LCSC06 Biological Sciences Head & Neck 2 Oral & Pharyngeal Structures Marianne Bos-Clark MSc...
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![Page 1: LCSC06 Biological Sciences Head & Neck 2 Oral & Pharyngeal Structures Marianne Bos-Clark MSc BA(Hons) MCRSLT HPC mbosclark@marjon.ac.uk.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de55503460f94adcac0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LCSC06 Biological SciencesHead & Neck 2
Oral & Pharyngeal Structures
Marianne Bos-Clark MSc BA(Hons)MCRSLT HPC
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This session
• Oral & pharyngeal structures• Dentition• Tongue• Taste & Sensation• Tonsilar Tissue
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Oral & pharyngeal anatomy
Cavities of the oropharynx:• Oral • Nasal • Oropharynx, naso- and laryngopharynx• Pharynx
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The oral cavity Extends from oral opening (lips) to pillars of fauces at back
Teeth and alveolar ridge or maxillae make up lateral margins
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DentitionHoused in alveolar of maxillae and mandibleFunction: Mastication
Articulatory surface for speech soundsUpper and lower dental arches: equal numbers of teeth1. Incisors2. Cuspids3. Bicuspids4. Molars Each has root in gingival or gum lineCrown is visible 1/3: surface of dental enamel Heart of tooth is pulp: contains nerve supply
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Dentition
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Dentition Zsigmond system
• Upper right quadrant87654321 EDCBA
• Lower right quadrant EDCBA
87654321
• Upper left quadrant12345678ABCDE
• Lower left quadrantABCDE12345678
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Dentition
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Dentition
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Deciduous/ permanent Dentition
For development of decidious & permanent dentition, see Atkinson & McHanwell (2002) Basic Medical Science for SLT students. London:Whurr (p308)
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The hard palate•Rugae •Median raphe•Soft palate
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Soft palate •Uvula •Velum
Pillars of fauces •Anterior•Posterior
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Muscles of the velumMuscle Function
Levator veli palatine Elevator*also movement of Eustachian tube
Musculus uvulae Elevator/bunching
Tensor veli palatine Tenses and shortens
Palatoglossus Depressor
Palatopharyngeus Depressor
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The tongue
Occupies floor of mouthFunctions include:• Articulation• Mastication• Deglutition • Etc…
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The tongue• MEDIAN FIBROUS
SEPTUM• TIP or APEX• BASE OF TONGUE• DORSUM• TERMINAL SULCUS• LINGUAL PAPILLAE • LINGUAL TONSILS • INFERIOR SURFACE
– SUBLINGUAL FRENULUM
– SUBLINGUAL FOLD
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The tongue muscles and movement 1
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue Muscle Location Action CN
SUPERIOR LONGDITUDINAL
NEAR EPIGLOTTIS-SIDES OF TONGUE
WIDENS, THICKENS AND SHORTENS TONGUE TIP AND EDGES
XII
INFERIOR LONGDITUDINAL
HYOID BONE/BASE OF TONGUE-APEX OF TONGUE
WIDENS, SHORTENS, CREATES CONVEX DORSUM, DEPRESSES TIP
XII
TRANSVERSE TONGUE SEPTUM-MUCOSA AT SIDES OF TONGUE
ELONGATES, NARROWS, THICKENS, LIFTS SIDES
XII
VERTICAL SUPERIOR SURFACE-INFERIOR SURFACE
WIDENS AND FLATTENS TONGUE TIP
XII
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Intrinsic tongue muscles
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The tongue muscles and movement 2
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue: Muscle Action CN
GENIOGLOSSUSAnteriorPosterior
MANDIBLE-DORSUM + HYOID •Ant. Contraction
=retraction.•Post. Contractio=protusion
XII Hypoglossal
HYOGLOSSUS TONGUE-HYOID DEPRESSES AND RETRACTS TONGUE
XII
PALATOGLOSSUS SOFT PALATE-TONGUE
CONTRATION=ELEVATION OF BACK OF TONGUE
XI Accessory
STYLOGLOSSUS TEMPORAL BONE-SIDES OF TONGUE
CONTRACTION=UPWARDS AND BACKWARDS MOVEMENT
XII
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Extrinsic tongue muscles
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Extrinsic tongue muscles
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Therapy
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Therapy
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Therapy
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Therapy
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The tonguetaste and sensation
Taste: • Tip sweet/sour• Sides sour & salty• Posterior bitter
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Salivation
Salivary glands• Parotid• Submandibular• Sublingual
Saliva: two types of saliva• SEROUS : thin and watery• MUCOIDAL: more
viscous/sticky
Function of saliva: • DIGESTIVE• DISINFECTANT
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Tonsils 1
• Palatine tonsils• Lingual tonsils• Pharyngeal tonsils
(adenoids)
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Tonsils 2
Function: Part of limbic system/immune response• Believed to be involved in helping fight pharyngeal and
URT infection
Name Location Adenoids: pharyngeal tonsils Roof of pharynx
Palatine tonsils Sides of pharynx between faucial arches
Lingual tonsils Behind terminal sulcus (tongue)
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Nasal cavities•Nasal septum
•Turbinates
•Nares
•Paranasal air sinuses
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Paranasal Sinuses Air-filled spaces, communicating with nasal cavity within the bones of the skull and faceFunction: debated•Decrease skull weight•Increased vocal resonance•Protection •Insulation
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Eustachian tube
Location:
Function:
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The pharynx
Divided into areas:1.Oropharynx2.Nasopharynx3.Laryngopharynx
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Pharyngeal muscles
• Superior pharyngeal constrictor
• Middle pharyngeal constrictor
• Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
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Pharyngeal musculatureMuscle function Innervation
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Velopharyngeal closureReduces diameter
CN XI & X
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Reduces diameter CN XI & X
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Reduces diameter: Two parts:
CN XI & X
1. Cricopharyngeal muscle*arises from cricoid
Muscular orifice of oesophagus
2. Thyropharyngeal muscle*arises from thyroid
Salpingopharyngeus Elevates lateral pharyngeal wall CN XI & X
Stylopharyngeus Elevates pharynx CN IX
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The epiglottis
• Leaf-shaped cartilage• Attached to root
of tongue