Lcsh
description
Transcript of Lcsh
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Library of CongressSubject Headings
(LCSH)
Maura Walsh
Adeleine Whitman
Jessica Wilson
Tania Wisotzke
Erin Wolfe
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Library of Congress (LC)• De facto National
Library• Began as
Legislative Library in 1800
• Collections totaling more than 100 million items
• Librarian of Congress appointed by President (now James H. Billington)
• Serves as:– research library
for Congress – US copyright
center– Library for all
three branches of government
– Largest public library
– Materials in over 450 languages
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LC Jefferson Building
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History of LCSHTimeline
• 1897 – LC moves to new Thomas Jefferson Building
• 1898 – LC introduces dictionary catalog; first subject headings from ALA list
• 1902 – LC begins Card Distribution Service
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LCSH Timeline• 1909 to 1914 – LC publishes Subject
Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogues of the Library of Congress
• 1975 – 8th edition (2 volumes) published under title Library of Congress Headings
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LCSH Timeline
• 1992 – Subject Authority Control Program (SACO) established
• 1998 – LCSH’s 100th Anniversary http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9808/lcsh-cel.html
• 2007 – 30th edition of LCSH published; 5 volumes contain over 280,000 subject headings
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LCSH - The Big Red Books
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What is the LCSH?
Controlled vocabularyaccess points to bibliographic records
standardized records for libraries and databases
the most widely used subject access system in the world
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What is the LCSH? (cont)
A tool to facilitate finding similar items
Concise, precise, and specificAnswers the question:
“What is this item about?”
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A stairway in the Great Hall of the Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building
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Who and Why?
• Libraries– standardization
• Catalogers and Indexers– Categorization of materials
• Researchers– all materials on a topic (BT, NT, UF)
• Patrons– way to search (cross-referencing)
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LCSH Construction
Provides three relational directions between terms (thesaurus format):
Equivalence (USE/UF)
Hierarchical (BT, NT)
Associative (RT, SA)
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LCSH Construction (cont)
Main headingtopical
form or genre
namespersonal, corporate, geographic
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LCSH Construction (cont)
Subdivisionstopical
form or document type
chronological
geographical
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LCSH Construction (cont)
Free-floating subdivisions
Pattern headings
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LCSH Construction (cont)
Syntax and form can vary greatly
Highly ordered and precise, but...User vs. consistency principles
Stability principle
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Inside the Library
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Issues
• Difficult to locate information
• No natural-language searches
• No browsing
• Slow to add/change headings
• Adaptability/Flexibility
• Bias reflected in headings
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LCSH Bias
● Cutter's Rules
● Literary Warrant
● National and international reinforcement of U.S. Status quo
● Gender/Culture/…
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Library of Congress Reading Room
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LCSH as Thesaurus
● Definition of thesaurus● a list of words or group of words that can be used
as subject headings or descriptors in a particular database, catalog, or index. …
● Controversy over hierarchy● …
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LCSH across languages
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LCSH Across Languages
● LCSH becoming internationalized
● Positive implications-global access-multilingual access
● Negative implications-English centric-Underrepresentation-SHs lacking equivilancy
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LCSH in Online CatalogsProgress
Adeleine, can you fill this in?
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Future of LCSH?
• Possibilities– Social collaboration– Tagging/folksonomies (PennTags)– Combination LCSH– Wiki use in libraries (Ohio U. library)– Natural language processing– Ontologies– Faceted Navigation