, vol. 7, 1480-1484, (2007) DOI: 10.1021/nl070172v Reduction of the Contact Resistance by Doping in Pentacene few Monolayers Thin Film Transistors and Self-Assembled Nanocrystals C Vanoni, S Tsujino, T A Jung Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, 193119-1-3, (2007) DOI: 10.1063/1.2738382

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Fabrication, Dynamics, and Electrical Properties of Insulated Scanning Probe Microscopy Probes for Electrical and Electromechanical Imaging in Liquids B J Rodriguez, S Jesse, K Seal, A P Baddorf, S V Kalinin, P D Rack Applied Physics Letters, vol. 91, 093130, (2007) DOI: 10.1063/1.2778762 Variably Elastic Hydrogel Patterned via Capillary Action in Microchannels R Dong, T W Jensen, K Engberg, R G Nuzzo, D E Leckband Langmuir, vol. 23, 1483-1488, (2007) DOI: 10.1021/la0627381 Contact Potential Measurement Using a Heated Atomic Force Microscope Tip J L Remmert, Y Wu, J Lee, M A Shannon, W P King Applied Physics Letters, vol. 91, 143111, (2007) DOI: 10.1063/1.2789927 Microcantilever Actuation via Periodic Internal Heating J Lee and W P King Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 78, 126102, (2007) DOI: 10.1063/1.2818805 Nanoscale Thermal Lithography by Local Polymer Decomposition Using a Heated Atomic Force Microscope Cantilever Tip Y Hua, S Saxena, C L Henderson, W P King Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, vol. 6, 023012, (2007) DOI: 10.1117/1.2743374 Peptide Ormosils as Cellular Substrates S S Jedlicka, K M Little, D E Nivens, D Zemlyanovdf, J L Rickus Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 17, 5058-5067, (2007) DOI: 10.1039/b705393b Frequency-Dependent Electrical and Thermal Response of Heated Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers K Park, J Lee, Z M Zhang, W P King Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 16, 213-222, (2007) DOI: 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.889498 Plasmon Line Widths of Single Silver Nanoprisms as a Function of Particle Size and Plasmon Peak Position K Munechika, J M Smith, Y Chen, D S Ginger Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 111, 18906-18911, (2007) DOI: 10.1021/jp076099e Nanomechanical Properties of Polymer Thin Films Measured by Force–Distance Curves B Cappella, D Silbernagl Thin Solid Films, vol. 516, 1952-1960, (2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.09.042 Nanomechanical Properties of Mechanical Double-Layers: A Novel Semiempirical Analysis B Cappella and D Silbernagl Langmuir, vol. 23, 10779-10787, (2007) DOI: 10.1021/la701234q

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Whole-Cell Sensing for a Harmful Bloom-Forming Microscopic Alga by Measuring Antibody–Antigen Forces A S Lee, M Mahapatro, D A Caron, A A G. Requicha, B A Stauffer, M E Thompson, C Zhou IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience, vol. 5, 149-156, (2006) DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2006.880767 Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Specific Adhesion between a Colloid Particle and a Living Melanoma Cell: Effect of the Charge and the Hydrophobicity of the Particle Surface C E McNamee, N Pyo, K Higashitani Biophysical Journal, vol. 91, 1960-1969, (2006) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.082420 Comparative Study of the Conditions Required to Image Live Human Epithelial and Fibroblast Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy M F Murphy, M J Lalor, F C R Manning, F Lilley, S R Crosby, C Randall, D R Burton Microscopy Research and Technique, vol. 69, 757-765, (2006) DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20339 Direct Measurement of the Lamellipodial Protrusive Force in a Migrating Cell M Prass, K Jacobson, A Mogilner, M Radmacher Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 174, 767-772, (2006) DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200601159 Nonconstant Piezo Velocity in Highly Dynamic Atomic Force Spectroscopy B Semin, S Guriyanova, E Bonaccursoa Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 77, 116107, (2006) DOI: 10.1063/1.2372738 Robust Approach to Maximize the Range and Accuracy of Force Application in Atomic Force Microscopes with Nonlinear Position-sensitive Detectors E C C M Silva and K J Van Vliet Nanotechnology, vol. 17, 5525-5530, (2006) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/038 Mechanical Properties of Pore-Spanning Lipid Bilayers Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy S Steltenkamp, M M Müller, M Deserno, C Hennesthal, C Steinem, A Janshoff Biophysical Journal, vol. 91, 217-226, (2006) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.081398 Ultrafast Molecule Sorting and Delivery by Atomic Force Microscopy K Unal, J Frommer, H K Wickramasinghe Applied Physics Letters, vol. 88, 183105, (2006) DOI: 10.1063/1.2195777 Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays Z L Wang and J Song Science, vol. 312, 242-246, (2006) DOI: 10.1126/science.1124005 Rate- and Depth-dependent Nanomechanical Behavior of Individual Living Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy M Zhao, C Srinivasan, D J Burgess, B D Huey Journal of Materials Research, vol. 21, 1906-1912, (2006) DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2006.0233

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Single-molecule Force Spectroscopy Measurements of “Hydrophobic Bond” between Tethered Hexadecane Molecules C Ray, J R Brown, B B Akhremitchev Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, 17578-17583, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/jp063517r Changes in Adsorbed Fibrinogen upon Conversion to Fibrin K M Evans-Nguyen, R R Fuierer, B D Fitchett, L R Tolles, J C Conboy, M H Schoenfisch Langmuir, vol. 22, 5115-5121, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/la053070y Cell Mechanics Using Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Single-Cell Compression V Lulevich, T Zink, H Y Chen, F T Liu, G Y Liu Langmuir, vol. 22, 8151, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/la060561p Quantifying the Elastic Deformation Behavior of Bridged Nanobelts W Mai and Z L Wang Applied Physics Letters, vol. 89, 073112, (2006) DOI: 10.1063/1.2336600 Superelasticity and Nanofracture Mechanics of ZnO Nanohelices P X Gao, W Mai, Z L Wang Nano Letters, vol. 6, 2536-2543, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/nl061943i Biochemical Functionalization of Polymeric Cell Substrata Can Alter Mechanical Compliance M T Thompson, M C Berg, I S Tobias, J A Lichter, M F Rubner, K J Van Vliet Biomacromolecules, vol. 7, 1990-1995, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/bm060146b Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals DNA Bending during Group II Intron Ribonucleoprotein Particle Integration into Double-Stranded DNA J W Noah, S Park, J T Whitt, J Perutka, W Frey, A M Lambowitz Biochemistry, vol. 45, 12424-12435, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/bi060612h Sol-Gel Derived Materials as Substrates for Neuronal Differentiation: Effects of Surface Features and Protein Conformation S S Jedlicka, J L McKenzie, S J Leavesley, K M Little, T J Webster, J P Robinson, D E Nivens, J L Rickus Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 16, 3221-3230, (2006) DOI: 10.1039/b602008a Determination of Thermomechanical Properties of a Model Polymer Blend B Cappella and S K Kaliappan Macromolecules, vol. 39, 9243-9252, (2006) DOI: 10.1021/ma061896g Explanation for the Mechanical Strength of Amyloid Fibrils T Fukuma, A S Mostaert, S P Jarvis Tribology Letters, vol. 22, 233-237, (2006) DOI: 10.1007/s11249-006-9086-8

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Label-free Visualization of Microfluidic Mixture Concentration Fields Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance (spr) Reflectance Imaging I T Kim and K D Kihm Exp. Fluids, vol. 41, 905-916, (2006) DOI: 10.1007/s00348-006-0210-1 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Prevents Fibril Formation of A-synuclein M Kobayashi, J Kim, N Kobayashi, S Han, C Nakamura, K Ikebukuro, K Sode Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 349, 1139-1144, (2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.144 Mechanical Properties of Cardiac Titin’s N2B-region by Single-molecule Atomic Force Spectroscopy M C Leake, A Grutzner , M Kruger, W A Linke Journal of Structural Biology, vol. 155, 263-272, (2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.017 Investigation of Non-DLVO Forces using an Evanescent Wave Atomic Force Microscope C T McKee Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, vol. (2006) Nanoscale Mechanical Characterisation of Amyloid Fibrils Discovered in a Natural Adhesive A S Mostaert, M J Higgins, T Fukuma, F Rindi, S P Jarvis Journal of Biological Physics, vol. 32, 393-401, (2006) DOI: 10.1007/s10867-006-9023-y Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes with Hydrophobic Parts S. Schwarz, J. Nagel, A. Janke, W. Jaeger, S. Bratskaya Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science, vol. 132, 102-109, (2006) DOI: 10.1007/2882_039 Labeling and Intracellular Tracking of Functionally Active Plasmid DNA with Semiconductor Quantum Dots C Srinivasan, J Lee, F Papadimitrakopoulos, L K Silbart, M Zhao, D J Burgess Molecular Therapy, vol. 14, 192-201, (2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.03.010 Silicon Addition to Hydroxyapatite Increases Nanoscale Electrostatic, Van Der Waals, and Adhesive Interactions J Vandiver, D Dean, N Patel, C Botelho, S Best, J D Santos, M A Lopes, W Bonfield, C Ortiz Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 78, 352-363, (2006) DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30737 Single-molecule Detection of Structural Changes During Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) Domain Activation J M Zhao, H Lee, R A Nome, Sophia Majid, N F Scherer, W D Hoff PNAS, vol. 103, 11561-11566, (2006) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601567103 Tip Steering for Fast Imaging in AFM S B Andersson and J Park American Controls Conference, vol. 4, 2469-2474, (2005)

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Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Nitride fFlms M Bereznaia, Z Tothb, A P Caricatoc, M Fernandezc, A Luchesc, G Majnid, P Menguccid, P M Nagye, A Juhasze, L Nanaif Thin Solid Films, vol. 473, 16-23, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.06.149 Unfolding and Extraction of a Transmembrane alpha-Helical Peptide: Dynamic Force Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations S Antoranz Contera, V Lemaitre, M R R de Planque, A Watts, J F Ryan Biophysical Journal, vol. 89, 3129-3140, (2005) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.061721 Application of Fluorescent Eu:Gd2O3 Nanoparticles to the Visualization of Protein Micropatterns D Dosev, M Nichkova, M Liu, B Guo, G Y Liu, Y Xia, B D Hammock, I M Kennedy Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5699, 473-481, (2005) DOI: 10.1117/12.588722 Direct Nanoscale Dehydration of Hydrogen Bonds A Fernandez Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 38, 2928-2932, (2005) DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/38/16/028 Effect of Ion-Binding and Chemical Phospholipid Structure on the Nanomechanics of Lipid Bilayers Studied by Force Spectroscopy S Garcia-Manyes, G Oncins, F Sanz Biophysical Journal, vol. 89, 1812–1826, (2005) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.064030 Stretching Single Molecules of Connective Tissue Glycans to Characterize Their Shape-Maintaining Elasticity R G Haverkamp, M A K Williams, J E Scott Biomacromolecules, vol. 6, 1816-1818, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/bm0500392 Nanomedicine and Protein Misfolding Diseases A V Kransnoslobodtsev, L S Shlyakhtenko, E Ukraintsev, T O Zaikova, J F W Keana, Y L Lyubchenko Nanomedicine, vol. 1, 300-305, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2005.10.005 Quantifying Adhesion Bond Parameters to Distinguish Interactions of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Blocks of Polystyrene-Poly-2-vinylpyridine with a Silicon Nitride Surface P Y Meadows, J E Bemis, G C Walker Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, 4136-4137, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/ja0427395 Interaction Forces and Molecular Adhesion Between Pre-Adsorbed Poly(Ethylene Imine) Layers R Pericet-Camara, G Papastavrou, S H Behrens, C A Helm, M Borkovec Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 296, 496-506, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.033

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Effective Tip Radius in Electrostatic Force Microscopy G M Sacha, A Verdaguer, J Martínez, J J Sáenz, D F Ogletree, M Salmeron Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, 123101, (2005) DOI: 10.1063/1.1884764 Sample-profile Estimate for Fast Atomic Force Microscopy S Salapaka, T De, A Sebastian Applied Physics Letters, vol. 87, 053112, (2005) DOI: 10.1063/1.2006213 Biomaterials Functionalization Using a Novel Peptide that Selectively Binds to a Conducting Polymer A B Sanghvi, K P H Miller, A M Belcher, C E Schmidt Nature Materials, vol. 4, 496-502, (2005) DOI: 10.1038/nmat1397 Tuning Compliance of Nanoscale Polyelectrolyte Multilayers to Modulate Cell Adhesion M T Thompson, M C Berg, I S Tobias, M F Rubner, K J Van Vliet Biomaterials , vol. 26, 6836-6845, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.003 Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Utilizing Silicon Nitride Probe Photoluminescence V Lulevich and W A Ducker Applied Physics Letters, vol. 87, 214107, (2005) DOI: 10.1063/1.2136216 Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polypyrrole Composite Nanocables X Liu, J Ly, S Han, D Zhang, A Requicha, M E Thompson, C Zhou Advanced Materials, vol. 17, 2727-2732, (2005) DOI: 10.1002/adma.200501211 Ferrocenylundecanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer Charging Correlates with Negative Differential Resistance Measured by Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy A V Tivanski and G C Walker Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, 7647-7653, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/ja0514491 An Atomic Force Microscope Tip as a Light Source V Lulevich, C Honig, W A Ducker Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 76, 123704, (2005) DOI: 10.1063/1.2149149 Relationship Between Scattered Intensity and Separation for Particles in an Evanescent Field C T McKee, S C Clark, J Y Walz, W A Ducker Langmuir, vol. 21, 5783, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/la046856p Single Macromolecule Nanomechanical Design: Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol) Graft Copolymers of Varying Architecture D Zhang and C Ortiz Macromolecules, vol. 38, 2535-2539, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/ma0488414

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Temperature Dependent Elastic–Plastic Behaviour of Polystyrene Studied using AFM Force–Distance Curves S K Kaliappan, B Cappella Polymer , vol. 46, 11416-11423, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.066 Initial Bioadhesion on Surfaces in the Oral Cavity Investigated by Scanning Force Microscopy N Schwender, K Huber, F Al Marrawi, M Hannig, Ch Ziegler Applied Surface Science, vol. 252, 117-122, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.02.042 Characterization of Drug Particle Surface Energetics and Young’s Modulus by Atomic Force Microscopy and Inverse Gas Chromatography M Davies, A Brindley, X Chen, M Marlow, S W Doughty, I Shrubb, C J Roberts Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 22, 1158-1166, (2005) DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-5647-z Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy: a Dynamic Measurement Technique for Biological Systems M J Higgins, C K Riener, T Uchihashi, J E Sader, R McKendry, S P Jarvis Nanotechnology, vol. 16, 585-589, (2005) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/3/016 Development of Glutathione-Coupled Cantilever for the Single-Molecule Force Measurement by Scanning Force Microscopy S H Yoshimura, H Takahashi, S Otsuka, K Takeyasu FEBS Letters, vol. 580, 3961–3965, (2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.032 Calibration of Silicon Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers C T Gibson, D A Smith, C J Roberts Nanotechnology, vol. 16, 234-238, (2005) DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/2/009 Crosslinked Polymeric Nanogel Formulations of 5′-Triphosphates of Nucleoside Analogs: Role of the Cellular Membrane in Drug Release S V Vinogradov, E Kohli, A D Zeman Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 2, 449-461, (2005) Sacrificial Bonds in Polymer Brushes from Rat Tail Tendon Functioning as Nanoscale Velcro T Gutsmann, T Hassenkam, J A Cutroni, P K Hansma Biophysical Journal, vol. 89, 536-542, (2005) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.056747 Molecular Handles for the Mechanical Manipulation of Single-Membrane Proteins in Living Cells P Gorostiza, F Tombola, A Verdaguer, S B Smith, C Bustamante, E Y Isacoff IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience, vol. 4, 269-276, (2005) DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2005.859552

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Selective Self-assembly at Room Temperature of Individual Freestanding Ag2Ga Alloy Nanoneedles M M Yazdanpanah, S A Harfenist, A Safir, R W Cohna Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 98, 073610, (2005) DOI: 10.1063/1.2060930 Self-Assembly and Cross-Linking of Bionanoparticles at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces J T Russell, Y Lin, A Boker, L Su, P Carl, H Zettl, J He, K Sill, R Tangirala, T Emrick, K Littrell, P Thiyagarajan, D Cookson, A Fery, Q Wang, T P Russell Angewandte Chemie Nanotechnology, vol. 117, 2472-2478, (2005) DOI: 10.1002/anie.200590052 Intermolecular Interactions of Polymer Molecules Determined by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy A Scherer, C Zhou, J Michaelis, C Brauchle, A Zumbusch Macromolecules, vol. 38, 9821-9825, (2005) DOI: 10.1021/ma051415d Myotubes Differentiate Optimally on Substrates with Tissue-Like Stiffness: Pathological Implications for Soft or Stiff Microenvironments A J Engler, M A Griffin, S Sen, C G Bonnemann, H L Sweeney, D E Discher Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 166, 877-887, (2004) DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200405004 An AFM Study of the Elasticity of DNA Molecules T Morii, R Mizuno, H Haruta, T Okada Thin Solid Films, vol. 464465, 456-458, (2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.06.066 Quantitative Force Measurements in Liquid Using Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy T Uchihashi, M J Higgins, S Yasuda, S P Jarvis, S Akita, Y Nakayama, J E Sader Applied Physics Letters, vol. 85, 3575-3577, (2004) DOI: 10.1063/1.1803932 Synthesis and Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Graft Copolymers of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol) D Zhang, C Ortiz Macromolecules, vol. 37, 4271-4282, (2004) DOI: 10.1021/ma035065b Young's Modulus of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers from Microcapsule Swelling O I Vinogradova, D Andrienko, V V Lulevich, S Nordschild, G B Sukhorukov Macromolecules, vol. 37, 1113-1117, (2004) DOI: 10.1021/ma0350213 Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Isolated and Aggregated Fibronectin Proteins on Negatively Charged Surfaces in Aqueous Liquids P Y Meadows, J E Bemis, G C Walker Langmuir, vol. 19, 9566-9572, (2003) DOI: 10.1021/la035217w Adhesion Forces in Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy A V Tivanski, J E Bemis, B B Akhremitchev, H Liu, G C Walker Langmuir, vol. 19, 1929-1934, (2003) DOI: 10.1021/la026555k

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Hidden Complexity in the Mechanical Properties of Titin P M Williams, S B Fowler, R B Best, J L Toca-Herrera, K A Scott, A Steward, J Clarke Nature, vol. 422, 446-449, (2003) DOI: 10.1038/nature01517 Deformation Properties of Nonadhesive Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Studied with the Atomic Force Microscope V V Lulevich, I L Radtchenko, G B Sukhorukov, O I Vinogradova Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, 2735-2740, (2003) Molecular Nanosprings in Spider Capture-Silk Threads N Becker, E Oroudjev, S Mutz, J P Cleveland, P K Hansma, C Y Hayashi, D E Makarov, H G Hansma Nature Materials, vol. 2, 278-283, (2003) DOI: 10.1038/nmat858 A Simple Method for Probing the Mechanical Unfolding Pathway of Proteins in Detail R B Best, S B Fowler, J L Toca-Herrera, J Clarke Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 99, 12143-12148, (2002) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192351899 Segmented Nanofibers of Spider Dragline Silk: Atomic Force Microscopy and Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy E Oroudjev, J Soares, S Arcidiacono, J B Thompson, S A Fossey, H G Hansma PNAS, vol. 99, 6460-6465, (2002) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.082526499 The Effect of Core Destabilisation on the Mechanical Resistance of I27 (Mechanical phenotype of destabilised I27.) D J Brockwell, G S Beddard, J Clarkson, R C Zinober, A W Blake, J Trinick, P D Olmsted, D A Smith, S E Radford Biophysical Journal, vol. 83, 458-472, (2002) Can Non-Mechanical Proteins Withstand Force? Stretching Barnase by Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation R B Best, B Li, A Steward, V Daggett, J Clarke Biophysical Journal, vol. 81, 2344-2356, (2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75881-X Surface Biology of DNA by Atomic Force Microscopy H G Hansma Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, vol. 52, 71-92, (2001) Nanoscale Mapping of Domain Distribution at LiNbO3 Surfaces by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy F Yang, K K Lee, A Doolittle, W P King Journal of Materials Research, 1-2, ()

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