law 4 sales (provisions)

8/7/2019 law 4 sales (provisions)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/law-4-sales-provisions 1/40

Title VI. - SALES

CHAPTER 1NATURE AND FORM OF THE CONTRACT

Art. 1458. By te !"#tr$!t "% &$le "#e "% te !"#tr$!ti#' ($rtie& ")li'$te&

i*&el% t" tr$#&%er te "+#er&i( $#, t" ,elier $ ,eter*i#$te ti#' $#,te "ter t" ($y tere%"r $ (ri!e !ert$i# i# *"#ey "r it& e/0i$le#t.

A !"#tr$!t "% &$le *$y )e $)&"l0te "r !"#,iti"#$l. 1445$2

Art. 1453. Te ti#' *0&t )e li!it $#, te e#,"r *0&t $e $ ri't t"

tr$#&%er te "+#er&i( tere"% $t te ti*e it i& ,eliere,. #2

Art. 14. A ti#' i& ,eter*i#$te +e# it i& ($rti!0l$rly ,e&i'#$te, "r

(y&i!$l &e're'$te, %r"* $ll "ter "% te &$*e !l$&&.

Te re/0i&ite t$t $ ti#' )e ,eter*i#$te i& &$ti&%ie, i% $t te ti*e te

!"#tr$!t i& e#tere, i#t" te ti#' i& !$($)le "% )ei#' *$,e ,eter*i#$te

+it"0t te #e!e&&ity "% $ #e+ "r %0rter $'ree*e#t )et+ee# te ($rtie&.

#2

Art. 141. Ti#'& $i#' $ ("te#ti$l e6i&te#!e *$y )e te ")7e!t "% te

!"#tr$!t "% &$le.

Te e%%i!$!y "% te &$le "% $ *ere "(e "r e6(e!t$#!y i& ,ee*e, &0)7e!t t"

te !"#,iti"# t$t te ti#' +ill !"*e i#t" e6i&te#!e.

Te &$le "% $ $i# "(e "r e6(e!t$#!y i& "i,. #2

Art. 14. Te '"",& +i! %"r* te &0)7e!t "% $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le *$y )e

eiter e6i&ti#' '"",& "+#e, "r ("&&e&&e, )y te &eller "r '"",& t" )e

*$#0%$!t0re, r$i&e, "r $!/0ire, )y te &eller $%ter te (er%e!ti"# "% te

!"#tr$!t "% &$le i# ti& Title !$lle, 9future goods.9

Tere *$y )e $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% '"",& +"&e $!/0i&iti"# )y te &eller

,e(e#,& 0("# $ !"#ti#'e#!y +i! *$y "r *$y #"t $((e#. #2

Art. 14:. Te &"le "+#er "% $ ti#' *$y &ell $# 0#,ii,e, i#tere&t terei#.

#2

Art. 144. I# te !$&e "% %0#'i)le '"",& tere *$y )e $ &$le "% $#

0#,ii,e, &$re "% $ &(e!i%i! *$&& t"0' te &eller (0r("rt& t" &ell $#,

te )0yer t" )0y $ ,e%i#ite #0*)er +ei't "r *e$&0re "% te '"",& i# te

*$&& $#, t"0' te #0*)er +ei't "r *e$&0re "% te '"",& i# te *$&&



i& 0#,eter*i#e,. By &0! $ &$le te )0yer )e!"*e& "+#er i# !"**"# "%

&0! $ &$re "% te *$&& $& te #0*)er +ei't "r *e$&0re )"0't )e$r&

t" te #0*)er +ei't "r *e$&0re "% te *$&&. I% te *$&& !"#t$i#& le&&

t$# te #0*)er +ei't "r *e$&0re )"0't te )0yer )e!"*e& te "+#er

"% te +"le *$&& $#, te &eller i& )"0#, t" *$;e '"", te ,e%i!ie#!y

%r"* '"",& "% te &$*e ;i#, $#, /0$lity 0#le&& $ !"#tr$ry i#te#t $((e$r&.#2

Art. 145. Ti#'& &0)7e!t t" $ re&"l0t"ry !"#,iti"# *$y )e te ")7e!t "% te

!"#tr$!t "% &$le. #2

Art. 14. I# !"#&tr0i#' $ !"#tr$!t !"#t$i#i#' (r"i&i"#& !$r$!teri&ti! "%

)"t te !"#tr$!t "% &$le $#, "% te !"#tr$!t "% $'e#!y t" &ell te e&&e#ti$l

!l$0&e& "% te +"le i#&tr0*e#t &$ll )e !"#&i,ere,. #2

Art. 14<. A !"#tr$!t %"r te ,eliery $t $ !ert$i# (ri!e "% $# $rti!le +i!

te e#,"r i# te "r,i#$ry !"0r&e "% i& )0&i#e&& *$#0%$!t0re& "r (r"!0re&

%"r te 'e#er$l *$r;et +eter te &$*e i& "# $#, $t te ti*e "r #"t i&

$ !"#tr$!t "% &$le )0t i% te '"",& $re t" )e *$#0%$!t0re, &(e!i$lly %"r te

!0&t"*er $#, 0("# i& &(e!i$l "r,er $#, #"t %"r te 'e#er$l *$r;et it i& $

!"#tr$!t %"r $ (ie!e "% +"r;. #2

Art. 148. I% te !"#&i,er$ti"# "% te !"#tr$!t !"#&i&t& ($rtly i# *"#ey

$#, ($rtly i# $#"ter ti#' te tr$#&$!ti"# &$ll )e !$r$!teri=e, )y te

*$#i%e&t i#te#ti"# "% te ($rtie&. I% &0! i#te#ti"# ,"e& #"t !le$rly $((e$r

it &$ll )e !"#&i,ere, $ )$rter i% te $l0e "% te ti#' 'ie# $& $ ($rt "%

te !"#&i,er$ti"# e6!ee,& te $*"0#t "% te *"#ey "r it& e/0i$le#t>"ter+i&e it i& $ &$le. 144$2

Art. 143. I# "r,er t$t te (ri!e *$y )e !"#&i,ere, !ert$i# it &$ll )e

&0%%i!ie#t t$t it )e &" +it re%ere#!e t" $#"ter ti#' !ert$i# "r t$t te

,eter*i#$ti"# tere"% )e le%t t" te 70,'*e#t "% $ &(e!i$l (er&"# "r

(er&"#&.

S"0l, &0! (er&"# "r (er&"#& )e 0#$)le "r 0#+illi#' t" %i6 it te !"#tr$!t

&$ll )e i#e%%i!$!i"0& 0#le&& te ($rtie& &0)&e/0e#tly $'ree 0("# te

(ri!e.

I% te tir, (er&"# "r (er&"#& $!te, i# )$, %$it "r )y *i&t$;e te !"0rt&

*$y %i6 te (ri!e.

?ere &0! tir, (er&"# "r (er&"#& $re (ree#te, %r"* %i6i#' te (ri!e "r

ter*& )y %$0lt "% te &eller "r te )0yer te ($rty #"t i# %$0lt *$y $e



&0! re*e,ie& $'$i#&t te ($rty i# %$0lt $& $re $ll"+e, te &eller "r te

)0yer $& te !$&e *$y )e. 144<$2

Art. 14<. @r"&& i#$,e/0$!y "% (ri!e ,"e& #"t $%%e!t $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le

e6!e(t $& it *$y i#,i!$te $ ,e%e!t i# te !"#&e#t "r t$t te ($rtie& re$lly

i#te#,e, $ ,"#$ti"# "r &"*e "ter $!t "r !"#tr$!t. #2

Art. 14<1. I% te (ri!e i& &i*0l$te, te &$le i& "i, )0t te $!t *$y )e

&"+# t" $e )ee# i# re$lity $ ,"#$ti"# "r &"*e "ter $!t "r !"#tr$!t.

#2

Art. 14<. Te (ri!e "% &e!0ritie& 'r$i# li/0i,& $#, "ter ti#'& &$ll $l&"

)e !"#&i,ere, !ert$i# +e# te (ri!e %i6e, i& t$t +i! te ti#' &"l,

+"0l, $e "# $ ,e%i#ite ,$y "r i# $ ($rti!0l$r e6!$#'e "r *$r;et "r

+e# $# $*"0#t i& %i6e, $)"e "r )el"+ te (ri!e "# &0! ,$y "r i# &0!

e6!$#'e "r *$r;et (r"i,e, &$i, $*"0#t )e !ert$i#. 14482

Art. 14<:. Te %i6i#' "% te (ri!e !$# #eer )e le%t t" te ,i&!reti"# "% "#e

"% te !"#tr$!ti#' ($rtie&. H"+eer i% te (ri!e %i6e, )y "#e "% te ($rtie&

i& $!!e(te, )y te "ter te &$le i& (er%e!te,. 1443$2

Art. 14<4. ?ere te (ri!e !$##"t )e ,eter*i#e, i# $!!"r,$#!e +it te

(re!e,i#' $rti!le& "r i# $#y "ter *$##er te !"#tr$!t i& i#e%%i!$!i"0&.

H"+eer i% te ti#' "r $#y ($rt tere"% $& )ee# ,eliere, t" $#,

$((r"(ri$te, )y te )0yer e *0&t ($y $ re$&"#$)le (ri!e tere%"r. ?$t i&

$ re$&"#$)le (ri!e i& $ /0e&ti"# "% %$!t ,e(e#,e#t "# te !ir!0*&t$#!e& "%

e$! ($rti!0l$r !$&e. #2

Art. 14<5. Te !"#tr$!t "% &$le i& (er%e!te, $t te *"*e#t tere i& $

*eeti#' "% *i#,& 0("# te ti#' +i! i& te ")7e!t "% te !"#tr$!t $#,

0("# te (ri!e.

Fr"* t$t *"*e#t te ($rtie& *$y re!i(r"!$lly ,e*$#, (er%"r*$#!e

&0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% te l$+ '"er#i#' te %"r* "% !"#tr$!t&.

145$2

Art. 14<. I# te !$&e "% $ &$le )y $0!ti"#

12 ?ere '"",& $re (0t 0( %"r &$le )y $0!ti"# i# l"t& e$! l"t i& te

&0)7e!t "% $ &e($r$te !"#tr$!t "% &$le.

2 A &$le )y $0!ti"# i& (er%e!te, +e# te $0!ti"#eer $##"0#!e& it&

(er%e!ti"# )y te %$ll "% te $**er "r i# "ter !0&t"*$ry *$##er.

U#til &0! $##"0#!e*e#t i& *$,e $#y )i,,er *$y retr$!t i& )i,>



$#, te $0!ti"#eer *$y +it,r$+ te '"",& %r"* te &$le 0#le&& te

$0!ti"# $& )ee# $##"0#!e, t" )e +it"0t re&ere.

:2 A ri't t" )i, *$y )e re&ere, e6(re&&ly )y "r "# )e$l% "% te

&eller 0#le&& "ter+i&e (r"i,e, )y l$+ "r )y &ti(0l$ti"#.

42 ?ere #"ti!e $& #"t )ee# 'ie# t$t $ &$le )y $0!ti"# i& &0)7e!t

t" $ ri't t" )i, "# )e$l% "% te &eller it &$ll #"t )e l$+%0l %"r te

&eller t" )i, i*&el% "r t" e*(l"y "r i#,0!e $#y (er&"# t" )i, $t &0!

&$le "# i& )e$l% "r %"r te $0!ti"#eer t" e*(l"y "r i#,0!e $#y

(er&"# t" )i, $t &0! &$le "# )e$l% "% te &eller "r ;#"+i#'ly t" t$;e

$#y )i, %r"* te &eller "r $#y (er&"# e*(l"ye, )y i*. A#y &$le

!"#tr$e#i#' ti& r0le *$y )e tre$te, $& %r$0,0le#t )y te )0yer. #2

Art. 14<<. Te "+#er&i( "% te ti#' &"l, &$ll )e tr$#&%erre, t" tee#,ee 0("# te $!t0$l "r !"#&tr0!tie ,eliery tere"%. #2

Art. 14<8. Te ($rtie& *$y &ti(0l$te t$t "+#er&i( i# te ti#' &$ll #"t

($&& t" te (0r!$&er 0#til e $& %0lly ($i, te (ri!e. #2

Art. 14<3. A (r"*i&e t" )0y $#, &ell $ ,eter*i#$te ti#' %"r $ (ri!e !ert$i#

i& re!i(r"!$lly ,e*$#,$)le.

A# $!!e(te, 0#il$ter$l (r"*i&e t" )0y "r t" &ell $ ,eter*i#$te ti#' %"r $

(ri!e !ert$i# i& )i#,i#' 0("# te (r"*i&&"r i% te (r"*i&e i& &0(("rte, )y $

!"#&i,er$ti"# ,i&ti#!t %r"* te (ri!e. 1451$2

Art. 148. A#y i#70ry t" "r )e#e%it %r"* te ti#' &"l, $%ter te !"#tr$!t

$& )ee# (er%e!te, %r"* te *"*e#t "% te (er%e!ti"# "% te !"#tr$!t t"

te ti*e "% ,eliery &$ll )e '"er#e, )y Arti!le& 11: t" 115 $#, 1.

Ti& r0le &$ll $((ly t" te &$le "% %0#'i)le ti#'& *$,e i#,e(e#,e#tly $#,

%"r $ &i#'le (ri!e "r +it"0t !"#&i,er$ti"# "% teir +ei't #0*)er "r

*e$&0re.

S"0l, %0#'i)le ti#'& )e &"l, %"r $ (ri!e %i6e, $!!"r,i#' t" +ei't

#0*)er "r *e$&0re te ri&; &$ll #"t )e i*(0te, t" te e#,ee 0#til tey

$e )ee# +ei'e, !"0#te, "r *e$&0re, $#, ,eliere, 0#le&& te l$tter$& i#!0rre, i# ,el$y. 145$2

Art. 1481. I# te !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% '"",& )y ,e&!ri(ti"# "r )y &$*(le te

!"#tr$!t *$y )e re&!i#,e, i% te )0l; "% te '"",& ,eliere, ," #"t

!"rre&("#, +it te ,e&!ri(ti"# "r te &$*(le $#, i% te !"#tr$!t )e )y

&$*(le $& +ell $& ,e&!ri(ti"# it i& #"t &0%%i!ie#t t$t te )0l; "% '"",&



!"rre&("#, +it te &$*(le i% tey ," #"t $l&" !"rre&("#, +it te

,e&!ri(ti"#.

Te )0yer &$ll $e $ re$&"#$)le "(("rt0#ity "% !"*($ri#' te )0l; +it

te ,e&!ri(ti"# "r te &$*(le. #2

Art. 148. ?e#eer e$r#e&t *"#ey i& 'ie# i# $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le it &$ll

)e !"#&i,ere, $& ($rt "% te (ri!e $#, $& (r""% "% te (er%e!ti"# "% te

!"#tr$!t. 1454$2

Art. 148:. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% te St$t0te "% Fr$0,& $#, "% $#y

"ter $((li!$)le &t$t0te $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le *$y )e *$,e i# +riti#' "r )y

+"r, "% *"0t "r ($rtly i# +riti#' $#, ($rtly )y +"r, "% *"0t "r *$y )e

i#%erre, %r"* te !"#,0!t "% te ($rtie&. #2

Art. 1484. I# $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% (er&"#$l (r"(erty te (ri!e "% +i! i&

($y$)le i# i#&t$ll*e#t& te e#,"r *$y e6er!i&e $#y "% te %"ll"+i#'

re*e,ie&

12 E6$!t %0l%ill*e#t "% te ")li'$ti"# &"0l, te e#,ee %$il t" ($y>

2 C$#!el te &$le &"0l, te e#,ee& %$il0re t" ($y !"er t+" "r

*"re i#&t$ll*e#t&>

:2 F"re!l"&e te !$ttel *"rt'$'e "# te ti#' &"l, i% "#e $& )ee#

!"#&tit0te, &"0l, te e#,ee& %$il0re t" ($y !"er t+" "r *"re

i#&t$ll*e#t&. I# ti& !$&e e &$ll $e #" %0rter $!ti"# $'$i#&t te(0r!$&er t" re!"er $#y 0#($i, )$l$#!e "% te (ri!e. A#y $'ree*e#t

t" te !"#tr$ry &$ll )e "i,. 1454-A-$2

Art. 1485. Te (re!e,i#' $rti!le &$ll )e $((lie, t" !"#tr$!t& (0r("rti#' t")e le$&e& "% (er&"#$l (r"(erty +it "(ti"# t" )0y +e# te le&&"r $&

,e(rie, te le&&ee "% te ("&&e&&i"# "r e#7"y*e#t "% te ti#'. 1454-A-$2

Art. 148. I# te !$&e re%erre, t" i# t+" (re!e,i#' $rti!le& $ &ti(0l$ti"#

t$t te i#&t$ll*e#t& "r re#t& ($i, &$ll #"t )e ret0r#e, t" te e#,ee "r

le&&ee &$ll )e $li, i#&"%$r $& te &$*e *$y #"t )e 0#!"#&!i"#$)le 0#,erte !ir!0*&t$#!e&. #2

Art. 148<. Te e6(e#&e& %"r te e6e!0ti"# $#, re'i&tr$ti"# "% te &$le &$ll

)e )"r#e )y te e#,"r 0#le&& tere i& $ &ti(0l$ti"# t" te !"#tr$ry.

1455$2



Art. 1488. Te e6(r"(ri$ti"# "% (r"(erty %"r (0)li! 0&e i& '"er#e, )y

&(e!i$l l$+&. 1452

CHAPTER

CAPACIT TO BU OR SELL

Art. 1483. All (er&"#& +" $re $0t"ri=e, i# ti& C",e t" ")li'$tete*&ele& *$y e#ter i#t" $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le &$i#' te *",i%i!$ti"#&!"#t$i#e, i# te %"ll"+i#' $rti!le&.

?ere #e!e&&$rie& $re t"&e &"l, $#, ,eliere, t" $ *i#"r "r "ter (er&"#

+it"0t !$($!ity t" $!t e *0&t ($y $ re$&"#$)le (ri!e tere%"r.

Ne!e&&$rie& $re t"&e re%erre, t" i# Arti!le 3. 145<$2

Art. 143. Te 0&)$#, $#, te +i%e !$##"t &ell (r"(erty t" e$! "ter

e6!e(t

12 ?e# $ &e($r$ti"# "% (r"(erty +$& $'ree, 0("# i# te *$rri$'e

&ettle*e#t&> "r

2 ?e# tere $& )ee# $ 70,i!i$l &e($r$ti"# "r (r"(erty 0#,er

Arti!le 131. 1458$2

Art. 1431. Te %"ll"+i#' (er&"#& !$##"t $!/0ire )y (0r!$&e ee# $t $(0)li! "r 70,i!i$l $0!ti"# eiter i# (er&"# "r tr"0' te *e,i$ti"# "%

$#"ter

12 Te '0$r,i$# te (r"(erty "% te (er&"# "r (er&"#& +" *$y )e0#,er i& '0$r,i$#&i(>

2 A'e#t& te (r"(erty +"&e $,*i#i&tr$ti"# "r &$le *$y $e

)ee# e#tr0&te, t" te* 0#le&& te !"#&e#t "% te (ri#!i($l $& )ee#

'ie#>

:2 E6e!0t"r& $#, $,*i#i&tr$t"r& te (r"(erty "% te e&t$te 0#,er

$,*i#i&tr$ti"#>

42 P0)li! "%%i!er& $#, e*(l"yee& te (r"(erty "% te St$te "r "% $#y

&0),ii&i"# tere"% "r "% $#y '"er#*e#t-"+#e, "r !"#tr"lle,

!"r("r$ti"# "r i#&tit0ti"# te $,*i#i&tr$ti"# "% +i! $& )ee#

i#tr0&te, t" te*> ti& (r"i&i"# &$ll $((ly t" 70,'e& $#,

'"er#*e#t e6(ert& +" i# $#y *$##er +$t&"eer t$;e ($rt i# te

&$le>



52 0&ti!e& 70,'e& (r"&e!0ti#' $tt"r#ey& !ler;& "% &0(eri"r $#,

i#%eri"r !"0rt& $#, "ter "%%i!er& $#, e*(l"yee& !"##e!te, +it te

$,*i#i&tr$ti"# "% 70&ti!e te (r"(erty $#, ri't& i# liti'$ti"# "r

leie, 0("# $# e6e!0ti"# )e%"re te !"0rt +iti# +"&e 70ri&,i!ti"#

"r territ"ry tey e6er!i&e teir re&(e!tie %0#!ti"#&> ti& (r"i)iti"#

i#!l0,e& te $!t "% $!/0iri#' )y $&&i'#*e#t $#, &$ll $((ly t"l$+yer& +it re&(e!t t" te (r"(erty $#, ri't& +i! *$y )e te

")7e!t "% $#y liti'$ti"# i# +i! tey *$y t$;e ($rt )y irt0e "% teir

(r"%e&&i"#.

2 A#y "ter& &(e!i$lly ,i&/0$li%ie, )y l$+. 1453$2

Art. 143. Te (r"i)iti"#& i# te t+" (re!e,i#' $rti!le& $re $((li!$)le t"&$le& i# le'$l re,e*(ti"# !"*(r"*i&e& $#, re#0#!i$ti"#&. #2

CHAPTER :

EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT?HEN THE THIN@

SOLD HAS BEEN LOST

Art. 143:. I% $t te ti*e te !"#tr$!t "% &$le i& (er%e!te, te ti#' +i! i&

te ")7e!t "% te !"#tr$!t $& )ee# e#tirely l"&t te !"#tr$!t &$ll )e+it"0t $#y e%%e!t.

B0t i% te ti#' &"0l, $e )ee# l"&t i# ($rt "#ly te e#,ee *$y !""&e

)et+ee# +it,r$+i#' %r"* te !"#tr$!t $#, ,e*$#,i#' te re*$i#i#'

($rt ($yi#' it& (ri!e i# (r"("rti"# t" te t"t$l &0* $'ree, 0("#. 14$2

Art. 1434. ?ere te ($rtie& (0r("rt $ &$le "% &(e!i%i! '"",& $#, te'"",& +it"0t te ;#"+le,'e "% te &eller $e (eri&e, i# ($rt "r $e

+"lly "r i# $ *$teri$l ($rt &" ,eteri"r$te, i# /0$lity $& t" )e &0)&t$#ti$lly

!$#'e, i# !$r$!ter te )0yer *$y $t i& "(ti"# tre$t te &$le

12 A& $"i,e,> "r

2 A& $li, i# $ll "% te e6i&ti#' '"",& "r i# &" *0! tere"% $& $e

#"t ,eteri"r$te, $#, $& )i#,i#' te )0yer t" ($y te $'ree, (ri!e %"r

te '"",& i# +i! te "+#er&i( +ill ($&& i% te &$le +$& ,ii&i)le.

#2

CHAPTER 4

OBLI@ATIONS OF THE VENDOR

SECTION 1. - @e#er$l Pr"i&i"#&



?e# '"",& $re ,eliere, t" te )0yer "# $((r"$l "r "# tri$l "r "#

&$ti&%$!ti"# "r "ter &i*il$r ter*& te "+#er&i( terei# ($&&e& t" te

)0yer

12 ?e# e &i'#i%ie& i& $((r"$l "r $!!e(t$#!e t" te &eller "r ,"e&

$#y "ter $!t $,"(ti#' te tr$#&$!ti"#>

2 I% e ,"e& #"t &i'#i%y i& $((r"$l "r $!!e(t$#!e t" te &eller )0t

ret$i#& te '"",& +it"0t 'ii#' #"ti!e "% re7e!ti"# te# i% $ ti*e

$& )ee# %i6e, %"r te ret0r# "% te '"",& "# te e6(ir$ti"# "% &0!

ti*e $#, i% #" ti*e $& )ee# %i6e, "# te e6(ir$ti"# "% $ re$&"#$)le

ti*e. ?$t i& $ re$&"#$)le ti*e i& $ /0e&ti"# "% %$!t. #2

Art. 15:. ?e# tere i& $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% &(e!i%i! '"",& te &eller*$y )y te ter*& "% te !"#tr$!t re&ere te ri't "% ("&&e&&i"# "r

"+#er&i( i# te '"",& 0#til !ert$i# !"#,iti"#& $e )ee# %0l%ille,. Te

ri't "% ("&&e&&i"# "r "+#er&i( *$y )e t0& re&ere, #"t+it&t$#,i#'te ,eliery "% te '"",& t" te )0yer "r t" $ !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee %"r te(0r("&e "% tr$#&*i&&i"# t" te )0yer.

?ere '"",& $re &i((e, $#, )y te )ill "% l$,i#' te '"",& $re

,elier$)le t" te &eller "r i& $'e#t "r t" te "r,er "% te &eller "r "% i&

$'e#t te &eller tere)y re&ere& te "+#er&i( i# te '"",&. B0t i%

e6!e(t %"r te %"r* "% te )ill "% l$,i#' te "+#er&i( +"0l, $e ($&&e,

t" te )0yer "# &i(*e#t "% te '"",& te &eller& (r"(erty i# te '"",&

&$ll )e ,ee*e, t" )e "#ly %"r te (0r("&e "% &e!0ri#' (er%"r*$#!e )y te

)0yer "% i& ")li'$ti"#& 0#,er te !"#tr$!t.

?ere '"",& $re &i((e, $#, )y te )ill "% l$,i#' te '"",& $re

,elier$)le t" "r,er "% te )0yer "r "% i& $'e#t )0t ("&&e&&i"# "% te )ill

"% l$,i#' i& ret$i#e, )y te &eller "r i& $'e#t te &eller tere)y re&ere& $

ri't t" te ("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& $& $'$i#&t te )0yer.

?ere te &eller "% '"",& ,r$+& "# te )0yer %"r te (ri!e $#, tr$#&*it&

te )ill "% e6!$#'e $#, )ill "% l$,i#' t"'eter t" te )0yer t" &e!0re

$!!e(t$#!e "r ($y*e#t "% te )ill "% e6!$#'e te )0yer i& )"0#, t" ret0r#

te )ill "% l$,i#' i% e ,"e& #"t "#"r te )ill "% e6!$#'e $#, i% e

+r"#'%0lly ret$i#& te )ill "% l$,i#' e $!/0ire& #" $,,e, ri't tere)y. I%"+eer te )ill "% l$,i#' (r"i,e& t$t te '"",& $re ,elier$)le t" te

)0yer "r t" te "r,er "% te )0yer "r i& i#,"r&e, i# )l$#; "r t" te )0yer

)y te !"#&i'#ee #$*e, terei# "#e +" (0r!$&e& i# '"", %$it %"r

$l0e te )ill "% l$,i#' "r '"",& %r"* te )0yer +ill ")t$i# te "+#er&i(

i# te '"",& $lt"0' te )ill "% e6!$#'e $& #"t )ee# "#"re, (r"i,e,

t$t &0! (0r!$&er $& re!eie, ,eliery "% te )ill "% l$,i#' i#,"r&e, )y



te !"#&i'#ee #$*e, terei# "r "% te '"",& +it"0t #"ti!e "% te %$!t&

*$;i#' te tr$#&%er +r"#'%0l. #2

Art. 154. U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, te '"",& re*$i# $t te &eller& ri&;

0#til te "+#er&i( terei# i& tr$#&%erre, t" te )0yer )0t +e# te

"+#er&i( terei# i& tr$#&%erre, t" te )0yer te '"",& $re $t te )0yer&ri&; +eter $!t0$l ,eliery $& )ee# *$,e "r #"t e6!e(t t$t

12 ?ere ,eliery "% te '"",& $& )ee# *$,e t" te )0yer "r t" $

)$ilee %"r te )0yer i# (0r&0$#!e "% te !"#tr$!t $#, te "+#er&i(

i# te '"",& $& )ee# ret$i#e, )y te &eller *erely t" &e!0re

(er%"r*$#!e )y te )0yer "% i& ")li'$ti"#& 0#,er te !"#tr$!t te

'"",& $re $t te )0yer& ri&; %r"* te ti*e "% &0! ,eliery>

2 ?ere $!t0$l ,eliery $& )ee# ,el$ye, tr"0' te %$0lt "%

eiter te )0yer "r &eller te '"",& $re $t te ri&; "% te ($rty i#

%$0lt. #2

Art. 155. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title +ere '"",& $re &"l, )y $(er&"# +" i& #"t te "+#er tere"% $#, +" ,"e& #"t &ell te* 0#,er

$0t"rity "r +it te !"#&e#t "% te "+#er te )0yer $!/0ire& #" )ettertitle t" te '"",& t$# te &eller $, 0#le&& te "+#er "% te '"",& i& )yi& !"#,0!t (re!l0,e, %r"* ,e#yi#' te &eller& $0t"rity t" &ell.

N"ti#' i# ti& Title "+eer &$ll $%%e!t

12 Te (r"i&i"#& "% $#y %$!t"r& $!t re!"r,i#' l$+& "r $#y "ter

(r"i&i"# "% l$+ e#$)li#' te $(($re#t "+#er "% '"",& t" ,i&("&e "%

te* $& i% e +ere te tr0e "+#er tere"%>

2 Te $li,ity "% $#y !"#tr$!t "% &$le 0#,er &t$t0t"ry ("+er "% &$le

"r 0#,er te "r,er "% $ !"0rt "% !"*(ete#t 70ri&,i!ti"#>

:2 P0r!$&e& *$,e i# $ *er!$#t& &t"re "r i# %$ir& "r *$r;et& i#

$!!"r,$#!e +it te C",e "% C"**er!e $#, &(e!i$l l$+&. #2

Art. 15. ?ere te &eller "% '"",& $& $ "i,$)le title teret" )0t i&

title $& #"t )ee# $"i,e, $t te ti*e "% te &$le te )0yer $!/0ire& $'"", title t" te '"",& (r"i,e, e )0y& te* i# '"", %$it %"r $l0e $#,+it"0t #"ti!e "% te &eller& ,e%e!t "% title. #2

Art. 15<. A ,"!0*e#t "% title i# +i! it i& &t$te, t$t te '"",& re%erre,

t" terei# +ill )e ,eliere, t" te )e$rer "r t" te "r,er "% $#y (er&"#

#$*e, i# &0! ,"!0*e#t i& $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title. #2



Art. 158. A #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title *$y )e #e'"ti$te, )y ,eliery

12 ?ere )y te ter*& "% te ,"!0*e#t te !$rrier +$re"0&e*$#

"r "ter )$ilee i&&0i#' te &$*e 0#,ert$;e& t" ,elier te '"",& t"

te )e$rer> "r

2 ?ere )y te ter*& "% te ,"!0*e#t te !$rrier +$re"0&e*$#

"r "ter )$ilee i&&0i#' te &$*e 0#,ert$;e& t" ,elier te '"",& t"

te "r,er "% $ &(e!i%ie, (er&"# $#, &0! (er&"# "r $ &0)&e/0e#t

e#,"r&ee "% te ,"!0*e#t $& i#,"r&e, it i# )l$#; "r t" te )e$rer.

?ere )y te ter*& "% $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title te '"",& $re,elier$)le t" )e$rer "r +ere $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title $& )ee#

i#,"r&e, i# )l$#; "r t" )e$rer $#y "l,er *$y i#,"r&e te &$*e t" i*&el% "r t" $#y &(e!i%ie, (er&"# $#, i# &0! !$&e te ,"!0*e#t &$ll tere$%ter

)e #e'"ti$te, "#ly )y te e#,"r&e*e#t "% &0! e#,"r&ee. #2

Art. 153. A #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title *$y )e #e'"ti$te, )y te

e#,"r&e*e#t "% te (er&"# t" +"&e "r,er te '"",& $re )y te ter*& "%

te ,"!0*e#t ,elier$)le. S0! e#,"r&e*e#t *$y )e i# )l$#; t" )e$rer "r

t" $ &(e!i%ie, (er&"#. I% i#,"r&e, t" $ &(e!i%ie, (er&"# it *$y )e $'$i#

#e'"ti$te, )y te e#,"r&e*e#t "% &0! (er&"# i# )l$#; t" )e$rer "r t"

$#"ter &(e!i%ie, (er&"#. S0)&e/0e#t #e'"ti$ti"#& *$y )e *$,e i# li;e

*$##er. #2

Art. 151. I% $ ,"!0*e#t "% title +i! !"#t$i#& $# 0#,ert$;i#' )y $

!$rrier +$re"0&e*$# "r "ter )$ilee t" ,elier te '"",& t" )e$rer t" $

&(e!i%ie, (er&"# "r "r,er "% $ &(e!i%ie, (er&"# "r +i! !"#t$i#& +"r,& "%

li;e i*("rt $& (l$!e, 0("# it te +"r,& "not negotiable," "non-

negotiable" "r te li;e &0! ,"!0*e#t *$y #eertele&& )e #e'"ti$te, )y

te "l,er $#, i& $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title +iti# te *e$#i#' "% ti&

Title. B0t #"ti#' i# ti& Title !"#t$i#e, &$ll )e !"#&tr0e, $& li*iti#' "r

,e%i#i#' te e%%e!t 0("# te ")li'$ti"#& "% te !$rrier +$re"0&e*$# "r

"ter )$ilee i&&0i#' $ ,"!0*e#t "% title "r (l$!i#' tere"# te +"r,& "not

negotiable,"

"non-negotiable," "r te li;e. #2

Art. 1511. A ,"!0*e#t "% title +i! i& #"t i# &0! %"r* t$t it !$# )e

#e'"ti$te, )y ,eliery *$y )e tr$#&%erre, )y te "l,er )y ,eliery t" $(0r!$&er "r ,"#ee. A #"#-#e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t !$##"t )e #e'"ti$te, $#,

te e#,"r&e*e#t "% &0! $ ,"!0*e#t 'ie& te tr$#&%eree #" $,,iti"#$l

ri't. #2

Art. 151. A #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title *$y )e #e'"ti$te,

12 By te "+#er tere%"r> "r



2 By $#y (er&"# t" +"* te ("&&e&&i"# "r !0&t",y "% te

,"!0*e#t $& )ee# e#tr0&te, )y te "+#er i% )y te ter*& "% te

,"!0*e#t te )$ilee i&&0i#' te ,"!0*e#t 0#,ert$;e& t" ,elier te

'"",& t" te "r,er "% te (er&"# t" +"* te ("&&e&&i"# "r !0&t",y

"% te ,"!0*e#t $& )ee# e#tr0&te, "r i% $t te ti*e "% &0!

e#tr0&ti#' te ,"!0*e#t i& i# &0! %"r* t$t it *$y )e #e'"ti$te, )y,eliery. #2

Art. 151:. A (er&"# t" +"* $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title $& )ee# ,0ly#e'"ti$te, $!/0ire& tere)y

12 S0! title t" te '"",& $& te (er&"# #e'"ti$ti#' te ,"!0*e#t t"

i* $, "r $, $)ility t" !"#ey t" $ (0r!$&er i# '"", %$it %"r

$l0e $#, $l&" &0! title t" te '"",& $& te (er&"# t" +"&e "r,er

te '"",& +ere t" )e ,eliere, )y te ter*& "% te ,"!0*e#t $, "r

$, $)ility t" !"#ey t" $ (0r!$&er i# '"", %$it %"r $l0e> $#,

2 Te ,ire!t ")li'$ti"# "% te )$ilee i&&0i#' te ,"!0*e#t t" "l,

("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& %"r i* $!!"r,i#' t" te ter*& "% te

,"!0*e#t $& %0lly $& i% &0! )$ilee $, !"#tr$!te, ,ire!tly +it i*.

#2

Art. 1514. A (er&"# t" +"* $ ,"!0*e#t "% title $& )ee# tr$#&%erre, )0t#"t #e'"ti$te, $!/0ire& tere)y $& $'$i#&t te tr$#&%er"r te title t" te'"",& &0)7e!t t" te ter*& "% $#y $'ree*e#t +it te tr$#&%er"r.

I% te ,"!0*e#t i& #"#-#e'"ti$)le &0! (er&"# $l&" $!/0ire& te ri't t"

#"ti%y te )$ilee +" i&&0e, te ,"!0*e#t "% te tr$#&%er tere"% $#,

tere)y t" $!/0ire te ,ire!t ")li'$ti"# "% &0! )$ilee t" "l, ("&&e&&i"# "%

te '"",& %"r i* $!!"r,i#' t" te ter*& "% te ,"!0*e#t.

Pri"r t" te #"ti%i!$ti"# t" &0! )$ilee )y te tr$#&%er"r "r tr$#&%eree "% $

#"#-#e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title te title "% te tr$#&%eree t" te '"",&

$#, te ri't t" $!/0ire te ")li'$ti"# "% &0! )$ilee *$y )e ,e%e$te, )y

te ley "% $# $tt$!*e#t "% e6e!0ti"# 0("# te '"",& )y $ !re,it"r "% te

tr$#&%er"r "r )y $ #"ti%i!$ti"# t" &0! )$ilee )y te tr$#&%er"r "r $

&0)&e/0e#t (0r!$&er %r"* te tr$#&%er "% $ &0)&e/0e#t &$le "% te '"",&

)y te tr$#&%er"r. #2

Art. 1515. ?ere $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title i& tr$#&%erre, %"r $l0e )y

,eliery $#, te e#,"r&e*e#t "% te tr$#&%er"r i& e&&e#ti$l %"r

#e'"ti$ti"# te tr$#&%eree $!/0ire& $ ri't $'$i#&t te tr$#&%er"r t"

!"*(el i* t" e#,"r&e te ,"!0*e#t 0#le&& $ !"#tr$ry i#te#ti"# $((e$r&.

Te #e'"ti$ti"# &$ll t$;e e%%e!t $& "% te ti*e +e# te e#,"r&e*e#t i&

$!t0$lly *$,e. #2



Art. 151. A (er&"# +" %"r $l0e #e'"ti$te& "r tr$#&%er& $ ,"!0*e#t "%

title )y e#,"r&e*e#t "r ,eliery i#!l0,i#' "#e +" $&&i'#& %"r $l0e $

!l$i* &e!0re, )y $ ,"!0*e#t "% title 0#le&& $ !"#tr$ry i#te#ti"# $((e$r&

+$rr$#t&

12 T$t te ,"!0*e#t i& 'e#0i#e>

2 T$t e $& $ le'$l ri't t" #e'"ti$te "r tr$#&%er it>

:2 T$t e $& ;#"+le,'e "% #" %$!t +i! +"0l, i*($ir te $li,ity

"r +"rt "% te ,"!0*e#t> $#,

42 T$t e $& $ ri't t" tr$#&%er te title t" te '"",& $#, t$t te

'"",& $re *er!$#t$)le "r %it %"r $ ($rti!0l$r (0r("&e +e#eer

&0! +$rr$#tie& +"0l, $e )ee# i*(lie, i% te !"#tr$!t "% te

($rtie& $, )ee# t" tr$#&%er +it"0t $ ,"!0*e#t "% title te '"",&

re(re&e#te, tere)y. #2

Art. 151<. Te e#,"r&e*e#t "% $ ,"!0*e#t "% title &$ll #"t *$;e tee#,"r&er li$)le %"r $#y %$il0re "# te ($rt "% te )$ilee +" i&&0e, te

,"!0*e#t "r (rei"0& e#,"r&er& tere"% t" %0l%ill teir re&(e!tie")li'$ti"#&. #2

Art. 1518. Te $li,ity "% te #e'"ti$ti"# "% $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title

i& #"t i*($ire, )y te %$!t t$t te #e'"ti$ti"# +$& $ )re$! "% ,0ty "# te

($rt "% te (er&"# *$;i#' te #e'"ti$ti"# "r )y te %$!t t$t te "+#er "%

te ,"!0*e#t +$& ,e(rie, "% te ("&&e&&i"# "% te &$*e )y l"&& te%t

%r$0, $!!i,e#t *i&t$;e ,0re&& "r !"#er&i"# i% te (er&"# t" +"* te

,"!0*e#t +$& #e'"ti$te, "r $ (er&"# t" +"* te ,"!0*e#t +$&

&0)&e/0e#tly #e'"ti$te, ($i, $l0e tere%"r i# '"", %$it +it"0t #"ti!e "%

te )re$! "% ,0ty "r l"&& te%t %r$0, $!!i,e#t *i&t$;e ,0re&& "r

!"#er&i"#. #2

Art. 1513. I% '"",& $re ,eliere, t" $ )$ilee )y te "+#er "r )y $ (er&"#

+"&e $!t i# !"#eyi#' te title t" te* t" $ (0r!$&er i# '"", %$it %"r

$l0e +"0l, )i#, te "+#er $#, $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title i& i&&0e, %"r

te* tey !$##"t tere$%ter +ile i# ("&&e&&i"# "% &0! )$ilee )e

$tt$!e, )y '$r#i&*e#t "r "ter+i&e "r )e leie, 0#,er $# e6e!0ti"#0#le&& te ,"!0*e#t )e %ir&t &0rre#,ere, t" te )$ilee "r it& #e'"ti$ti"#

e#7"i#e,. Te )$ilee &$ll i# #" !$&e )e !"*(elle, t" ,elier 0( te $!t0$l

("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& 0#til te ,"!0*e#t i& &0rre#,ere, t" i* "r

i*("0#,e, )y te !"0rt. #2

Art. 15. A !re,it"r +"&e ,e)t"r i& te "+#er "% $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t

"% title &$ll )e e#title, t" &0! $i, %r"* !"0rt& "% $((r"(ri$te 70ri&,i!ti"#



)y i#70#!ti"# $#, "ter+i&e i# $tt$!i#' &0! ,"!0*e#t "r i# &$ti&%yi#' te

!l$i* )y *e$#& tere"% $& i& $ll"+e, $t l$+ "r i# e/0ity i# re'$r, t"

(r"(erty +i! !$##"t re$,ily )e $tt$!e, "r leie, 0("# )y "r,i#$ry le'$l

(r"!e&&. #2

Art. 151. ?eter it i& %"r te )0yer t" t$;e ("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& "r "% te &eller t" &e#, te* t" te )0yer i& $ /0e&ti"# ,e(e#,i#' i# e$! !$&e

"# te !"#tr$!t e6(re&& "r i*(lie, )et+ee# te ($rtie&. A($rt %r"* $#y

&0! !"#tr$!t e6(re&& "r i*(lie, "r 0&$'e "% tr$,e t" te !"#tr$ry te

(l$!e "% ,eliery i& te &eller& (l$!e "% )0&i#e&& i% e $& "#e $#, i% #"t

i& re&i,e#!e> )0t i# !$&e "% $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% &(e!i%i! '"",& +i! t"

te ;#"+le,'e "% te ($rtie& +e# te !"#tr$!t "r te &$le +$& *$,e +ere

i# &"*e "ter (l$!e te# t$t (l$!e i& te (l$!e "% ,eliery.

?ere )y $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le te &eller i& )"0#, t" &e#, te '"",& t" te

)0yer )0t #" ti*e %"r &e#,i#' te* i& %i6e, te &eller i& )"0#, t" &e#,

te* +iti# $ re$&"#$)le ti*e.

?ere te '"",& $t te ti*e "% &$le $re i# te ("&&e&&i"# "% $ tir, (er&"#

te &eller $& #"t %0l%ille, i& ")li'$ti"# t" ,elier t" te )0yer 0#le&& $#,

0#til &0! tir, (er&"# $!;#"+le,'e& t" te )0yer t$t e "l,& te '"",&

"# te )0yer& )e$l%.

De*$#, "r te#,er "% ,eliery *$y )e tre$te, $& i#e%%e!t0$l 0#le&& *$,e $t

$ re$&"#$)le "0r. ?$t i& $ re$&"#$)le "0r i& $ /0e&ti"# "% %$!t.

U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, te e6(e#&e& "% $#, i#!i,e#t$l t" (0tti#' te'"",& i#t" $ ,elier$)le &t$te *0&t )e )"r#e )y te &eller. #2

Art. 15. ?ere te &eller ,elier& t" te )0yer $ /0$#tity "% '"",& le&&

t$# e !"#tr$!te, t" &ell te )0yer *$y re7e!t te* )0t i% te )0yer

$!!e(t& "r ret$i#& te '"",& &" ,eliere, ;#"+i#' t$t te &eller i& #"t

'"i#' t" (er%"r* te !"#tr$!t i# %0ll e *0&t ($y %"r te* $t te !"#tr$!t

r$te. I% "+eer te )0yer $& 0&e, "r ,i&("&e, "% te '"",& ,eliere,

)e%"re e ;#"+& t$t te &eller i& #"t '"i#' t" (er%"r* i& !"#tr$!t i# %0ll

te )0yer &$ll #"t )e li$)le %"r *"re t$# te %$ir $l0e t" i* "% te

'"",& &" re!eie,.

?ere te &eller ,elier& t" te )0yer $ /0$#tity "% '"",& l$r'er t$# e

!"#tr$!te, t" &ell te )0yer *$y $!!e(t te '"",& i#!l0,e, i# te !"#tr$!t

$#, re7e!t te re&t. I% te )0yer $!!e(t& te +"le "% te '"",& &"

,eliere, e *0&t ($y %"r te* $t te !"#tr$!t r$te.



?ere te &eller ,elier& t" te )0yer te '"",& e !"#tr$!te, t" &ell

*i6e, +it '"",& "% $ ,i%%ere#t ,e&!ri(ti"# #"t i#!l0,e, i# te !"#tr$!t

te )0yer *$y $!!e(t te '"",& +i! $re i# $!!"r,$#!e +it te !"#tr$!t

$#, re7e!t te re&t.

I# te (re!e,i#' t+" ($r$'r$(& i% te &0)7e!t *$tter i& i#,ii&i)le te)0yer *$y re7e!t te +"le "% te '"",&.

Te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& $rti!le $re &0)7e!t t" $#y 0&$'e "% tr$,e &(e!i$l

$'ree*e#t "r !"0r&e "% ,e$li#' )et+ee# te ($rtie&. #2

Art. 15:. ?ere i# (0r&0$#!e "% $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le te &eller i&

$0t"ri=e, "r re/0ire, t" &e#, te '"",& t" te )0yer ,eliery "% te

'"",& t" $ !$rrier +eter #$*e, )y te )0yer "r #"t %"r te (0r("&e "%

tr$#&*i&&i"# t" te )0yer i& ,ee*e, t" )e $ ,eliery "% te '"",& t" te

)0yer e6!e(t i# te !$&e (r"i,e, %"r i# Arti!le 15: %ir&t &e!"#, $#,

tir, ($r$'r$(& "r 0#le&& $ !"#tr$ry i#te#t $((e$r&.

U#le&& "ter+i&e $0t"ri=e, )y te )0yer te &eller *0&t *$;e &0!

!"#tr$!t +it te !$rrier "# )e$l% "% te )0yer $& *$y )e re$&"#$)le

$i#' re'$r, t" te #$t0re "% te '"",& $#, te "ter !ir!0*&t$#!e& "%

te !$&e. I% te &eller "*it &" t" ," $#, te '"",& $re l"&t "r ,$*$'e, i#

!"0r&e "% tr$#&it te )0yer *$y ,e!li#e t" tre$t te ,eliery t" te !$rrier

$& $ ,eliery t" i*&el% "r *$y "l, te &eller re&("#&i)le i# ,$*$'e&.

U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, +ere '"",& $re &e#t )y te &eller t" te )0yer

0#,er !ir!0*&t$#!e& i# +i! te &eller ;#"+& "r "0't t" ;#"+ t$t it i&0&0$l t" i#&0re te &eller *0&t 'ie &0! #"ti!e t" te )0yer $& *$y

e#$)le i* t" i#&0re te* ,0ri#' teir tr$#&it $#, i% te &eller %$il& t" ,"

&" te '"",& &$ll )e ,ee*e, t" )e $t i& ri&; ,0ri#' &0! tr$#&it. #2

Art. 154. Te e#,"r &$ll #"t )e )"0#, t" ,elier te ti#' &"l, i% te

e#,ee $& #"t ($i, i* te (ri!e "r i% #" (eri", %"r te ($y*e#t $& )ee#

%i6e, i# te !"#tr$!t. 142

Art. 155. Te &eller "% '"",& i& ,ee*e, t" )e $# 0#($i, &eller +iti# te

*e$#i#' "% ti& Title

12 ?e# te +"le "% te (ri!e $& #"t )ee# ($i, "r te#,ere,>

2 ?e# $ )ill "% e6!$#'e "r "ter #e'"ti$)le i#&tr0*e#t $& )ee#

re!eie, $& !"#,iti"#$l ($y*e#t $#, te !"#,iti"# "# +i! it +$&

re!eie, $& )ee# )r";e# )y re$&"# "% te ,i&"#"r "% te

i#&tr0*e#t te i#&"le#!y "% te )0yer "r "ter+i&e.



I# Arti!le& 155 t" 15:5 te ter* "seller" i#!l0,e& $# $'e#t "% te &eller t"+"* te )ill "% l$,i#' $& )ee# i#,"r&e, "r $ !"#&i'#"r "r $'e#t +" $&

i*&el% ($i, "r i& ,ire!tly re&("#&i)le %"r te (ri!e "r $#y "ter (er&"#+" i& i# te ("&iti"# "% $ &eller. #2

Art. 15. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title #"t+it&t$#,i#' t$t te"+#er&i( i# te '"",& *$y $e ($&&e, t" te )0yer te 0#($i, &eller "%

'"",& $& &0! $&

12 A lie# "# te '"",& "r ri't t" ret$i# te* %"r te (ri!e +ile e

i& i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te*>

2 I# !$&e "% te i#&"le#!y "% te )0yer $ ri't "% &t"((i#' te

'"",& i# tr$#&it0 $%ter e $& ($rte, +it te ("&&e&&i"# "% te*>

:2 A ri't "% re&$le $& li*ite, )y ti& Title>

42 A ri't t" re&!i#, te &$le $& li;e+i&e li*ite, )y ti& Title.

?ere te "+#er&i( i# te '"",& $& #"t ($&&e, t" te )0yer te 0#($i,&eller $& i# $,,iti"# t" i& "ter re*e,ie& $ ri't "% +it"l,i#' ,eliery

&i*il$r t" $#, !"e6te#&ie +it i& ri't& "% lie# $#, &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0+ere te "+#er&i( $& ($&&e, t" te )0yer. #2

Art. 15<. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title te 0#($i, &eller "% '"",&

+" i& i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te* i& e#title, t" ret$i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te* 0#til

($y*e#t "r te#,er "% te (ri!e i# te %"ll"+i#' !$&e& #$*ely

12 ?ere te '"",& $e )ee# &"l, +it"0t $#y &ti(0l$ti"# $& t"

!re,it>

2 ?ere te '"",& $e )ee# &"l, "# !re,it )0t te ter* "% !re,it

$& e6(ire,>

:2 ?ere te )0yer )e!"*e& i#&"le#t.

Te &eller *$y e6er!i&e i& ri't "% lie# #"t+it&t$#,i#' t$t e i& i#("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& $& $'e#t "r )$ilee %"r te )0yer. #2

Art. 158. ?ere $# 0#($i, &eller $& *$,e ($rt ,eliery "% te '"",& e

*$y e6er!i&e i& ri't "% lie# "# te re*$i#,er 0#le&& &0! ($rt ,eliery

$& )ee# *$,e 0#,er &0! !ir!0*&t$#!e& $& t" &"+ $# i#te#t t" +$ie

te lie# "r ri't "% rete#ti"#. #2

Art. 153. Te 0#($i, &eller "% '"",& l"&e& i& lie# tere"#



12 ?e# e ,elier& te '"",& t" $ !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee %"r te

(0r("&e "% tr$#&*i&&i"# t" te )0yer +it"0t re&eri#' te

"+#er&i( i# te '"",& "r te ri't t" te ("&&e&&i"# tere"%>

2 ?e# te )0yer "r i& $'e#t l$+%0lly ")t$i#& ("&&e&&i"# "% te

'"",&>

:2 By +$ier tere"%.

Te 0#($i, &eller "% '"",& $i#' $ lie# tere"# ,"e& #"t l"&e i& lie# )yre$&"# "#ly t$t e $& ")t$i#e, 70,'*e#t "r ,e!ree %"r te (ri!e "% te

'"",&. #2

Art. 15:. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title +e# te )0yer "% '"",&

i& "r )e!"*e& i#&"le#t te 0#($i, &eller +" $& ($rte, +it te

("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& $& te ri't "% &t"((i#' te* i# tr$#&it0 t$t i&

t" &$y e *$y re&0*e ("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& $t $#y ti*e +ile tey $rei# tr$#&it $#, e +ill te# )e!"*e e#title, t" te &$*e ri't& i# re'$r, t"

te '"",& $& e +"0l, $e $, i% e $, #eer ($rte, +it te

("&&e&&i"#. #2

Art. 15:1. @"",& $re i# tr$#&it +iti# te *e$#i#' "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le

12 Fr"* te ti*e +e# tey $re ,eliere, t" $ !$rrier )y l$#,

+$ter "r $ir "r "ter )$ilee %"r te (0r("&e "% tr$#&*i&&i"# t" te

)0yer 0#til te )0yer "r i& $'e#t i# t$t )e$l% t$;e& ,eliery "%

te* %r"* &0! !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee>

2 I% te '"",& $re re7e!te, )y te )0yer $#, te !$rrier "r "ter

)$ilee !"#ti#0e& i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te* ee# i% te &eller $& re%0&e,

t" re!eie te* )$!;.

@"",& $re #" l"#'er i# tr$#&it +iti# te *e$#i#' "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le

12 I% te )0yer "r i& $'e#t i# t$t )e$l% ")t$i#& ,eliery "% te

'"",& )e%"re teir $rri$l $t te $(("i#te, ,e&ti#$ti"#>

2 I% $%ter te $rri$l "% te '"",& $t te $(("i#te, ,e&ti#$ti"# te

!$rrier "r "ter )$ilee $!;#"+le,'e& t" te )0yer "r i& $'e#t t$te "l,& te '"",& "# i& )e$l% $#, !"#ti#0e& i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te*

$& )$ilee %"r te )0yer "r i& $'e#t> $#, it i& i**$teri$l t$t %0rter

,e&ti#$ti"# %"r te '"",& *$y $e )ee# i#,i!$te, )y te )0yer>

:2 I% te !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee +r"#'%0lly re%0&e& t" ,elier te

'"",& t" te )0yer "r i& $'e#t i# t$t )e$l%.



I% te '"",& $re ,eliere, t" $ &i( %rei't tr$i# tr0!; "r $ir(l$#e!$rtere, )y te )0yer it i& $ /0e&ti"# ,e(e#,i#' "# te !ir!0*&t$#!e& "%

te ($rti!0l$r !$&e +eter tey $re i# te ("&&e&&i"# "% te !$rrier $&&0! "r $& $'e#t "% te )0yer.

I% ($rt ,eliery "% te '"",& $& )ee# *$,e t" te )0yer "r i& $'e#t i#t$t )e$l% te re*$i#,er "% te '"",& *$y )e &t"((e, i# tr$#&it0 0#le&&

&0! ($rt ,eliery $& )ee# 0#,er &0! !ir!0*&t$#!e& $& t" &"+ $#

$'ree*e#t +it te )0yer t" 'ie 0( ("&&e&&i"# "% te +"le "% te '"",&.

#2

Art. 15:. Te 0#($i, &eller *$y e6er!i&e i& ri't "% &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0

eiter )y ")t$i#i#' $!t0$l ("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& "r )y 'ii#' #"ti!e "% i&

!l$i* t" te !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee i# +"&e ("&&e&&i"# te '"",& $re.

S0! #"ti!e *$y )e 'ie# eiter t" te (er&"# i# $!t0$l ("&&e&&i"# "% te

'"",& "r t" i& (ri#!i($l. I# te l$tter !$&e te #"ti!e t" )e e%%e!t0$l *0&t

)e 'ie# $t &0! ti*e $#, 0#,er &0! !ir!0*&t$#!e& t$t te (ri#!i($l )yte e6er!i&e "% re$&"#$)le ,ili'e#!e *$y (ree#t $ ,eliery t" te )0yer.

?e# #"ti!e "% &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0 i& 'ie# )y te &eller t" te !$rrier "r

"ter )$ilee i# ("&&e&&i"# "% te '"",& e *0&t re,elier te '"",& t" "r

$!!"r,i#' t" te ,ire!ti"#& "% te &eller. Te e6(e#&e& "% &0! ,eliery

*0&t )e )"r#e )y te &eller. I% "+eer $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title

re(re&e#ti#' te '"",& $& )ee# i&&0e, )y te !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee e

&$ll #"t ")li'e, t" ,elier "r 70&ti%ie, i# ,elieri#' te '"",& t" te &eller

0#le&& &0! ,"!0*e#t i& %ir&t &0rre#,ere, %"r !$#!ell$ti"#. #2

Art. 15::. ?ere te '"",& $re "% (eri&$)le #$t0re "r +ere te &eller

e6(re&&ly re&ere& te ri't "% re&$le i# !$&e te )0yer &"0l, *$;e

,e%$0lt "r +ere te )0yer $& )ee# i# ,e%$0lt i# te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e

%"r $# 0#re$&"#$)le ti*e $# 0#($i, &eller $i#' $ ri't "% lie# "r $i#'

&t"((e, te '"",& i# tr$#&it0 *$y re&ell te '"",&. He &$ll #"t tere$%ter

)e li$)le t" te "ri'i#$l )0yer 0("# te !"#tr$!t "% &$le "r %"r $#y (r"%it

*$,e )y &0! re&$le )0t *$y re!"er %r"* te )0yer ,$*$'e& %"r $#y l"&&

"!!$&i"#e, )y te )re$! "% te !"#tr$!t "% &$le.

?ere $ re&$le i& *$,e $& $0t"ri=e, i# ti& $rti!le te )0yer $!/0ire& $

'"", title $& $'$i#&t te "ri'i#$l )0yer.

It i& #"t e&&e#ti$l t" te $li,ity "% re&$le t$t #"ti!e "% $# i#te#ti"# t"

re&ell te '"",& )e 'ie# )y te &eller t" te "ri'i#$l )0yer. B0t +ere te

ri't t" re&ell i& #"t )$&e, "# te (eri&$)le #$t0re "% te '"",& "r 0("#

$# e6(re&& (r"i&i"# "% te !"#tr$!t "% &$le te 'ii#' "r %$il0re t" 'ie

&0! #"ti!e &$ll )e rele$#t i# $#y i&&0e i#"li#' te /0e&ti"# +eter



te )0yer $, )ee# i# ,e%$0lt %"r $# 0#re$&"#$)le ti*e )e%"re te re&$le

+$& *$,e.

It i& #"t e&&e#ti$l t" te $li,ity "% $ re&$le t$t #"ti!e "% te ti*e $#,

(l$!e "% &0! re&$le &"0l, )e 'ie# )y te &eller t" te "ri'i#$l )0yer.

Te &eller i& )"0#, t" e6er!i&e re$&"#$)le !$re $#, 70,'*e#t i# *$;i#' $

re&$le $#, &0)7e!t t" ti& re/0ire*e#t *$y *$;e $ re&$le eiter )y (0)li!

"r (ri$te &$le. He !$##"t "+eer ,ire!tly "r i#,ire!tly )0y te '"",&.

#2

Art. 15:4. A# 0#($i, &eller $i#' te ri't "% lie# "r $i#' &t"((e, te

'"",& i# tr$#&it0 *$y re&!i#, te tr$#&%er "% title $#, re&0*e te

"+#er&i( i# te '"",& +ere e e6(re&&ly re&ere, te ri't t" ," &" i#

!$&e te )0yer &"0l, *$;e ,e%$0lt "r +ere te )0yer $& )ee# i#

,e%$0lt i# te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e %"r $# 0#re$&"#$)le ti*e. Te &eller

&$ll #"t tere$%ter )e li$)le t" te )0yer 0("# te !"#tr$!t "% &$le )0t

*$y re!"er %r"* te )0yer ,$*$'e& %"r $#y l"&& "!!$&i"#e, )y te

)re$! "% te !"#tr$!t.

Te tr$#&%er "% title &$ll #"t )e el, t" $e )ee# re&!i#,e, )y $# 0#($i,

&eller 0#til e $& *$#i%e&te, )y #"ti!e t" te )0yer "r )y &"*e "ter

"ert $!t $# i#te#ti"# t" re&!i#,. It i& #"t #e!e&&$ry t$t &0! "ert $!t

&"0l, )e !"**0#i!$te, t" te )0yer )0t te 'ii#' "r %$il0re t" 'ie

#"ti!e t" te )0yer "% te i#te#ti"# t" re&!i#, &$ll )e rele$#t i# $#y i&&0e

i#"li#' te /0e&ti"# +eter te )0yer $, )ee# i# ,e%$0lt %"r $#

0#re$&"#$)le ti*e )e%"re te ri't "% re&!i&&i"# +$& $&&erte,. #2

Art. 15:5. S0)7e!t t" te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title te 0#($i, &eller& ri't "%

lie# "r &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0 i& #"t $%%e!te, )y $#y &$le "r "ter ,i&("&iti"#

"% te '"",& +i! te )0yer *$y $e *$,e 0#le&& te &eller $&

$&&e#te, teret".

I% "+eer $ #e'"ti$)le ,"!0*e#t "% title $& )ee# i&&0e, %"r '"",& #"

&eller& lie# "r ri't "% &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0 &$ll ,e%e$t te ri't "% $#y

(0r!$&er %"r $l0e i# '"", %$it t" +"* &0! ,"!0*e#t $& )ee#

#e'"ti$te, +eter &0! #e'"ti$ti"# )e (ri"r "r &0)&e/0e#t t" te

#"ti%i!$ti"# t" te !$rrier "r "ter )$ilee +" i&&0e, &0! ,"!0*e#t "%

te &eller& !l$i* t" $ lie# "r ri't "% &t"(($'e i# tr$#&it0. #2

Art. 15:. Te e#,"r i& #"t )"0#, t" ,elier te ti#' &"l, i# !$&e te

e#,ee &"0l, l"&e te ri't t" *$;e 0&e "% te ter*& $& (r"i,e, i#

Arti!le 1138. 14<$2



Art. 15:<. Te e#,"r i& )"0#, t" ,elier te ti#' &"l, $#, it& $!!e&&i"#&

$#, $!!e&&"rie& i# te !"#,iti"# i# +i! tey +ere 0("# te (er%e!ti"# "%

te !"#tr$!t.

All te %r0it& &$ll (ert$i# t" te e#,ee %r"* te ,$y "# +i! te

!"#tr$!t +$& (er%e!te,. 148$2

Art. 15:8. I# !$&e "% l"&& ,eteri"r$ti"# "r i*(r"e*e#t "% te ti#' )e%"re

it& ,eliery te r0le& i# Arti!le 1183 &$ll )e ")&ere, te e#,"r )ei#'

!"#&i,ere, te ,e)t"r. #2

Art. 15:3. Te ")li'$ti"# t" ,elier te ti#' &"l, i#!l0,e& t$t "% (l$!i#'

i# te !"#tr"l "% te e#,ee $ll t$t i& *e#ti"#e, i# te !"#tr$!t i#

!"#%"r*ity +it te %"ll"+i#' r0le&

I% te &$le "% re$l e&t$te &"0l, )e *$,e +it $ &t$te*e#t "% it& $re$ $t

te r$te "% $ !ert$i# (ri!e %"r $ 0#it "% *e$&0re "r #0*)er te e#,"r &$ll

)e ")li'e, t" ,elier t" te e#,ee i% te l$tter &"0l, ,e*$#, it $ll t$t

*$y $e )ee# &t$te, i# te !"#tr$!t> )0t &"0l, ti& )e #"t ("&&i)le te

e#,ee *$y !""&e )et+ee# $ (r"("rti"#$l re,0!ti"# "% te (ri!e $#, te

re&!i&&i"# "% te !"#tr$!t (r"i,e, t$t i# te l$tter !$&e te l$!; i# te

$re$ )e #"t le&& t$# "#e-te#t "% t$t &t$te,.

Te &$*e &$ll )e ,"#e ee# +e# te $re$ i& te &$*e i% $#y ($rt "% te

i**"$)le i& #"t "% te /0$lity &(e!i%ie, i# te !"#tr$!t.

Te re&!i&&i"# i# ti& !$&e &$ll "#ly t$;e (l$!e $t te +ill "% te e#,ee+e# te i#%eri"r $l0e "% te ti#' &"l, e6!ee,& "#e-te#t "% te (ri!e

$'ree, 0("#.

Neertele&& i% te e#,ee +"0l, #"t $e )"0't te i**"$)le $, e

;#"+# "% it& &*$ller $re$ "% i#%eri"r /0$lity e *$y re&!i#, te &$le.

143$2

Art. 154. I% i# te !$&e "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le tere i& $ 're$ter $re$ "r

#0*)er i# te i**"$)le t$# t$t &t$te, i# te !"#tr$!t te e#,ee *$y

$!!e(t te $re$ i#!l0,e, i# te !"#tr$!t $#, re7e!t te re&t. I% e $!!e(t&

te +"le $re$ e *0&t ($y %"r te &$*e $t te !"#tr$!t r$te. 14<$2

Art. 1541. Te (r"i&i"#& "% te t+" (re!e,i#' $rti!le& &$ll $((ly t"

70,i!i$l &$le&. #2

Art. 154. I# te &$le "% re$l e&t$te *$,e %"r $ l0*( &0* $#, #"t $t te

r$te "% $ !ert$i# &0* %"r $ 0#it "% *e$&0re "r #0*)er tere &$ll )e #"



i#!re$&e "r ,e!re$&e "% te (ri!e $lt"0' tere )e $ 're$ter "r le&& $re$

"r #0*)er t$# t$t &t$te, i# te !"#tr$!t.

Te &$*e r0le &$ll )e $((lie, +e# t+" "r *"re i**"$)le& $& &"l, %"r $

&i#'le (ri!e> )0t i% )e&i,e& *e#ti"#i#' te )"0#,$rie& +i! i&

i#,i&(e#&$)le i# eery !"#ey$#!e "% re$l e&t$te it& $re$ "r #0*)er&"0l, )e ,e&i'#$te, i# te !"#tr$!t te e#,"r &$ll )e )"0#, t" ,elier

$ll t$t i& i#!l0,e, +iti# &$i, )"0#,$rie& ee# +e# it e6!ee,& te $re$

"r #0*)er &(e!i%ie, i# te !"#tr$!t> $#, &"0l, e #"t )e $)le t" ," &" e

&$ll &0%%er $ re,0!ti"# i# te (ri!e i# (r"("rti"# t" +$t i& l$!;i#' i# te

$re$ "r #0*)er 0#le&& te !"#tr$!t i& re&!i#,e, )e!$0&e te e#,ee ,"e&

#"t $!!e,e t" te %$il0re t" ,elier +$t $& )ee# &ti(0l$te,. 14<12

Art. 154:. Te $!ti"#& $ri&i#' %r"* Arti!le& 15:3 $#, 154 &$ll (re&!ri)e

i# &i6 *"#t& !"0#te, %r"* te ,$y "% ,eliery. 14<$2

Art. 1544. I% te &$*e ti#' &"0l, $e )ee# &"l, t" ,i%%ere#t e#,ee&

te "+#er&i( &$ll )e tr$#&%erre, t" te (er&"# +" *$y $e %ir&t t$;e#

("&&e&&i"# tere"% i# '"", %$it i% it &"0l, )e *"$)le (r"(erty.

S"0l, it )e i**"$)le (r"(erty te "+#er&i( &$ll )el"#' t" te (er&"#

$!/0iri#' it +" i# '"", %$it %ir&t re!"r,e, it i# te Re'i&try "% Pr"(erty.

S"0l, tere )e #" i#&!ri(ti"# te "+#er&i( &$ll (ert$i# t" te (er&"#

+" i# '"", %$it +$& %ir&t i# te ("&&e&&i"#> $#, i# te $)&e#!e tere"%

t" te (er&"# +" (re&e#t& te "l,e&t title (r"i,e, tere i& '"", %$it.

14<:2

SECTION :. - C"#,iti"#& $#, ?$rr$#tie&

Art. 1545. ?ere te ")li'$ti"# "% eiter ($rty t" $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le i&&0)7e!t t" $#y !"#,iti"# +i! i& #"t (er%"r*e, &0! ($rty *$y re%0&e t"

(r"!ee, +it te !"#tr$!t "r e *$y +$ie (er%"r*$#!e "% te !"#,iti"#. I% te "ter ($rty $& (r"*i&e, t$t te !"#,iti"# &"0l, $((e# "r )e

(er%"r*e, &0! %ir&t *e#ti"#e, ($rty *$y $l&" tre$t te #"#(er%"r*$#!e"% te !"#,iti"# $& $ )re$! "% +$rr$#ty.

?ere te "+#er&i( i# te ti#' $& #"t ($&&e, te )0yer *$y tre$t te

%0l%ill*e#t )y te &eller "% i& ")li'$ti"# t" ,elier te &$*e $& ,e&!ri)e,

$#, $& +$rr$#te, e6(re&&ly "r )y i*(li!$ti"# i# te !"#tr$!t "% &$le $& $

!"#,iti"# "% te ")li'$ti"# "% te )0yer t" (er%"r* i& (r"*i&e t" $!!e(t

$#, ($y %"r te ti#'. #2



Art. 154. A#y $%%ir*$ti"# "% %$!t "r $#y (r"*i&e )y te &eller rel$ti#' t"

te ti#' i& $# e6(re&& +$rr$#ty i% te #$t0r$l te#,e#!y "% &0! $%%ir*$ti"#

"r (r"*i&e i& t" i#,0!e te )0yer t" (0r!$&e te &$*e $#, i% te )0yer

(0r!$&e te ti#' relyi#' tere"#. N" $%%ir*$ti"# "% te $l0e "% te

ti#' #"r $#y &t$te*e#t (0r("rti#' t" )e $ &t$te*e#t "% te &eller&

"(i#i"# "#ly &$ll )e !"#&tr0e, $& $ +$rr$#ty 0#le&& te &eller *$,e &0!$%%ir*$ti"# "r &t$te*e#t $& $# e6(ert $#, it +$& relie, 0("# )y te )0yer.

#2

Art. 154<. I# $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le 0#le&& $ !"#tr$ry i#te#ti"# $((e$r& tere

i&

12 A# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty "# te ($rt "% te &eller t$t e $& $ ri't

t" &ell te ti#' $t te ti*e +e# te "+#er&i( i& t" ($&& $#, t$t

te )0yer &$ll %r"* t$t ti*e $e $#, e#7"y te le'$l $#, (e$!e%0l

("&&e&&i"# "% te ti#'>

2 A# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty t$t te ti#' &$ll )e %ree %r"* $#y i,,e#

%$0lt& "r ,e%e!t& "r $#y !$r'e "r e#!0*)r$#!e #"t ,e!l$re, "r

;#"+# t" te )0yer.

Ti& Arti!le &$ll #"t "+eer )e el, t" re#,er li$)le $ &eri%%$0!ti"#eer *"rt'$'ee (le,'ee "r "ter (er&"# (r"%e&&i#' t" &ell )yirt0e "% $0t"rity i# %$!t "r l$+ %"r te &$le "% $ ti#' i# +i! $ tir,(er&"# $& $ le'$l "r e/0it$)le i#tere&t. #2

SUBSECTION 1. - ?$rr$#ty i# C$&e "% Ei!ti"#

Art. 1548. Ei!ti"# &$ll t$;e (l$!e +e#eer )y $ %i#$l 70,'*e#t )$&e, "#

$ ri't (ri"r t" te &$le "r $# $!t i*(0t$)le t" te e#,"r te e#,ee i&,e(rie, "% te +"le "r "% $ ($rt "% te ti#' (0r!$&e,.

Te e#,"r &$ll $#&+er %"r te ei!ti"# ee# t"0' #"ti#' $& )ee#

&$i, i# te !"#tr$!t "# te &0)7e!t.

Te !"#tr$!ti#' ($rtie& "+eer *$y i#!re$&e ,i*i#i& "r &0((re&& ti&

le'$l ")li'$ti"# "% te e#,"r. 14<5$2

Art. 1543. Te e#,ee #ee, #"t $((e$l %r"* te ,e!i&i"# i# "r,er t$t te

e#,"r *$y )e!"*e li$)le %"r ei!ti"#. #2

Art. 155. ?e# $,er&e ("&&e&&i"# $, )ee# !"**e#!e, )e%"re te &$le

)0t te (re&!ri(tie (eri", i& !"*(lete, $%ter te tr$#&%er te e#,"r &$ll

#"t )e li$)le %"r ei!ti"#. #2



Art. 1551. I% te (r"(erty i& &"l, %"r #"#($y*e#t "% t$6e& ,0e $#, #"t

*$,e ;#"+# t" te e#,ee )e%"re te &$le te e#,"r i& li$)le %"r

ei!ti"#. #2

Art. 155. Te 70,'*e#t ,e)t"r i& $l&" re&("#&i)le %"r ei!ti"# i# 70,i!i$l

&$le& 0#le&& it i& "ter+i&e ,e!ree, i# te 70,'*e#t. #2

Art. 155:. A#y &ti(0l$ti"# e6e*(ti#' te e#,"r %r"* te ")li'$ti"# t"

$#&+er %"r ei!ti"# &$ll )e "i, i% e $!te, i# )$, %$it. 14<2

Art. 1554. I% te e#,ee $& re#"0#!e, te ri't t" +$rr$#ty i# !$&e "%

ei!ti"# $#, ei!ti"# &"0l, t$;e (l$!e te e#,"r &$ll "#ly ($y te

$l0e +i! te ti#' &"l, $, $t te ti*e "% te ei!ti"#. S"0l, te

e#,ee $e *$,e te +$ier +it ;#"+le,'e "% te ri&;& "% ei!ti"# $#,

$&&0*e, it& !"#&e/0e#!e& te e#,"r &$ll #"t )e li$)le. 14<<2

Art. 1555. ?e# te +$rr$#ty $& )ee# $'ree, 0("# "r #"ti#' $& )ee#

&ti(0l$te, "# ti& ("i#t i# !$&e ei!ti"# "!!0r& te e#,ee &$ll $e te

ri't t" ,e*$#, "% te e#,"r

12 Te ret0r# "% te $l0e +i! te ti#' &"l, $, $t te ti*e "%

te ei!ti"# )e it 're$ter "r le&& t$# te (ri!e "% te &$le>

2 Te i#!"*e "r %r0it& i% e $& )ee# "r,ere, t" ,elier te* t"

te ($rty +" +"# te &0it $'$i#&t i*>

:2 Te !"&t& "% te &0it +i! !$0&e, te ei!ti"# $#, i# $ (r"(er!$&e t"&e "% te &0it )r"0't $'$i#&t te e#,"r %"r te +$rr$#ty>

42 Te e6(e#&e& "% te !"#tr$!t i% te e#,ee $& ($i, te*>

52 Te ,$*$'e& $#, i#tere&t& $#, "r#$*e#t$l e6(e#&e& i% te &$le

+$& *$,e i# )$, %$it. 14<82

Art. 155. S"0l, te e#,ee l"&e )y re$&"# "% te ei!ti"# $ ($rt "% teti#' &"l, "% &0! i*("rt$#!e i# rel$ti"# t" te +"le t$t e +"0l, #"t

$e )"0't it +it"0t &$i, ($rt e *$y ,e*$#, te re&!i&&i"# "% te

!"#tr$!t> )0t +it te ")li'$ti"# t" ret0r# te ti#' +it"0t "tere#!0*)r$#!e& t$t t"&e +i! it $, +e# e $!/0ire, it.

He *$y e6er!i&e ti& ri't "% $!ti"# i#&te$, "% e#%"r!i#' te e#,"r&

li$)ility %"r ei!ti"#.

Te &$*e r0le &$ll )e ")&ere, +e# t+" "r *"re ti#'& $e )ee#

7"i#tly &"l, %"r $ l0*( &0* "r %"r $ &e($r$te (ri!e %"r e$! "% te* i% it



&"0l, !le$rly $((e$r t$t te e#,ee +"0l, #"t $e (0r!$&e, "#e

+it"0t te "ter. 14<3$2

Art. 155<. Te +$rr$#ty !$##"t )e e#%"r!e, 0#til $ %i#$l 70,'*e#t $& )ee#

re#,ere, +ere)y te e#,ee l"&e& te ti#' $!/0ire, "r $ ($rt tere"%.

1482

Art. 1558. Te e#,"r &$ll #"t )e ")li'e, t" *$;e '"", te (r"(er

+$rr$#ty 0#le&& e i& &0**"#e, i# te &0it %"r ei!ti"# $t te i#&t$#!e "%

te e#,ee. 1481$2

Art. 1553. Te ,e%e#,$#t e#,ee &$ll $&; +iti# te ti*e %i6e, i# te

R0le& "% C"0rt %"r $#&+eri#' te !"*(l$i#t t$t te e#,"r )e *$,e $ !"-

,e%e#,$#t. 148$2

Art. 15. I% te i**"$)le &"l, &"0l, )e e#!0*)ere, +it $#y #"#-

$(($re#t )0r,e# "r &erit0,e #"t *e#ti"#e, i# te $'ree*e#t "% &0! $

#$t0re t$t it *0&t )e (re&0*e, t$t te e#,ee +"0l, #"t $e $!/0ire,

it $, e )ee# $+$re tere"% e *$y $&; %"r te re&!i&&i"# "% te !"#tr$!t

0#le&& e &"0l, (re%er te $((r"(ri$te i#,e*#ity. Neiter ri't !$# )e

e6er!i&e, i% te #"#-$(($re#t )0r,e# "r &erit0,e i& re!"r,e, i# te

Re'i&try "% Pr"(erty 0#le&& tere i& $# e6(re&& +$rr$#ty t$t te ti#' i&

%ree %r"* $ll )0r,e#& $#, e#!0*)r$#!e&.

?iti# "#e ye$r t" )e !"*(0te, %r"* te e6e!0ti"# "% te ,ee, te

e#,ee *$y )ri#' te $!ti"# %"r re&!i&&i"# "r &0e %"r ,$*$'e&.

O#e ye$r $i#' el$(&e, e *$y "#ly )ri#' $# $!ti"# %"r ,$*$'e& +iti#

$# e/0$l (eri", t" )e !"0#te, %r"* te ,$te "# +i! e ,i&!"ere, te

)0r,e# "r &erit0,e. 148:$2

SUBSECTION . - ?$rr$#ty A'$i#&t Hi,,e# De%e!t&"% "r

E#!0*)r$#!e& U("# te Ti#' S"l,

Art. 151. Te e#,"r &$ll )e re&("#&i)le %"r +$rr$#ty $'$i#&t te i,,e#,e%e!t& +i! te ti#' &"l, *$y $e &"0l, tey re#,er it 0#%it %"r te

0&e %"r +i! it i& i#te#,e, "r &"0l, tey ,i*i#i& it& %it#e&& %"r &0! 0&et" &0! $# e6te#t t$t $, te e#,ee )ee# $+$re tere"% e +"0l, #"t$e $!/0ire, it "r +"0l, $e 'ie# $ l"+er (ri!e %"r it> )0t &$i, e#,"r

&$ll #"t )e $#&+er$)le %"r ($te#t ,e%e!t& "r t"&e +i! *$y )e i&i)le"r %"r t"&e +i! $re #"t i&i)le i% te e#,ee i& $# e6(ert +" )y re$&"#

"% i& tr$,e "r (r"%e&&i"# &"0l, $e ;#"+# te*. 1484$2



Art. 15. I# $ &$le "% '"",& tere i& $# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty "r !"#,iti"# $&

t" te /0$lity "r %it#e&& "% te '"",& $& %"ll"+&

12 ?ere te )0yer e6(re&&ly "r )y i*(li!$ti"# *$;e& ;#"+# t"

te &eller te ($rti!0l$r (0r("&e %"r +i! te '"",& $re $!/0ire,

$#, it $((e$r& t$t te )0yer relie& "# te &eller& &;ill "r 70,'*e#t+eter e )e te 'r"+er "r *$#0%$!t0rer "r #"t2 tere i& $#

i*(lie, +$rr$#ty t$t te '"",& &$ll )e re$&"#$)ly %it %"r &0!

(0r("&e>

2 ?ere te '"",& $re )r"0't )y ,e&!ri(ti"# %r"* $ &eller +"

,e$l& i# '"",& "% t$t ,e&!ri(ti"# +eter e )e te 'r"+er "r

*$#0%$!t0rer "r #"t2 tere i& $# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty t$t te '"",&

&$ll )e "% *er!$#t$)le /0$lity. #2

Art. 15:. I# te !$&e "% !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% $ &(e!i%ie, $rti!le 0#,er it&

($te#t "r "ter tr$,e #$*e tere i& #" +$rr$#ty $& t" it& %it#e&& %"r $#y($rti!0l$r (0r("&e 0#le&& tere i& $ &ti(0l$ti"# t" te !"#tr$ry. #2

Art. 154. A# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty "r !"#,iti"# $& t" te /0$lity "r %it#e&& %"r

$ ($rti!0l$r (0r("&e *$y )e $##e6e, )y te 0&$'e "% tr$,e. #2

Art. 155. I# te !$&e "% $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le )y &$*(le i% te &eller i& $

,e$ler i# '"",& "% t$t ;i#, tere i& $# i*(lie, +$rr$#ty t$t te '"",&

&$ll )e %ree %r"* $#y ,e%e!t re#,eri#' te* 0#*er!$#t$)le +i! +"0l,

#"t )e $(($re#t "# re$&"#$)le e6$*i#$ti"# "% te &$*(le. #2

Art. 15. Te e#,"r i& re&("#&i)le t" te e#,ee %"r $#y i,,e# %$0lt& "r

,e%e!t& i# te ti#' &"l, ee# t"0' e +$& #"t $+$re tere"%.

Ti& (r"i&i"# &$ll #"t $((ly i% te !"#tr$ry $& )ee# &ti(0l$te, $#, te

e#,"r +$& #"t $+$re "% te i,,e# %$0lt& "r ,e%e!t& i# te ti#' &"l,.

14852

Art. 15<. I# te !$&e& "% Arti!le& 151 15 154 155 $#, 15 te

e#,ee *$y ele!t )et+ee# +it,r$+i#' %r"* te !"#tr$!t $#, ,e*$#,i#'

$ (r"("rti"#$te re,0!ti"# "% te (ri!e +it ,$*$'e& i# eiter !$&e.

148$2

Art. 158. I% te ti#' &"l, &"0l, )e l"&t i# !"#&e/0e#!e "% te i,,e#

%$0lt& $#, te e#,"r +$& $+$re "% te* e &$ll )e$r te l"&& $#, &$ll

)e ")li'e, t" ret0r# te (ri!e $#, re%0#, te e6(e#&e& "% te !"#tr$!t

+it ,$*$'e&. I% e +$& #"t $+$re "% te* e &$ll "#ly ret0r# te (ri!e

$#, i#tere&t tere"# $#, rei*)0r&e te e6(e#&e& "% te !"#tr$!t +i!

te e#,ee *i't $e ($i,. 148<$2



Art. 153. I% te ti#' &"l, $, $#y i,,e# %$0lt $t te ti*e "% te &$le $#,

&"0l, tere$%ter )e l"&t )y $ %"rt0it"0& ee#t "r tr"0' te %$0lt "% te

e#,ee te l$tter *$y ,e*$#, "% te e#,"r te (ri!e +i! e ($i, le&&

te $l0e +i! te ti#' $, +e# it +$& l"&t.

I% te e#,"r $!te, i# )$, %$it e &$ll ($y ,$*$'e& t" te e#,ee.1488$2

Art. 15<. Te (re!e,i#' $rti!le& "% ti& S0)&e!ti"# &$ll )e $((li!$)le t"

70,i!i$l &$le& e6!e(t t$t te 70,'*e#t ,e)t"r &$ll #"t )e li$)le %"r

,$*$'e&. 1483$2

Art. 15<1. A!ti"#& $ri&i#' %r"* te (r"i&i"#& "% te (re!e,i#' te# $rti!le&

&$ll )e )$rre, $%ter &i6 *"#t& %r"* te ,eliery "% te ti#' &"l,.

1432

Art. 15<. I% t+" "r *"re $#i*$l& $re &"l, t"'eter +eter %"r $ l0*(

&0* "r %"r $ &e($r$te (ri!e %"r e$! "% te* te re,i)it"ry ,e%e!t "% "#e

&$ll "#ly 'ie ri&e t" it& re,i)iti"# $#, #"t t$t "% te "ter&> 0#le&& it

&"0l, $((e$r t$t te e#,ee +"0l, #"t $e (0r!$&e, te &"0#, $#i*$l

"r $#i*$l& +it"0t te ,e%e!tie "#e.

Te l$tter !$&e &$ll )e (re&0*e, +e# $ te$* y";e ($ir "r &et i& )"0't

ee# i% $ &e($r$te (ri!e $& )ee# %i6e, %"r e$! "#e "% te $#i*$l&

!"*("&i#' te &$*e. 14312

Art. 15<:. Te (r"i&i"#& "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le +it re&(e!t t" te &$le"% $#i*$l& &$ll i# li;e *$##er )e $((li!$)le t" te &$le "% "ter ti#'&.

1432

Art. 15<4. Tere i& #" +$rr$#ty $'$i#&t i,,e# ,e%e!t& "% $#i*$l& &"l, $t

%$ir& "r $t (0)li! $0!ti"#& "r "% lie &t"!; &"l, $& !"#,e*#e,. 143:$2

Art. 15<5. Te &$le "% $#i*$l& &0%%eri#' %r"* !"#t$'i"0& ,i&e$&e& &$ll )e

"i,.

A !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% $#i*$l& &$ll $l&" )e "i, i% te 0&e "r &eri!e %"r

+i! tey $re $!/0ire, $& )ee# &t$te, i# te !"#tr$!t $#, tey $re

%"0#, t" )e 0#%it tere%"r. 1434$2

Art. 15<. I% te i,,e# ,e%e!t "% $#i*$l& ee# i# !$&e $ (r"%e&&i"#$l

i#&(e!ti"# $& )ee# *$,e &"0l, )e "% &0! $ #$t0re t$t e6(ert

;#"+le,'e i& #"t &0%%i!ie#t t" ,i&!"er it te ,e%e!t &$ll )e !"#&i,ere, $&

re,i)it"ry.



B0t i% te eteri#$ri$# tr"0' i'#"r$#!e "r )$, %$it &"0l, %$il t"

,i&!"er "r ,i&!l"&e it e &$ll )e li$)le %"r ,$*$'e&. 14352

Art. 15<<. Te re,i)it"ry $!ti"# )$&e, "# te %$0lt& "r ,e%e!t& "% $#i*$l&

*0&t )e )r"0't +iti# %"rty ,$y& %r"* te ,$te "% teir ,eliery t" te

e#,ee.

Ti& $!ti"# !$# "#ly )e e6er!i&e, +it re&(e!t t" %$0lt& $#, ,e%e!t& +i!

$re ,eter*i#e, )y l$+ "r )y l"!$l !0&t"*&. 143$2

Art. 15<8. I% te $#i*$l &"0l, ,ie +iti# tree ,$y& $%ter it& (0r!$&e te

e#,"r &$ll )e li$)le i% te ,i&e$&e +i! !$0&e te ,e$t e6i&te, $t te

ti*e "% te !"#tr$!t. 143<$2

Art. 15<3. I% te &$le )e re&!i#,e, te $#i*$l &$ll )e ret0r#e, i# te

!"#,iti"# i# +i! it +$& &"l, $#, ,eliere, te e#,ee )ei#' $#&+er$)le

%"r $#y i#70ry ,0e t" i& #e'li'e#!e $#, #"t $ri&i#' %r"* te re,i)it"ry

%$0lt "r ,e%e!t. 14382

Art. 158. I# te &$le "% $#i*$l& +it re,i)it"ry ,e%e!t& te e#,ee &$ll

$l&" e#7"y te ri't *e#ti"#e, i# $rti!le 15<> )0t e *0&t *$;e 0&e

tere"% +iti# te &$*e (eri", +i! $& )ee# %i6e, %"r te e6er!i&e "% te

re,i)it"ry $!ti"#. 14332

Art. 1581. Te %"r* "% &$le "% l$r'e !$ttle &$ll )e '"er#e, )y &(e!i$l

l$+&. #2

CHAPTER 5OBLI@ATIONS OF THE VENDEE

Art. 158. Te e#,ee i& )"0#, t" $!!e(t ,eliery $#, t" ($y te (ri!e "%

te ti#' &"l, $t te ti*e $#, (l$!e &ti(0l$te, i# te !"#tr$!t.

I% te ti*e $#, (l$!e &"0l, #"t $e )ee# &ti(0l$te, te ($y*e#t *0&t

)e *$,e $t te ti*e $#, (l$!e "% te ,eliery "% te ti#' &"l,. 15$2

Art. 158:. U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, te )0yer "% '"",& i& #"t )"0#, t"$!!e(t ,eliery tere"% )y i#&t$ll*e#t&.

?ere tere i& $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% '"",& t" )e ,eliere, )y &t$te,

i#&t$ll*e#t& +i! $re t" )e &e($r$tely ($i, %"r $#, te &eller *$;e&

,e%e!tie ,elierie& i# re&(e!t "% "#e "r *"re i#&t$l*e#t& "r te )0yer

#e'le!t& "r re%0&e& +it"0t 70&t !$0&e t" t$;e ,eliery "% "r ($y %"r "#e

*"re i#&t$l*e#t& it ,e(e#,& i# e$! !$&e "# te ter*& "% te !"#tr$!t $#,



te !ir!0*&t$#!e& "% te !$&e +eter te )re$! "% !"#tr$!t i& &"

*$teri$l $& t" 70&ti%y te i#70re, ($rty i# re%0&i#' t" (r"!ee, %0rter $#,

&0i#' %"r ,$*$'e& %"r )re$! "% te e#tire !"#tr$!t "r +eter te )re$!

i& &eer$)le 'ii#' ri&e t" $ !l$i* %"r !"*(e#&$ti"# )0t #"t t" $ ri't t"

tre$t te +"le !"#tr$!t $& )r";e#. #2

Art. 1584. ?ere '"",& $re ,eliere, t" te )0yer +i! e $& #"t

(rei"0&ly e6$*i#e, e i& #"t ,ee*e, t" $e $!!e(te, te* 0#le&& $#,

0#til e $& $, $ re$&"#$)le "(("rt0#ity "% e6$*i#i#' te* %"r te

(0r("&e "% $&!ert$i#i#' +eter tey $re i# !"#%"r*ity +it te !"#tr$!t i%

tere i& #" &ti(0l$ti"# t" te !"#tr$ry.

U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, +e# te &eller te#,er& ,eliery "% '"",& t" te

)0yer e i& )"0#, "# re/0e&t t" $%%"r, te )0yer $ re$&"#$)le

"(("rt0#ity "% e6$*i#i#' te '"",& %"r te (0r("&e "% $&!ert$i#i#'

+eter tey $re i# !"#%"r*ity +it te !"#tr$!t.

?ere '"",& $re ,eliere, t" $ !$rrier )y te &eller i# $!!"r,$#!e +it $#

"r,er %r"* "r $'ree*e#t +it te )0yer 0("# te ter*& t$t te '"",&

&$ll #"t )e ,eliere, )y te !$rrier t" te )0yer 0#til e $& ($i, te

(ri!e +eter &0! ter*& $re i#,i!$te, )y *$r;i#' te '"",& +it te

+"r,& 9!"lle!t "# ,eliery9 "r "ter+i&e te )0yer i& #"t e#title, t"

e6$*i#e te '"",& )e%"re te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e i# te $)&e#!e "%

$'ree*e#t "r 0&$'e "% tr$,e (er*itti#' &0! e6$*i#$ti"#. #2

Art. 1585. Te )0yer i& ,ee*e, t" $e $!!e(te, te '"",& +e# e

i#ti*$te& t" te &eller t$t e $& $!!e(te, te* "r +e# te '"",& $e)ee# ,eliere, t" i* $#, e ,"e& $#y $!t i# rel$ti"# t" te* +i! i&

i#!"#&i&te#t +it te "+#er&i( "% te &eller "r +e# $%ter te l$(&e "% $

re$&"#$)le ti*e e ret$i#& te '"",& +it"0t i#ti*$ti#' t" te &eller t$t

e $& re7e!te, te*. #2

Art. 158. I# te $)&e#!e "% e6(re&& "r i*(lie, $'ree*e#t "% te ($rtie&

$!!e(t$#!e "% te '"",& )y te )0yer &$ll #"t ,i&!$r'e te &eller %r"*

li$)ility i# ,$*$'e& "r "ter le'$l re*e,y %"r )re$! "% $#y (r"*i&e "r

+$rr$#ty i# te !"#tr$!t "% &$le. B0t i% $%ter $!!e(t$#!e "% te '"",& te

)0yer %$il& t" 'ie #"ti!e t" te &eller "% te )re$! i# $#y (r"*i&e "%

+$rr$#ty +iti# $ re$&"#$)le ti*e $%ter te )0yer ;#"+& "r "0't t"

;#"+ "% &0! )re$! te &eller &$ll #"t )e li$)le tere%"r. #2

Art. 158<. U#le&& "ter+i&e $'ree, +ere '"",& $re ,eliere, t" te

)0yer $#, e re%0&e& t" $!!e(t te* $i#' te ri't &" t" ," e i& #"t

)"0#, t" ret0r# te* t" te &eller )0t it i& &0%%i!ie#t i% e #"ti%ie& te



&eller t$t e re%0&e& t" $!!e(t te*. I% e "l0#t$rily !"#&tit0te& i*&el% $

,e("&it$ry tere"% e &$ll )e li$)le $& &0!. #2

Art. 1588. I% tere i& #" &ti(0l$ti"# $& &(e!i%ie, i# te %ir&t ($r$'r$( "%

$rti!le 15: +e# te )0yer& re%0&$l t" $!!e(t te '"",& i& +it"0t 70&t

!$0&e te title teret" ($&&e& t" i* %r"* te *"*e#t tey $re (l$!e, $ti& ,i&("&$l. #2

Art. 1583. Te e#,ee &$ll "+e i#tere&t %"r te (eri", )et+ee# te

,eliery "% te ti#' $#, te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e i# te %"ll"+i#' tree

!$&e&

12 S"0l, it $e )ee# &" &ti(0l$te,>

2 S"0l, te ti#' &"l, $#, ,eliere, (r",0!e %r0it& "r i#!"*e>

:2 S"0l, e )e i# ,e%$0lt %r"* te ti*e "% 70,i!i$l "r e6tr$70,i!i$l

,e*$#, %"r te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e. 151$2

Art. 153. S"0l, te e#,ee )e ,i&t0r)e, i# te ("&&e&&i"# "r "+#er&i("% te ti#' $!/0ire, "r &"0l, e $e re$&"#$)le 'r"0#,& t" %e$r &0!,i&t0r)$#!e )y $ i#,i!$t"ry $!ti"# "r $ %"re!l"&0re "% *"rt'$'e e *$y&0&(e#, te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e 0#til te e#,"r $& !$0&e, te

,i&t0r)$#!e "r ,$#'er t" !e$&e 0#le&& te l$tter 'ie& &e!0rity %"r teret0r# "% te (ri!e i# $ (r"(er !$&e "r it $& )ee# &ti(0l$te, t$t

#"t+it&t$#,i#' $#y &0! !"#ti#'e#!y te e#,ee &$ll )e )"0#, t" *$;ete ($y*e#t. A *ere $!t "% tre&($&& &$ll #"t $0t"ri=e te &0&(e#&i"# "%

te ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e. 15$2

Art. 1531. S"0l, te e#,"r $e re$&"#$)le 'r"0#,& t" %e$r te l"&& "%

i**"$)le (r"(erty &"l, $#, it& (ri!e e *$y i**e,i$tely &0e %"r te

re&!i&&i"# "% te &$le.

S"0l, &0! 'r"0#, #"t e6i&t te (r"i&i"#& "% Arti!le 1131 &$ll )e

")&ere,. 15:2

Art. 153. I# te &$le "% i**"$)le (r"(erty ee# t"0' it *$y $e

)ee# &ti(0l$te, t$t 0("# %$il0re t" ($y te (ri!e $t te ti*e $'ree, 0("#

te re&!i&&i"# "% te !"#tr$!t &$ll "% ri't t$;e (l$!e te e#,ee *$y ($y

ee# $%ter te e6(ir$ti"# "% te (eri", $& l"#' $& #" ,e*$#, %"r re&!i&&i"#

"% te !"#tr$!t $& )ee# *$,e 0("# i* eiter 70,i!i$lly "r )y $ #"t$ri$l

$!t. A%ter te ,e*$#, te !"0rt *$y #"t 'r$#t i* $ #e+ ter*. 154$2

Art. 153:. ?it re&(e!t t" *"$)le (r"(erty te re&!i&&i"# "% te &$le

&$ll "% ri't t$;e (l$!e i# te i#tere&t "% te e#,"r i% te e#,ee 0("#



te e6(ir$ti"# "% te (eri", %i6e, %"r te ,eliery "% te ti#' &"0l, #"t

$e $((e$re, t" re!eie it "r $i#' $((e$re, e &"0l, #"t $e

te#,ere, te (ri!e $t te &$*e ti*e 0#le&& $ l"#'er (eri", $& )ee#

&ti(0l$te, %"r it& ($y*e#t. 1552

CHAPTER ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT OF SALE OF @OODS

Art. 1534. A!ti"#& %"r )re$! "% te !"#tr$!t "% &$le "% '"",& &$ll )e

'"er#e, ($rti!0l$rly )y te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& C$(ter $#, $& t" *$tter&#"t &(e!i%i!$lly (r"i,e, %"r erei# )y "ter $((li!$)le (r"i&i"#& "% ti&Title. #2

Art. 1535. ?ere 0#,er $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le te "+#er&i( "% te '"",& $&

($&&e, t" te )0yer $#, e +r"#'%0lly #e'le!t& "r re%0&e& t" ($y %"r te

'"",& $!!"r,i#' t" te ter*& "% te !"#tr$!t "% &$le te &eller *$y*$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# $'$i#&t i* %"r te (ri!e "% te '"",&.

?ere 0#,er $ !"#tr$!t "% &$le te (ri!e i& ($y$)le "# $ !ert$i# ,$y

irre&(e!tie "% ,eliery "r "% tr$#&%er "% title $#, te )0yer +r"#'%0lly

#e'le!t& "r re%0&e& t" ($y &0! (ri!e te &eller *$y *$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# %"r

te (ri!e $lt"0' te "+#er&i( i# te '"",& $& #"t ($&&e,. B0t it &$ll

)e $ ,e%e#&e t" &0! $# $!ti"# t$t te &eller $t $#y ti*e )e%"re te

70,'*e#t i# &0! $!ti"# $& *$#i%e&te, $# i#$)ility t" (er%"r* te

!"#tr$!t "% &$le "# i& ($rt "r $# i#te#ti"# #"t t" (er%"r* it.

Alt"0' te "+#er&i( i# te '"",& $& #"t ($&&e, i% tey !$##"t re$,ily

)e re&"l, %"r $ re$&"#$)le (ri!e $#, i% te (r"i&i"#& "% $rti!le 153

%"0rt ($r$'r$( $re #"t $((li!$)le te &eller *$y "%%er t" ,elier te

'"",& t" te )0yer $#, i% te )0yer re%0&e& t" re!eie te* *$y #"ti%y

te )0yer t$t te '"",& $re tere$%ter el, )y te &eller $& )$ilee %"r te

)0yer. Tere$%ter te &eller *$y tre$t te '"",& $& te )0yer& $#, *$y

*$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# %"r te (ri!e. #2

Art. 153. ?ere te )0yer +r"#'%0lly #e'le!t& "r re%0&e& t" $!!e(t $#,

($y %"r te '"",& te &eller *$y *$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# $'$i#&t i* %"r

,$*$'e& %"r #"#$!!e(t$#!e.

Te *e$&0re "% ,$*$'e& i& te e&ti*$te, l"&& ,ire!tly $#, #$t0r$lly

re&0lti#' i# te "r,i#$ry !"0r&e "% ee#t& %r"* te )0yer& )re$! "%

!"#tr$!t.

?ere tere i& $# $$il$)le *$r;et %"r te '"",& i# /0e&ti"# te *e$&0re

"% ,$*$'e& i& i# te $)&e#!e "% &(e!i$l !ir!0*&t$#!e& &"+i#' (r"6i*$te



,$*$'e "% $ ,i%%ere#t $*"0#t te ,i%%ere#!e )et+ee# te !"#tr$!t (ri!e

$#, te *$r;et "r !0rre#t (ri!e $t te ti*e "r ti*e& +e# te '"",& "0't

t" $e )ee# $!!e(te, "r i% #" ti*e +$& %i6e, %"r $!!e(t$#!e te# $t te

ti*e "% te re%0&$l t" $!!e(t.

I% +ile l$)"r "r e6(e#&e "% *$teri$l $*"0#t i& #e!e&&$ry "# te ($rt "% te &eller t" e#$)le i* t" %0l%ill i& ")li'$ti"#& 0#,er te !"#tr$!t "% &$le

te )0yer re(0,i$te& te !"#tr$!t "r #"ti%ie& te &eller t" (r"!ee, #"

%0rter tere+it te )0yer &$ll )e li$)le t" te &eller %"r l$)"r (er%"r*e,

"r e6(e#&e& *$,e )e%"re re!eii#' #"ti!e "% te )0yer& re(0,i$ti"# "r

!"0#ter*$#,. Te (r"%it te &eller +"0l, $e *$,e i% te !"#tr$!t "r te

&$le $, )ee# %0lly (er%"r*e, &$ll )e !"#&i,ere, i# $+$r,i#' te

,$*$'e&. #2

Art. 153<. ?ere te '"",& $e #"t )ee# ,eliere, t" te )0yer $#, te

)0yer $& re(0,i$te, te !"#tr$!t "% &$le "r $& *$#i%e&te, i& i#$)ility t"

(er%"r* i& ")li'$ti"#& tere0#,er "r $& !"**itte, $ )re$! tere"% te

&eller *$y t"t$lly re&!i#, te !"#tr$!t "% &$le )y 'ii#' #"ti!e "% i&

ele!ti"# &" t" ," t" te )0yer. #2

Art. 1538. ?ere te &eller $& )r";e# $ !"#tr$!t t" ,elier &(e!i%i! "r

$&!ert$i#e, '"",& $ !"0rt *$y "# te $((li!$ti"# "% te )0yer ,ire!t t$t

te !"#tr$!t &$ll )e (er%"r*e, &(e!i%i!$lly +it"0t 'ii#' te &eller te

"(ti"# "% ret$i#i#' te '"",& "# ($y*e#t "% ,$*$'e&. Te 70,'*e#t "r

,e!ree *$y )e 0#!"#,iti"#$l "r 0("# &0! ter*& $#, !"#,iti"#& $& t"

,$*$'e& ($y*e#t "% te (ri!e $#, "ter+i&e $& te !"0rt *$y ,ee* 70&t.

#2

Art. 1533. ?ere tere i& $ )re$! "% +$rr$#ty )y te &eller te )0yer

*$y $t i& ele!ti"#

12 A!!e(t "r ;ee( te '"",& $#, &et 0( $'$i#&t te &eller te

)re$! "% +$rr$#ty )y +$y "% re!"0(*e#t i# ,i*i#0ti"# "r e6ti#!ti"#

"% te (ri!e>

2 A!!e(t "r ;ee( te '"",& $#, *$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# $'$i#&t te

&eller %"r ,$*$'e& %"r te )re$! "% +$rr$#ty>

:2 Re%0&e t" $!!e(t te '"",& $#, *$i#t$i# $# $!ti"# $'$i#&t te

&eller %"r ,$*$'e& %"r te )re$! "% +$rr$#ty>

42 Re&!i#, te !"#tr$!t "% &$le $#, re%0&e t" re!eie te '"",& "r i%

te '"",& $e $lre$,y )ee# re!eie, ret0r# te* "r "%%er t" ret0r#

te* t" te &eller $#, re!"er te (ri!e "r $#y ($rt tere"% +i!



$& )ee# ($i,.

?e# te )0yer $& !l$i*e, $#, )ee# 'r$#te, $ re*e,y i# $#y"#e "%

te&e +$y& #" "ter re*e,y !$# tere$%ter )e 'r$#te, +it"0t

(re70,i!e t" te (r"i&i"#& "% te &e!"#, ($r$'r$( "% Arti!le 1131.

?ere te '"",& $e )ee# ,eliere, t" te )0yer e !$##"t re&!i#,

te &$le i% e ;#e+ "% te )re$! "% +$rr$#ty +e# e $!!e(te, te

'"",& +it"0t (r"te&t "r i% e %$il& t" #"ti%y te &eller +iti# $

re$&"#$)le ti*e "% te ele!ti"# t" re&!i#, "r i% e %$il& t" ret0r# "r t"

"%%er t" ret0r# te '"",& t" te &eller i# &0)&t$#ti$lly $& '"",

!"#,iti"# $& tey +ere i# $t te ti*e te "+#er&i( +$& tr$#&%erre,

t" te )0yer. B0t i% ,eteri"r$ti"# "r i#70ry "% te '"",& i& ,0e t" te

)re$! "r +$rr$#ty &0! ,eteri"r$ti"# "r i#70ry &$ll #"t (ree#t te

)0yer %r"* ret0r#i#' "r "%%eri#' t" ret0r# te '"",& t" te &eller $#,

re&!i#,i#' te &$le.

?ere te )0yer i& e#title, t" re&!i#, te &$le $#, ele!t& t" ," &" e

&$ll !e$&e t" )e li$)le %"r te (ri!e 0("# ret0r#i#' "r "%%eri#' t"

ret0r# te '"",&. I% te (ri!e "r $#y ($rt tere"% $& $lre$,y )ee#

($i, te &eller &$ll )e li$)le t" re($y &" *0! tere"% $& $& )ee#

($i, !"#!0rre#tly +it te ret0r# "% te '"",& "r i**e,i$tely $%ter

$# "%%er t" ret0r# te '"",& i# e6!$#'e %"r re($y*e#t "% te (ri!e.

?ere te )0yer i& e#title, t" re&!i#, te &$le $#, ele!t& t" ," &" i%

te &eller re%0&e& t" $!!e(t $# "%%er "% te )0yer t" ret0r# te '"",&

te )0yer &$ll tere$%ter )e ,ee*e, t" "l, te '"",& $& )$ilee %"rte &eller )0t &0)7e!t t" $ lie# t" &e!0re ($y*e#t "% $#y ("rti"# "%

te (ri!e +i! $& )ee# ($i, $#, +it te re*e,ie& %"r te

e#%"r!e*e#t "% &0! lie# $ll"+e, t" $# 0#($i, &eller )y Arti!le 15.

52 I# te !$&e "% )re$! "% +$rr$#ty "% /0$lity &0! l"&& i# te

$)&e#!e "% &(e!i$l !ir!0*&t$#!e& &"+i#' (r"6i*$te ,$*$'e "% $

're$ter $*"0#t i& te ,i%%ere#!e )et+ee# te $l0e "% te '"",& $t

te ti*e "% ,eliery t" te )0yer $#, te $l0e tey +"0l, $e $,

i% tey $, $#&+ere, t" te +$rr$#ty. #2

CHAPTER <ETIN@UISHMENT OF SALE

Art. 1. S$le& $re e6ti#'0i&e, )y te &$*e !$0&e& $& $ll "ter")li'$ti"#& )y t"&e &t$te, i# te (re!e,i#' $rti!le& "% ti& Title $#, )y

!"#e#ti"#$l "r le'$l re,e*(ti"#. 152



SECTION 1. - C"#e#ti"#$l Re,e*(ti"#

Art. 11. C"#e#ti"#$l re,e*(ti"# &$ll t$;e (l$!e +e# te e#,"rre&ere& te ri't t" re(0r!$&e te ti#' &"l, +it te ")li'$ti"# t"!"*(ly +it te (r"i&i"#& "% Arti!le 11 $#, "ter &ti(0l$ti"#& +i!*$y $e )ee# $'ree, 0("#. 15<2

Art. 1. Te !"#tr$!t &$ll )e (re&0*e, t" )e $# e/0it$)le *"rt'$'e i#

$#y "% te %"ll"+i#' !$&e&

12 ?e# te (ri!e "% $ &$le +it ri't t" re(0r!$&e i& 0#0&0$lly

i#$,e/0$te>

2 ?e# te e#,"r re*$i#& i# ("&&e&&i"# $& le&&ee "r "ter+i&e>

:2 ?e# 0("# "r $%ter te e6(ir$ti"# "% te ri't t" re(0r!$&e

$#"ter i#&tr0*e#t e6te#,i#' te (eri", "% re,e*(ti"# "r 'r$#ti#' $#e+ (eri", i& e6e!0te,>

42 ?e# te (0r!$&er ret$i#& %"r i*&el% $ ($rt "% te (0r!$&e

(ri!e>

52 ?e# te e#,"r )i#,& i*&el% t" ($y te t$6e& "# te ti#'

&"l,>

2 I# $#y "ter !$&e +ere it *$y )e %$irly i#%erre, t$t te re$l

i#te#ti"# "% te ($rtie& i& t$t te tr$#&$!ti"# &$ll &e!0re te

($y*e#t "% $ ,e)t "r te (er%"r*$#!e "% $#y "ter ")li'$ti"#.

I# $#y "% te %"re'"i#' !$&e& $#y *"#ey %r0it& "r "ter )e#e%it t" )ere!eie, )y te e#,ee $& re#t "r "ter+i&e &$ll )e !"#&i,ere, $& i#tere&t

+i! &$ll )e &0)7e!t t" te 0&0ry l$+&. #2

Art. 1:. I# !$&e "% ,"0)t $ !"#tr$!t (0r("rti#' t" )e $ &$le +it ri't t"

re(0r!$&e &$ll )e !"#&tr0e, $& $# e/0it$)le *"rt'$'e. #2

Art. 14. Te (r"i&i"#& "% Arti!le 1 &$ll $l&" $((ly t" $ !"#tr$!t

(0r("rti#' t" )e $# $)&"l0te &$le. #2

Art. 15. I# te !$&e& re%erre, t" i# Arti!le& 1 $#, 14 te $(($re#t

e#,"r *$y $&; %"r te re%"r*$ti"# "% te i#&tr0*e#t. #2

Art. 1. Te ri't re%erre, t" i# Arti!le 11 i# te $)&e#!e "% $#

e6(re&& $'ree*e#t &$ll l$&t %"0r ye$r& %r"* te ,$te "% te !"#tr$!t.



S"0l, tere )e $# $'ree*e#t te (eri", !$##"t e6!ee, te# ye$r&.

H"+eer te e#,"r *$y &till e6er!i&e te ri't t" re(0r!$&e +iti#

tirty ,$y& %r"* te ti*e %i#$l 70,'*e#t +$& re#,ere, i# $ !iil $!ti"# "#

te )$&i& t$t te !"#tr$!t +$& $ tr0e &$le +it ri't t" re(0r!$&e.

158$2

Art. 1<. I# !$&e "% re$l (r"(erty te !"#&"li,$ti"# "% "+#er&i( i# te

e#,ee )y irt0e "% te %$il0re "% te e#,"r t" !"*(ly +it te (r"i&i"#&

"% $rti!le 11 &$ll #"t )e re!"r,e, i# te Re'i&try "% Pr"(erty +it"0t $

70,i!i$l "r,er $%ter te e#,"r $& )ee# ,0ly e$r,. #2

Art. 18. Te e#,"r *$y )ri#' i& $!ti"# $'$i#&t eery ("&&e&&"r +"&e

ri't i& ,erie, %r"* te e#,ee ee# i% i# te &e!"#, !"#tr$!t #" *e#ti"#

&"0l, $e )ee# *$,e "% te ri't t" re(0r!$&e +it"0t (re70,i!e t" te

(r"i&i"#& "% te M"rt'$'e L$+ $#, te L$#, Re'i&tr$ti"# L$+ +it

re&(e!t t" tir, (er&"#&. 1512

Art. 13. Te e#,ee i& &0)r"'$te, t" te e#,"r& ri't& $#, $!ti"#&.

15112

Art. 11. Te !re,it"r& "% te e#,"r !$##"t *$;e 0&e "% te ri't "%

re,e*(ti"# $'$i#&t te e#,ee 0#til $%ter tey $e e6$0&te, te

(r"(erty "% te e#,"r. 1512

Art. 111. I# $ &$le +it $ ri't t" re(0r!$&e te e#,ee "% $ ($rt "% $#

0#,ii,e, i**"$)le +" $!/0ire& te +"le tere"% i# te !$&e "% $rti!le438 *$y !"*(el te e#,"r t" re,ee* te +"le (r"(erty i% te l$tter

+i&e& t" *$;e 0&e "% te ri't "% re,e*(ti"#. 151:2

Art. 11. I% &eer$l (er&"#& 7"i#tly $#, i# te &$*e !"#tr$!t &"0l, &ell

$# 0#,ii,e, i**"$)le +it $ ri't "% re(0r!$&e #"#e "% te* *$y

e6er!i&e ti& ri't %"r *"re t$# i& re&(e!tie &$re.

Te &$*e r0le &$ll $((ly i% te (er&"# +" &"l, $# i**"$)le $l"#e $&

le%t &eer$l eir& i# +i! !$&e e$! "% te l$tter *$y "#ly re,ee* te

($rt +i! e *$y $e $!/0ire,. 15142

Art. 11:. I# te !$&e "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le te e#,ee *$y ,e*$#, "%

$ll te e#,"r& "r !"-eir& t$t tey !"*e t" $# $'ree*e#t 0("# te

(0r!$&e "% te +"le ti#' &"l,> $#, &"0l, tey %$il t" ," &" te e#,ee

!$##"t )e !"*(elle, t" !"#&e#t t" $ ($rti$l re,e*(ti"#. 15152



Art. 114. E$! "#e "% te !"-"+#er& "% $# 0#,ii,e, i**"$)le +" *$y

$e &"l, i& &$re &e($r$tely *$y i#,e(e#,e#tly e6er!i&e te ri't "%

re(0r!$&e $& re'$r,& i& "+# &$re $#, te e#,ee !$##"t !"*(el i*

t" re,ee* te +"le (r"(erty. 1512

Art. 115. I% te e#,ee &"0l, le$e &eer$l eir& te $!ti"# %"rre,e*(ti"# !$##"t )e )r"0't $'$i#&t e$! "% te* e6!e(t %"r i& "+#

&$re +eter te ti#' )e 0#,ii,e, "r it $& )ee# ($rtiti"#e, $*"#'

te*.

B0t i% te i#erit$#!e $& )ee# ,ii,e, $#, te ti#' &"l, $& )ee#

$+$r,e, t" "#e "% te eir& te $!ti"# %"r re,e*(ti"# *$y )e i#&tit0te,

$'$i#&t i* %"r te +"le. 151<2

Art. 11. Te e#,"r !$##"t $$il i*&el% "% te ri't "% re(0r!$&e

+it"0t ret0r#i#' t" te e#,ee te (ri!e "% te &$le $#, i# $,,iti"#

12 Te e6(e#&e& "% te !"#tr$!t $#, $#y "ter le'iti*$te ($y*e#t&

*$,e )y re$&"# "% te &$le>

2 Te #e!e&&$ry $#, 0&e%0l e6(e#&e& *$,e "# te ti#' &"l,.

15182

Art. 11<. I% $t te ti*e "% te e6e!0ti"# "% te &$le tere &"0l, )e "# tel$#, i&i)le "r 'r"+i#' %r0it& tere &$ll )e #" rei*)0r&e*e#t %"r "r

(r"r$ti#' "% t"&e e6i&ti#' $t te ti*e "% re,e*(ti"# i% #" i#,e*#ity +$&($i, )y te (0r!$&er +e# te &$le +$& e6e!0te,.

S"0l, tere $e )ee# #" %r0it& $t te ti*e "% te &$le $#, &"*e e6i&t $t

te ti*e "% re,e*(ti"# tey &$ll )e (r"r$te, )et+ee# te re,e*(ti"#er

$#, te e#,ee 'ii#' te l$tter te ($rt !"rre&("#,i#' t" te ti*e e

("&&e&&e, te l$#, i# te l$&t ye$r !"0#te, %r"* te $##ier&$ry "% te

,$te "% te &$le. 1513$2

Art. 118. Te e#,"r +" re!"er& te ti#' &"l, &$ll re!eie it %ree %r"*

$ll !$r'e& "r *"rt'$'e& !"#&tit0te, )y te e#,ee )0t e &$ll re&(e!t

te le$&e& +i! te l$tter *$y $e e6e!0te, i# '"", %$it $#, i#

$!!"r,$#!e +it te !0&t"* "% te (l$!e +ere te l$#, i& &it0$te,.152

SECTION . - Le'$l Re,e*(ti"#

Art. 113. Le'$l re,e*(ti"# i& te ri't t" )e &0)r"'$te, 0("# te &$*eter*& $#, !"#,iti"#& &ti(0l$te, i# te !"#tr$!t i# te (l$!e "% "#e +"



$!/0ire& $ ti#' )y (0r!$&e "r ,$ti"# i# ($y*e#t "r )y $#y "tertr$#&$!ti"# +ere)y "+#er&i( i& tr$#&*itte, )y "#er"0& title. 151$2

Art. 1. A !"-"+#er "% $ ti#' *$y e6er!i&e te ri't "% re,e*(ti"# i#

!$&e te &$re& "% $ll te "ter !"-"+#er& "r "% $#y "% te* $re &"l, t" $

tir, (er&"#. I% te (ri!e "% te $lie#$ti"# i& 'r"&&ly e6!e&&ie tere,e*(ti"#er &$ll ($y "#ly $ re$&"#$)le "#e.

S"0l, t+" "r *"re !"-"+#er& ,e&ire t" e6er!i&e te ri't "% re,e*(ti"#

tey *$y "#ly ," &" i# (r"("rti"# t" te &$re tey *$y re&(e!tiely $e

i# te ti#' "+#e, i# !"**"#. 15$2

Art. 11. Te "+#er& "% $,7"i#i#' l$#,& &$ll $l&" $e te ri't "%

re,e*(ti"# +e# $ (ie!e "% r0r$l l$#, te $re$ "% +i! ,"e& #"t e6!ee,

"#e e!t$re i& $lie#$te, 0#le&& te 'r$#tee ,"e& #"t "+# $#y r0r$l l$#,.

Ti& ri't i& #"t $((li!$)le t" $,7$!e#t l$#,& +i! $re &e($r$te, )y

)r"";& ,r$i#& r$i#e& r"$,& $#, "ter $(($re#t &erit0,e& %"r te )e#e%it

"% "ter e&t$te&.

I% t+" "r *"re $,7"i#i#' "+#er& ,e&ire t" e6er!i&e te ri't "% re,e*(ti"#

$t te &$*e ti*e te "+#er "% te $,7"i#i#' l$#, "% &*$ller $re$ &$ll )e

(re%erre,> $#, &"0l, )"t l$#,& $e te &$*e $re$ te "#e +" %ir&t

re/0e&te, te re,e*(ti"#. 15:$2

Art. 1. ?e#eer $ (ie!e "% 0r)$# l$#, +i! i& &" &*$ll $#, &"

&it0$te, t$t $ *$7"r ("rti"# tere"% !$##"t )e 0&e, %"r $#y (r$!ti!$l(0r("&e +iti# $ re$&"#$)le ti*e $i#' )ee# )"0't *erely %"r

&(e!0l$ti"# i& $)"0t t" )e re-&"l, te "+#er "% $#y $,7"i#i#' l$#, $& $

ri't "% (re-e*(ti"# $t $ re$&"#$)le (ri!e.

I% te re-&$le $& )ee# (er%e!te, te "+#er "% te $,7"i#i#' l$#, &$ll

$e $ ri't "% re,e*(ti"# $l&" $t $ re$&"#$)le (ri!e.

?e# t+" "r *"re "+#er& "% $,7"i#i#' l$#,& +i& t" e6er!i&e te ri't "%

(re-e*(ti"# "r re,e*(ti"# te "+#er +"&e i#te#,e, 0&e "% te l$#, i#

/0e&ti"# $((e$r& )e&t 70&ti%ie, &$ll )e (re%erre,. #2

Art. 1:. Te ri't "% le'$l (re-e*(ti"# "r re,e*(ti"# &$ll #"t )e

e6er!i&e, e6!e(t +iti# tirty ,$y& %r"* te #"ti!e i# +riti#' )y te

(r"&(e!tie e#,"r "r )y te e#,"r $& te !$&e *$y )e. Te ,ee, "% &$le

&$ll #"t )e re!"r,e, i# te Re'i&try "% Pr"(erty 0#le&& $!!"*($#ie, )y



$# $%%i,$it "% te e#,"r t$t e $& 'ie# +ritte# #"ti!e tere"% t" $ll

("&&i)le re,e*(ti"#er&.

Te ri't "% re,e*(ti"# "% !"-"+#er& e6!l0,e& t$t "% $,7"i#i#' "+#er&.

154$2

CHAPTER 8ASSI@NMENT OF CREDITS AND OTHER INCORPOREAL RI@HTS

Art. 14. A# $&&i'#*e#t "% !re,it"r& $#, "ter i#!"r("re$l ri't& &$ll )e

(er%e!te, i# $!!"r,$#!e +it te (r"i&i"#& "% Arti!le 14<5. #2

Art. 15. A# $&&i'#*e#t "% $ !re,it ri't "r $!ti"# &$ll (r",0!e #" e%%e!t

$& $'$i#&t tir, (er&"# 0#le&& it $((e$r& i# $ (0)li! i#&tr0*e#t "r te

i#&tr0*e#t i& re!"r,e, i# te Re'i&try "% Pr"(erty i# !$&e te $&&i'#*e#t

i#"le& re$l (r"(erty. 152

Art. 1. Te ,e)t"r +" )e%"re $i#' ;#"+le,'e "% te $&&i'#*e#t

($y& i& !re,it"r &$ll )e rele$&e, %r"* te ")li'$ti"#. 15<2

Art. 1<. Te $&&i'#*e#t "% $ !re,it i#!l0,e& $ll te $!!e&&"ry ri't&

&0! $& $ '0$r$#ty *"rt'$'e (le,'e "r (re%ere#!e. 1582

Art. 18. Te e#,"r i# '"", %$it &$ll )e re&("#&i)le %"r te e6i&te#!e

$#, le'$lity "% te !re,it $t te ti*e "% te &$le 0#le&& it &"0l, $e )ee#

&"l, $& ,"0)t%0l> )0t #"t %"r te &"le#!y "% te ,e)t"r 0#le&& it $& )ee#

&" e6(re&&ly &ti(0l$te, "r 0#le&& te i#&"le#!y +$& (ri"r t" te &$le $#,

"% !"**"# ;#"+le,'e.

Ee# i# te&e !$&e& e &$ll "#ly )e li$)le %"r te (ri!e re!eie, $#, %"r te

e6(e#&e& &(e!i%ie, i# N". 1 "% Arti!le 11.

Te e#,"r i# )$, %$it &$ll $l+$y& )e $#&+er$)le %"r te ($y*e#t "% $ll

e6(e#&e& $#, %"r ,$*$'e&. 1532

Art. 13. I# !$&e te $&&i'#"r i# '"", %$it &"0l, $e *$,e i*&el%

re&("#&i)le %"r te &"le#!y "% te ,e)t"r $#, te !"#tr$!ti#' ($rtie&&"0l, #"t $e $'ree, 0("# te ,0r$ti"# "% te li$)ility it &$ll l$&t %"r

"#e ye$r "#ly %r"* te ti*e "% te $&&i'#*e#t i% te (eri", $, $lre$,y

e6(ire,.

I% te !re,it &"0l, )e ($y$)le +iti# $ ter* "r (eri", +i! $& #"t yet

e6(ire, te li$)ility &$ll !e$&e "#e ye$r $%ter te *$t0rity. 15:$2



Art. 1:. O#e +" &ell& $# i#erit$#!e +it"0t e#0*er$ti#' te ti#'& "%

+i! it i& !"*("&e, &$ll "#ly )e $#&+er$)le %"r i& !$r$!ter $& $# eir.

15:12

Art. 1:1. O#e +" &ell& %"r $ l0*( &0* te +"le "% !ert$i# ri't& re#t&

"r (r",0!t& &$ll !"*(ly )y $#&+eri#' %"r te le'iti*$!y "% te +"le i#'e#er$l> )0t e &$ll #"t )e ")li'e, t" +$rr$#t e$! "% te $ri"0& ($rt& "%

+i! it *$y )e !"*("&e, e6!e(t i# te !$&e "% ei!ti"# %r"* te +"le "r

te ($rt "% 're$ter $l0e. 15:$2

Art. 1:. S"0l, te e#,"r $e (r"%ite, )y &"*e "% te %r0it& "r

re!eie, $#yti#' %r"* te i#erit$#!e &"l, e &$ll ($y te e#,ee

tere"% i% te !"#tr$ry $& #"t )ee# &ti(0l$te,. 15::2

Art. 1::. Te e#,ee &$ll "# i& ($rt rei*)0r&e te e#,"r %"r $ll t$t

te l$tter *$y $e ($i, %"r te ,e)t& "% $#, !$r'e& "# te e&t$te $#,

&$ti&%y te !re,it& e *$y $e $'$i#&t te &$*e 0#le&& tere i& $#

$'ree*e#t t" te !"#tr$ry. 15:42

Art. 1:4. ?e# $ !re,it "r "ter i#!"r("re$l ri't i# liti'$ti"# i& &"l, te

,e)t"r &$ll $e $ ri't t" e6ti#'0i& it )y rei*)0r&i#' te $&&i'#ee %"r

te (ri!e te l$tter ($i, tere%"r te 70,i!i$l !"&t& i#!0rre, )y i* $#,

te i#tere&t "# te (ri!e %r"* te ,$y "# +i! te &$*e +$& ($i,.

A !re,it "r "ter i#!"r("re$l ri't &$ll )e !"#&i,ere, i# liti'$ti"# %r"* te

ti*e te !"*(l$i#t !"#!er#i#' te &$*e i& $#&+ere,.

Te ,e)t"r *$y e6er!i&e i& ri't +iti# tirty ,$y& %r"* te ,$te te

$&&i'#ee ,e*$#,& ($y*e#t %r"* i*. 15:52

Art. 1:5. Fr"* te (r"i&i"#& "% te (re!e,i#' $rti!le &$ll )e e6!e(te,

te $&&i'#*e#t& "r &$le& *$,e

12 T" $ !"-eir "r !"-"+#er "% te ri't $&&i'#e,>

2 T" $ !re,it"r i# ($y*e#t "% i& !re,it>

:2 T" te ("&&e&&"r "% $ te#e*e#t "r (ie!e "% l$#, +i! i& &0)7e!t

t" te ri't i# liti'$ti"# $&&i'#e,. 15:2

CHAPTER 3@ENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1:. I# te (re!e,i#' $rti!le& i# ti& Title '"er#i#' te &$le "% '"",& 0#le&& te !"#te6t "r &0)7e!t *$tter "ter+i&e re/0ire&



12 "Document of title to goods" i#!l0,e& $#y )ill "% l$,i#' ,"!;

+$rr$#t 9/0e,$#9 "r +$re"0&e re!ei(t "r "r,er %"r te ,eliery "%

'"",& "r $#y "ter ,"!0*e#t 0&e, i# te "r,i#$ry !"0r&e "%

)0&i#e&& i# te &$le "r tr$#&%er "% '"",& $& (r""% "% te ("&&e&&i"#

"r !"#tr"l "% te '"",& "r $0t"ri=i#' "r (0r("rti#' t" $0t"ri=e te

("&&e&&"r "% te ,"!0*e#t t" tr$#&%er "r re!eie eiter )ye#,"r&e*e#t "r )y ,eliery '"",& re(re&e#te, )y &0! ,"!0*e#t.

"Goods" i#!l0,e& $ll !$ttel& (er&"#$l )0t #"t ti#'& i# $!ti"# "r

*"#ey "% le'$l te#,er i# te Pili((i#e&. Te ter* i#!l0,e& 'r"+i#'

%r0it& "r !r"(&.

"Order" rel$ti#' t" ,"!0*e#t& "% title *e$#& $# "r,er )y

e#,"r&e*e#t "# te ,"!0*e#t&.

"Quality of goods" i#!l0,e& teir &t$te "r !"#,iti"#.

"Specific goods" *e$#& '"",& i,e#ti%ie, $#, $'ree, 0("# $t te ti*e

$ !"#tr$!t "% &$le i& *$,e.

A# $#te!e,e#t "r (re-e6i&ti#' !l$i* +eter %"r *"#ey "r #"t

!"#&tit0te& 9$l0e9 +ere '"",& "r ,"!0*e#t& "% title $re t$;e#

eiter i# &$ti&%$!ti"# tere"% "r $& &e!0rity tere%"r.

2 A (er&"# i& i#&"le#t +iti# te *e$#i#' "% ti& Title +" eiter

$& !e$&e, t" ($y i& ,e)t& i# te "r,i#$ry !"0r&e "% )0&i#e&& "r

!$##"t ($y i& ,e)t& $& tey )e!"*e ,0e +eter i#&"le#!y(r"!ee,i#'& $e )ee# !"**e#!e, "r #"t.

:2 @"",& $re i# $ "deliverable state" +iti# te *e$#i#' "% ti& Title

+e# tey $re i# &0! $ &t$te t$t te )0yer +"0l, 0#,er te

!"#tr$!t )e )"0#, t" t$;e ,eliery "% te*. #2

Art. 1:<. Te (r"i&i"#& "% ti& Title $re &0)7e!t t" te r0le& l$i, ,"+# )yte M"rt'$'e L$+ $#, te L$#, Re'i&tr$ti"# L$+ +it re'$r, t" i**"$)le

(r"(erty. 15:<$2

Title VII. - BARTER OR ECHAN@E

Art. 1:8. By te !"#tr$!t "% )$rter "r e6!$#'e "#e "% te ($rtie& )i#,&i*&el% t" 'ie "#e ti#' i# !"#&i,er$ti"# "% te "ter& (r"*i&e t" 'ie

$#"ter ti#'. 15:8$2

Art. 1:3. I% "#e "% te !"#tr$!ti#' ($rtie& $i#' re!eie, te ti#'

(r"*i&e, i* i# )$rter &"0l, (r"e t$t it ,i, #"t )el"#' t" te (er&"#

law 4 sales (provisions)

Documents

Transcript of law 4 sales (provisions)