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Transcript of Laura Czerniewicz 4 November 2012 Institutional responses to the changing higher education...
Laura Czerniewicz4 November 2012
Institutional responses to the changing higher education
environment: the case of UCT
A HOLISTIC VIEWOpen scholarship, open all content
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual Frameworks
Literature Reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Open from the outsetshared & shareable,
Open data
Open journals and new publishing models
Open education resources
open etextbooksMassive open online courses (MOOCs)
OPENING SCHOLARSHIP
Open access repositories for all
content
CHANGEAn institutional culture perspective
Policy definition:Tight
Policy definition:Loose
Control of implementation:
Loose
Control of implementation:
Tight
INSTITUTIONAL CULTURAL TYPES
Collegium
Enterprise Corporation
Bureaucracy
McNay, I. (1995). From collegial academy to corporate enterprise: The changing cultures of universities.
Policy definition:Tight
Policy definition:Loose
Control of implementation:
Loose
Control of implementation:
Tight
INSTITUTIONAL CULTURAL TYPES
Collegium
Enterprise Corporation
Bureaucracy
THE COLLEGIUM TYPE
• Characterised by o loose institutional policy definitiono informal networks and decision arenaso and innovation at the level of the individual oro department. (McNay 1995)
• The organisational response o ’laissez faire’, few targeted policies or processes
(Rossiter, 2007).o ore value of collegium is freedom
• Defines organizational expectations in terms of freedom from external controls (Yee-Tak 2006)
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN
• Oldest South African university o Top ranked African university
• QS World University Rankings• Times Higher Education World University
Rankings• Academic Ranking of World Universities
• Medium sizedo+/- 25 000 studentso 982 permanent academics (of 5 442 total
staff)
PRESTIGIOUS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
• 5 Nobel Laureates• Booker Prize winner• Numerous internationally recognised
research initiativeso Africa Earth Observatory Network (AEONo The Department of Mathematics and
Applied Mathematics, an international centre for research in the fields of cosmology and topology.
o Department of Physics, home to the UCT-CERN research centre,
o V involved in SKA (Square Kilometre Array)
TEACHING AT UCT• Residential• Face to face• Almost no distance
ed• Not set up for “non-
traditional” courses
• Funding subsidy for headcount & throughput (not curriculum or content)
• Centre for Higher Educational Development active, strong academic development
2007
OPEN AGENDA AT UCT: PROJECTS
2008
2010
2012
2013
2011
Scholar
Scholar
Scholar
Community
Scholar
Student
2014
Opening Scholarship
2009
Scholar
Scholar
HTTP://OPENUCT.UCT.AC.ZA
OUR APPROACH TO THE OPENNESS AGENDA
in the light of UCT’s culture
PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES
• Individual agency/ control• Maximum flexibility • Network & community building• Enabling, not requiring• Advocacy• Champions & incentives• Researching practices
Collegium culture:loose institutional policy definitioninformal networksand decision arenas and innovation at the level of the individual or department
McNay 1995
HISTORICALLY• Opportunities for open agenda in the
eLearning space rather than OA o Contributed to change strategy
• No institutional repository
MULTIPLICITY
• Multiple strategies• Many small sites of innovation and
activity, aiming for agglomeration across the institution, to achieve critical mass
• Change at all levels of the university
• Develop networks and build community
ACADEMIC AGENCY
• Decentralised uploadingo Individual academics upload and maintain
their resources directly • Pride of authorship
oQuality assurance with the individual oQuality assurance part of broader teaching
and learning systems, not separate• Minimal moderation
o Copyright compliance
FLEXIBILITY
• Granularisation of resources important• Whole courses• Single resources
o Ebookso Presentationso Podcastso Lecture noteso Animationso Images
INSTITUTIONAL COMMUNITY
• IP Law Unit• Knowledge Co-op• Citizen Science projects in COL• Enterprise Content Management Project• Eresearch• Library• Communications Office• Faculties
ENABLING FRAMEWORK
• Work enabled by new UCT IP Policyo Specifically addresses issues relating to the
creation of OER resources and the licensing processes to be followed
o Expressly states the support for publication of materials under Creative Commons licenses
ADVOCACY
CHAMPIONS
• At senior leveloDVC signs Cape Town Declaration (2008)o VC signs Berlin Declaration (2011)
CHAMPIONS
• Senior & middle level• OER Health Sciences - Dean
CHAMPIONS
• Bringing the work of “early adopters” above the radar
CHAMPIONS & CHANGE• In our experience
o Senior level support symbolico Vertical relationships do not cause
change per se, only when actual projects in place (eg HS)
o Champions work best in horizontal networked relationships, building communities of practice
• New roles and reconfigurationso The rise of the non-specialist “expert,”
(or the “extended professional”)
ENABLERS: SMALL GRANTS • 35 small grants in
2011 & 2012• Up to R10 000
each• All faculties• To create and/ or
adapt OER • Includes course
level & smaller resources
INCENTIVES: SMALL GRANTS
OPENCONTENT GRANTS 2011/12
Faculties
Humanities 11
Health Science 8
Engineering & BE
7
CHED 3
Law 2
Science 1
Commerce 1
Other 2
35
Type
New course material
11
New video 8
Adapting resources 16
RESEARCH
• Committed to researching practiceo Cox, G (2012) Why would you do it, ... would a student
actually be interested?” “Understanding the barriers and enablers to academic contribution to an OER directory”, OCW, Cambridge 2012
o Hodgkinson-Williams, C.A. & Paskevicius, M. (2012). The role of postgraduate students in co-authoring open educational resources to promote social inclusion: a case study at the University of Cape Town, Distance Education, 33 (2), 253-269.
UCT OPENCONTENTHow we are doing
OPENCONTENT VISITS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012
OPENCONTENT LOCATION OF VISITS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012
OPENCONTENT TRAFFIC & REFERRALS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012
GROWTH TO DATE
01-2
010
02-2
010
03-2
010
04-2
010
06-2
010
07-2
010
08-2
010
09-2
010
10-2
010
11-2
010
11-2
011
12-2
011
3-20
120
50
100
150
200
250
Resources added
Growth of total content
FACULTY CONTRIBUTIONS
24%
8%
4%
16%
34%
3%
11%
Centre for Higher Education De-velopmentCommerceEngineering and the Built Envi-ronmentHealth SciencesHumanitiesLawScience
Au-dio28%
Downloadable Documents
39%
Graphics/Pho-tos1%
Other
3%
Text/HTM
L Webpage
s20%
Video10%
AudioDownloadable Doc-umentsGraphics/PhotosOtherText/HTML WebpagesVideo
TYPES OF RESOURCES
CONCLUDING COMMENTS• A steady upswell rather than
mainstream• Integration of resourcing requirements
into existing structures• Acceptance of non-linear organic
process• Slow approach more likely to be
sustainable & effective• A research-based approach to inform
strategy
REFERENCES
• Czerniewicz, L and Brown, C (2009) study of the relationship between institutional policy, organisational culture and e-learning use in four South African universities in Computers & Education 53 (2009) 121–131
• McNay, I (1995) From collegial academy to corporate enterprise: The changing cultures of universities. In T. Schuller (Ed.), The Changing University. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press
• Rossiter, D (2007) Whither e-learning? Conceptions of change and innovation in higher education. Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change. 4 (1), pp.93–107
• Yee-Tak , W (2006) Student Expectations in the New Millennium: An Explorative Study of Higher Education in Hong Kong, Dissertation, unpublished dissertation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 South Africa License. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/za/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Laura Czerniewicz [email protected]
OpenUCT Initiative: http://openuct.uct.ac.za/UCT OpenContent : http://opencontent.uct.ac.za
Companion site on Vula: https://vula.uct.ac.za/portal/site/openuct
Follow us: http://twitter.com/openuctPresentations: http://www.slideshare.net/laura_Cz
For slides 32-34 thanks to Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams