““Lead the people by laws and regulate Lead the people by laws and regulate them by punishments, and the them by punishments, and the people will simply try to keep out of people will simply try to keep out of jail, but will have no sense of jail, but will have no sense of shame… Lead the people by virtue… shame… Lead the people by virtue… and they will have a sense of shame and they will have a sense of shame and moreover will become good.”and moreover will become good.”

CConfuciusonfuciusBy: Meghan

McAllary & Kate Odden

Confucius was born to a poor but noble family in Confucius was born to a poor but noble family in ancient China 551 BC, known as the Zhou times. He ancient China 551 BC, known as the Zhou times. He was a scholar, hoping to become a advisor to a local was a scholar, hoping to become a advisor to a local ruler. Confucius was one of the many who believed ruler. Confucius was one of the many who believed knew ideals would help straighten out the wars in knew ideals would help straighten out the wars in China. Through his education he became wise and China. Through his education he became wise and

gained loyal students.gained loyal students.

Confucianism

After Confucius died, his beliefs and ideals spread across the east, in what was known as Confucianism.

Confucius’s “filial piety” led to the great respect for ancestry in China. Filial piety is respect for parental figures.

Confucianism spread to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam- and eventually almost one third of the world received his influence.

GovernmentConfucius believed that all people are naturally good. He said that the best ruler was a virtuous man ‘wholed’ by example. He claimed that rulers had more than a purpose to enforce laws. They were also there to exhibit a good example for their people. Confucius advised rulers to be good people, which would make them better rulers.

EducationEducationConfucius strongly

encouraged education. He believed that it was what made men different from each other and higher than animals. He always advised rulers to seek the wisdom of educated men. Chinese strides in education

helped along by Confucius was the “road to advancement”.

The name Confucius is the

western version of the name Kong Fuzi,

or Master Kong.

The Analects

Confucius never wrote down his ideas and beliefs

After death, students collected his sayings and quotes and called it “The Analects”.

The Analects of Confucius

Confucius BeliefsConfucius Beliefs

He did not have much interest in He did not have much interest in religious matters…religious matters…

He was more concerned with worldly He was more concerned with worldly goals:goals:

-how to ensure social order-how to ensure social order-good government-good government

He learned rules of conduct through He learned rules of conduct through ancient text. ancient text.

Belief in the 5 Belief in the 5 RelationshipsRelationships

Confucius taught that when people accept Confucius taught that when people accept their place in society, there will be harmony.their place in society, there will be harmony.

He stressed 5 key relationships:He stressed 5 key relationships:

-father to son-father to son

-elder brother to younger brother-elder brother to younger brother

-husband to wife-husband to wife

-ruler to subject-ruler to subject

-friend to friend-friend to friend

He believed that none of the relationships He believed that none of the relationships were equal, except for friendship. (A son were equal, except for friendship. (A son was not equal to his father)was not equal to his father)

Additional Beliefs of Additional Beliefs of ConfuciusConfucius

Older people were superior to Older people were superior to younger ones.younger ones.

Men were superior to women.Men were superior to women. While teaching that sons should While teaching that sons should

respect their mothers, he increased respect their mothers, he increased the status of women.the status of women.

The Harsh Ideas of LegalismThe Harsh Ideas of Legalism

A Chinese philosopher called Hanfeizi had a A Chinese philosopher called Hanfeizi had a completely different school of thought from completely different school of thought from Confucius. He believed that men were naturally evil Confucius. He believed that men were naturally evil and acquired their good nature. He believed that and acquired their good nature. He believed that man’s greed was the source of all conflict and man’s greed was the source of all conflict and action. He laughed at the Confucian idea that action. He laughed at the Confucian idea that people would follow the example of a good leader. people would follow the example of a good leader. Because Hanfeizi’s ideals were based on law, they Because Hanfeizi’s ideals were based on law, they were known as Legalism. were known as Legalism.

LegalistsLegalists

Many legalists (followers of the teachings Many legalists (followers of the teachings of Hanfeizi) believed that strength, not of Hanfeizi) believed that strength, not goodness, was a ruler’s greatest virtue. goodness, was a ruler’s greatest virtue.

Many rulers during the troubled times Many rulers during the troubled times turned to Legalism instead on turned to Legalism instead on Confucianism. Then emporer Qin, a Confucianism. Then emporer Qin, a Legalist, was so cruel that many despised Legalist, was so cruel that many despised Legalism after his rule. Legalism after his rule.

Despite that fact, many of Hanfeizi’s ideas Despite that fact, many of Hanfeizi’s ideas remain in government punishments. remain in government punishments.

Works CitedWorks Cited

Muhlberger, Steve. "Muhlberger's Early History." Muhlberger, Steve. "Muhlberger's Early History." More on More on the Rectification of Namesthe Rectification of Names. 16 May. 2008. Technorati. 19 . 16 May. 2008. Technorati. 19 Nov. 2008 Nov. 2008 <http://www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/MUHLBERGER/upl<http://www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/MUHLBERGER/uploaded_images/confucius-757900.jpg>. oaded_images/confucius-757900.jpg>.

"Asian Culture and Eastern Philosophy." "Asian Culture and Eastern Philosophy." Rare Buddhist Rare Buddhist BooksBooks. . Forest Books- Online. 19 Nov. 2008 . . Forest Books- Online. 19 Nov. 2008 <http://www.forestbooks.net/Asian%20Culture%20and%20Eastern<http://www.forestbooks.net/Asian%20Culture%20and%20Eastern%20Philosophy.html>. %20Philosophy.html>.

Bristow, Michael. "The city of Qufu in China's Shandong province will Bristow, Michael. "The city of Qufu in China's Shandong province will forever be linked to its most famous son - Confucius. ." forever be linked to its most famous son - Confucius. ." China torch China torch relay: Qufurelay: Qufu. 21 July 2008. BBC NEWS . 19 November 2008 . 21 July 2008. BBC NEWS . 19 November 2008 <http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?<http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=the+Analects+of+Confucius&form=QBIR#focal=4187264347223cdq=the+Analects+of+Confucius&form=QBIR#focal=4187264347223cd48053910b63b0f850&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsimg.bbc.co.uk48053910b63b0f850&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsimg.bbc.co.uk%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F44611000%2Fjpg%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F44611000%2Fjpg%2F_44611802_qufu_confucius.jpg>. %2F_44611802_qufu_confucius.jpg>.