Layout Deesign

8/3/2019 Layout Deesign

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Pipe diameter, D

Nozzle Diameter, D 1

Head Loss h L = 200 m

Z0 = 200 m

Z1 = 0 m

Pipe Length, LFriction factor, f

, P 2R

= 1000 (kg/m 3)g = 9.81 (m/s 2)P = Power Output (kW) = Angular Velocity (RPM)

U = Runner Speed (m/s)V1 = Nozzle Exit Speed (m/s)Q = Flow Rate (m 3/s)2R = Pitch Diameter (m)

V1, Q U

Dam

Pelton Wheel


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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

E f f i c i e n c y

,

Bucket Angle, (degrees)

(degrees) 1- cos 160 1.939693165 1.965926170 1.984805175 1.996195

180 2


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Typical Theoretical and experimental power and torque for a Pelton wheel turbine as a function of bucket speed.


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71 mmPlain Bearing

Generator Shaft

Pelton Bucket

120 mm

360 mm

92 mm

50 mm


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Component Selection Criteria Material Manufacturing Method SourcingPelton Bucket Corrosion resistant

High Strength Low Density

Low cost

Stainless Steel OneSteel

Piping System Resist high pressure Low roughness Corrosion resistant

Steel OneSteel

Nozzle Corrosion resistant High strength Low cost

Bunnings

Bearings

Turbine Casing


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Table 1: Mode of failure for each component

Component Mode of failure Reason Effect on the component Effect on the whole system

PeltonBucket

Fatigue fracture Cyclic pressure of water jet Water supply contains particulates

Defects on the bucket (waterdid not deflected efficiently)

Power loss

Corrosion Exposed to water and air Material used did have no

corrosion resistant

It will corrode and break Lower the efficiency of theturbine

No power generationBrittle fracture High impact of water jet

Brittle material used for thecomponent

Component will break No power generation

Nozzle Fatigue fracture Cyclic water flow rates/water jetvelocity

Variation in nozzle opening Inconsistent power generation

Brittle fracture High water pressure Fail as a nozzle which willreduce the water velocity Power loss No power generation

Generatorshaft

Bending Pelton wheel is too heavy Radial deflection on theshaft

Lower the efficiency due to frictionbetween shaft and bearing

Brittle fracture Water jet collide onto stationaryPelton wheel

Shaft will break No power generation

Pipe Buckling/Bending Poor support system for the pipingsystem

Increase the head loss Pipe break

Lower the turbine efficiency Waste water supply

Clogging Water supply contains rubbish Pipe will leak due to highpressure

Overflow water in the dam

Fatigue fracture Cyclic water pressure Leaking or loss water flowrate

Lower the efficiency of the turbine

Brittle fracture Brittle material used for thecomponents

Pipe will break No power generation

Turbinecasing

Clogging Flooding in the aquifer cause the waterto enter the casing through the tailrace

Filled with water and maycause it to yield and break

Water leak into the generator Causing the Pelton wheel to be

stationary


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Layout Deesign

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