Lattice Pressure Vessel LPV...prismatic pressure vessel for LNG storage. LPV technology was already...
Transcript of Lattice Pressure Vessel LPV...prismatic pressure vessel for LNG storage. LPV technology was already...
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Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV)The World’s First Scalable Prismatic Pressure Vessel
Certified by KR, ABS, ABS Consulting, DNV-GL, LR and BV
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SECTION 1INNOVATION08 Backgrounds of Development
09 Representative Models
10 Advantages
10 NO, LESS and MORE
11 Comparison with Other Tanks
12 Main Features
15 Prototype Tanks
15 Approval and Certification
SECTION 2VALUE CREATION18 Economics of LPV
SECTION 3LIMITLESS22 Application Areas
24 Application Cases for LNG-Fueled Ships
28 Application Cases for Gas Carriers
30 Application Cases for Offshore Installations
32 Application Cases for Land Facilities
CONTENTS
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LATTICE Technology provides economic and reliable solutions to store, handle, and use eco-friendly LNG.
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Business Model
Core Technologies
Design Package Patent License Products
License & Engineering Fee
PurchaseExpense Customers
Large Seabed Tank
BOG SprayRecondenser
Others Pile-guided Floater
Pump-free Booster
First target forcommercialization
· LNG fuel tanks· Cargo tanks for LNG, LPG Refrigenrant, Hydrogen, CO2
· LNG fuel gas supply system (FGSS)
for large vessels
· Subsea crude oil and gas storage tank
· Mooring system for Large floaters / offshore terminals
· BOG (Boil-off Gas) recondens
Lattice PressureVessel (LPV)
Licensees
+Production Design +Fabrication +Integration
Company Overview
LATTICE Technology (LT), a technology and knowledge-based company founded in 2012 in collaboration with KAIST, has been developing several new technologies that provide unique and simple solutions to global LNG infrastructure from LNG storage to mega floater positioning.
LT is pleased and proud to present its proprietary Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV), the world’s first prismatic pressure vessel for LNG storage. LPV technology was already granted approval from classification societies (KR, ABS, DNV GL, LR and BV), and demonstrated successfully by four proto-type tanks. After signing a license agreement with Hyundai Heavy Industries in Feb. 2016 and closely collaborating with other qualified tank fabricators and engineering companies, LPV is now vigorously reaching out into the global markets as both LNG fuel tanks and cargo tanks.
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Technical and Business Development History of LPV
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
· Original patents of LPV by KAIST· KAIST’s LPV Team launched· X-beam LPV developed
· Joint-development project by POSCO and KAIST· LPV with parallel plates (LPV-PP) developed· LATTICE Technology founded
· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from KR and ABS· Prototype Tank 1 with (Carbon steel, 10 barg, 80 m3) ordered
· ASME U2 Stamp on Prototype Tank 1 from ABS Consulting· Public demonstration of Prototype Tank 1· LPV with cross frame (LPV-CF) developed
· Design Approval of Prototype Tank 2 (High-Mn steel, 10 barg, 50 m3) from KR· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from DNV-GL· Promotion in Kormarine (Busan) and Gastech 2015 (Singapore)
· License Agreement signed with HHI and to be signed with other reliable fabricators· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from LR and BV
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SECTION 1
LPV OVERVIEW
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SECTION 1 INNOVATION
Backgrounds of Development
Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) has been planned and developed with the ultimate goal of providing a solution for prismatic pressure vessels which fully combine the space efficiency of the prismatic shape of non-pressure tanks with the load-carrying capability of cylindrical pressure vessels.
Common Misunderstandings and Truths of LPV
Misunderstandings Truths
Prismatic LPV cannot bear pressure?No. The smartly designed internal lattice structure enables LPV to carry internal pressure load very effectively.
LPV is Type B tank since it is prismatic in shape?
No. LPV is a Type C (or Type C-equivalent) tank with design pressure beyond 20 barg and fatigue life greater than 300 years.
LPV is much heavier than a cylindrical tank?
No. Round Wall LPV (RW-LPV) is as light as a cylinder or a bi-lobe tanks with much large volume efficiency.
The internal structure could significantly reduce the internal space available for fluid?
No. The volume fraction of the internal structure is less 2% since the main internal structure parts are about 10 mm thick with spacing larger than 3m.
LPV is extremely difficult to fabricate?No. Four prototype tanks have already been fabricated without any practical difficulty and passed tests successfully.
Due to increase in shell thickness proportional to volume, LPV is not highly scalable?
No. The shell thickness of LPV remains constant and independent of volume for a given design pressure, consequently, it is fully scalable without size limit.
The cross section of LPV must be square?
No. Unlike cylinders the aspect ratio in three dimensions of LPV are free to change. Moreover, the cross section can be polygonal.
There must be a lot of stiffeners outside the shell of LPV?
No. Stiffeners are placed on the inner side of the shell with sufficient spacing for welding work; hence the stiffeners do not require additional space.
LPV is structurally unstable and vulnerable to fatigue / distortion?
No. The lattice structure provides structural redundancy and mitigates dynamic loads, making LPV extremely stable and strong against fatigue and crack propagation.
Construction material for the LPV is limited.
No. The choice of material is freely a matter of application and economics; alternative materials are available for cryogenic applications as well as others.
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08 09-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY
Representative Models
The Flat Wall LPV (FW-LPV) guarantees the maximum volume efficiency with the small corner radius. As the corner radius increase, both the volume efficiency and weight decrease, and the LPV evolves into the Round Corner LPV (RC-LPV) and finally becomes the Round Wall LPV (RW-LPV) whose corner diameter is equal to its height. The RW-LPV is as light as cylinder’s or bi-lobe tanks.
Representative Models
FW-LPV(Flat Wall LPV)
RC-LPV(Round Corner LPV)
RW-LPV(Round Wall LPV)
Schematic view
IMO Type Type C Ditto Ditto
Design pressure 2.0 ~ 20.0 barg Ditto Ditto
Unit volume 5 ~ 40,000 m3 / tank Ditto Ditto
Volume efficiency 0.94 ~ 0.97 0.89 ~ 0.93 0.82 ~ 0.90
Weight (Cost) Reference 0.7 ~ 0.8 of FW-LPV 0.4 ~ 0.6 of FW-LPV
Relative advantages Higher Volume Efficiency Lower Cost
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SECTION 1 INNOVATION
Advantages
NO, LESS and MORE
LPV can completely remove the parts required for non-pressure vessels, can minimize the parts required for any storage tanks, and can maximize the benefit and profits for the clients.
NO LESS MORE
· BOG compression system· Secondary barrier· Hull insulation· Risk of Leakage and sloshing· Limit on size and pressure· Limit on aspect ratio or shape· Gas combustion unit · Gas detection system · Heated cofferdam
· Installation space· Piping and instruments· Surface area· Operational complexity· Design change for retrofitting
· Cargo space· Operational convenience· Ship design flexibility· Benefits and profits
· No risk of leakage & sloshing· Long fatigue life (>> 250 years)· Structural redundancy (shell as last part to yield)· No concern on BOG handling (No BOG return even during bunkering)
High Safety
· High volume efficiency to increase the cargo space · Perfect space-fitness leading to flexible ship design
· Minimized ship modification for conversion projects · Parallel fabrication of LPV with hull
Low Opportunity Cost
· Type C with no need of additional systems -Tank : Pump tower, N2 circulation, Gas detection system, Secondary barrier -Cargo hold space : Cofferdam -BOG system : BOG compression or Reliquefaction Gas combustion unit
· RW-LPV as light as cylinders or bi-lobe tanks· Simple tank insulation without hull protective insulation
· No BOG loss more than 15 days· No BOG return during Bunkering (Time saved, independent of port bunkering facilities)· Minimized systems and maintenance cost
Low CAPEX
Low OPEX
Lattice PressureVessels
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10 11-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY
Comparison with Other Tanks
LPV is beyond the combined advantages of the conventional storage technologies.
Advantages
ItemCylindrical Pressure Vessel (Type C)
Prismatic Non-Pressure Vessel (Type B or Membrane)
Lattice Pressure Vessel (Type C - equivalent)
Design pressure No limit 0.7 barg No limit
BOG handling Not required Required Not required
Maximum volume Limited No limit No limit
Volume efficiencyAbout 0.7 for one cylinder < 0.4 for multiple cylinders
> 0.95 > 0.95
Aspect ratio Fixed Free Free
Thickness with size Linearly increasing Slightly increasing Invariant
Tank insulation Simple Complicated Simple
Secondary barrier Not required Required Not required
Hull insulation Not required Required Not required
Robustness to sloshingStrong (Internal baffles)
Type B : StrongMembrane : Weak
Very Strong(Internal lattice structure)
ProductivityHigh (Simple geometry)
LowHigh(Repeated structure)
Ship design Restricted Slightly flexible Highly flexible
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SECTION 1 INNOVATION
Main Features
1. Internal lattice structure
· Bearing and balancing load exerted by pressure
· Consisting of beams, plates, or their combination with structural redundancy
· Virtually no sloshing and buckling problems
2. Free scale-up in each direction
· Adding repeated units
· Constant thickness in spite of volume increase
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12 13-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY
3. Variety in feasible shapes
· Tall or flat tanks by controlling the number of repeated units
· Special internal structure for extreme shapes
· Fit to the provided space with high volume efficiency
LNG fuel hull tank for small ships
Cost efficient cargo tank
Volume efficient cargo tank
General-purpose tank Deck / Hull tank
LNG fuel hull tank for cruise ships
Bow cargo tank
LNG fuel hull tank for large container carriers
LNG fuel tank for small container carrier
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SECTION 1 INNOVATION
4. Material
· LNG: Aluminum, 9% nickel steel, 7% nickel steel, stainless steel or high manganese steel
· LPG: Low temperature steel
· CNG or Steam: Carbon steel
5. Insulation
· Smooth surface easy to insulate
· Spray PUF, Panel PUF or Vacuum
6. Support
· Similar to conventional Type A tanks
· Provisions for gravity, ship motion, and accidental loads
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14 15-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY
Prototype Tanks
Prototype tank Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ IV
Design pressure, barg 9.5 10.0 10.0 5.0
Hydraulic test pressure, barg 15.0 15.0 15.0 7.5
Dimension, H (m) x W (m) x L (m) 4 ×
4 × 5 2.2 × 2 × 11.8 1.8 × 3.6 × 3.6 1.8 x 3.6 x 3.6
Volume, m3 80 50 22 22
Material SA-516HighManganese
SA-240High Manganese
Target fluid Water for test LNG LNG LNG
Certificate ASME U2Design approvalfrom KR
ASME U2(Consent Letterfrom ABSC)
Design approvalfrom KR
Approval and Certification
The LPV fuel tank (5,000 m3, 6.0 barg) has been granted AIP (Approval in Principal) from KR, ABS, DNV-GL, LR and BV.
· KR: DJN03266-AIP-CD003
· ABS: OPN2973717-AIP
· DNV-GL: MCANO875 / MAGLI / P20599-J-2
· LR: HPC1530316 / 13884-16 / TH
· BV: SAFE / 16 / 01054 rev.01
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SECTION 2
VALUES OF LPV
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Economics of LPV
LPV as a free-shape scalable one-tank solution with pressure-holding capability provides a perfect solution to all the measures in the gray rectangle except for the Tank CAPEX which depends on the number of cylinders or bi-lobe tanks required. The guideline is
· One cylinder is cheaper than bi-lobe tank, RW-LPV and FW-LPV.
· One RW-LPV is as cheap as one bi-lobe tank for one-tank case.
· Both one RW-LPV and FW-LPV are much cheaper than Multiple cylinders or bi-lobe tanks.
Note that the comparison is about the tank cost, not about the total cost of ownership; the FW-LPV is much more volume-efficient, and this value is not taken into account.
SECTION 2 VALUE CREATION
Cheaper?
LPV provides the best
solutions to all these measures
CAPEX
Opportunity cost
OPEX
Total cost of ownership
Tank CAPEX
Piping & Instrument
Secondary barrier
Hull insulation
BOG handling system
BOG loss
Operational convenience
Space saving
Flexible ship design(visibility, stability, etc.)
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18 19-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY
The conclusion is that LPV shall provide the minimum total cost of ownership.
· When the installation space is valuable.
· When required cylinders are two or more though the installation space is not valuable.
Comparison of Tank CAPEX with Same Volume: One tank case(The value of volume efficiency is not taken into account.)
Comparison of Tank CAPEX with Same Volume: Multiple tank case(The value of volume efficiency is not taken into account.)
FW-LPVCylinder tank
Cylinder tanks
Bi-lobe tanks
FW-LPV RW-LPV
Bi-lobe tank
RW-LPV
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SECTION 3
APPLICATION AREAS
Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) provides economic, reliable, and flexible storage solutions to all value chain of LNG production, storage, and transportation.
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
Application Areas
LPV is a truly versatile containment technology that can be applied to the entire supply chain of LNG and other gas infrastructures from production, storage to transportation.
Supply chain Facility Application
Upstream LNG productionLNG plantLNG FPSO
Land and offshore storage tanks
Midstream
Marine transportation
LNG carrier Cargo tanks
LNG terminalLand LNG terminalFSRU
Land storage tanksCargo tanks
Downstream
Local distribution Small LNG carrier Cargo tanks
Land transportation
LocomotiveTruck
Container-size tanks
End UseLand storage for end-user
LNG storage Land storage tanks
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Category Products
Small and large ships · LNG fuel tanks
LNG storage
· Cargo tanks for LNG bunkering shuttles
· Cargo tanks for LNGC, LNG-BT, FSRU and FLNG
· Cargo tanks for high-pressure LNG carriers
Liquefied gas storage(LPG, NGL, Refrigerant, etc.)
· Cargo tanks for gas carriers
· Storage tanks for LPG production plants
· Refrigerant storage tanks for FLNG
· Storage tanks for onshore LPG receiving terminals
· Small to medium-size LPG storage for remote areas
CO2 storage· Cargo tanks for CCS CO2 carriers
· Storage tanks for CCS CO2 liquefaction plants
Onshore storage
· Storage tanks for LNG production plants and receiving terminals
· Storage tanks for LNG stations
· Container-size tanks for LNG transport by trailers and trains
· Other land-based liquefied gas storage tanks
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
Application Cases for LNG-Fueled Ships
Tug boats
Category Type Cylinders (C) LPV (L) L/C
Fuel tanks
Installation space(L x B x H, m)
2.8 x (2.2 & 2.9) x 1.5 Ditto 1.0
Volume of unit tank (m3 / tank)
4 10 2.5
No. of tanks 1 1 1
Other comparison measures Instrument and piping 1 1 1
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Aframax crude carrier
Type Cylinders ( C ) LPV (L) L/C
Fluid volume (m3) 4,222 5,184 1.2
Installation volume (m3, L x W x H) 10,368 (48 x 36 x 6) 5,184 (12 x 36 x 12) 0.5
No. of tanks 8 1 0.1
Instrument and piping 8 1 0.1
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
13,000 TEU container carrier
Type Cylinder (Type C) Type B LPV (Type C)
Fluid Volume (m3) 15,870 15,120 15,120
Installation Volume (m3) 50,046 15,998 15,998
Volume efficiency (%) 32 95 95
No. of tanks 15 1 1
No. of lost containers 1,317 421 421
BOG compression system
Not required Required Not required
BOG loss None Intermittent at low load None
Insulation for tank Simple Complicated Simple
Secondary barrier Not required Required Not required
Insulation for hull Not required Required Not required
ProductivityHigh(Simple geometry)
LowHigh(Repeated structure)
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Cruise ships
Category Type Cylinder (C) RW-LPV (L) L/C
Fuel tanks
Installation space(L x B x H, m)
20.0 x 18.0 x 2.5 Ditto 1.0
Tank dimension (m) 0.95(R) x 17 (L) 18.6(L) x 17(B) x 1.9(H)
Volume of unit tank (m3 / tank)
47 562 12
No. of tanks 6 1 1/6
Other comparison measures
Instrument and piping 6 1 1/6
Total capacity (m3 / all tanks)
282 562 2.0
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
LNG Bunkering shuttles
Category Item UnitLNG BS With Bi-lobe tanks
LNG BS With RW-LPV
LNG BS With FW-LPV
ShipLength m 100.0 Ditto Ditto
Breadth m 20.0 Ditto Ditto
Cargotank
Type Type C Ditto Ditto
Design pressure barg 3.4 Ditto Ditto
Volume of two tanks m3 5,000 6,000 (↑20%) 7,000 (↑40%)
Volume (m3)
17,000
22,000
Application Cases for Gas Carriers
Pressurized LNG & Ethylene carriers (17K)
LPV
Bi-lobe
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Small-scale Gas Carriers
Category Item UnitLNG Carrier WithMembrane tanks
LNG Carrier WithFW + RW-LPV
ShipLength O.A. m 100.0 Ditto
Breadth m 20.0 Ditto
Cargotanks
Type Membrane Type C
Design pressure barg 0.7 3.0 (↑430%)
Volume of three tanks m3 40,000 36,000 (↓10%)
Othercomparisonmeasures
Inner hullSecondary barrierGas detection systemHeated cofferdamPump towerBOG handling
Required Not required
Sloshing risk Probable No risk
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
Application Cases for Offshore Installations
Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU)
Category Item UnitFSRU With Membrane tanks
FSRU With Bi-lobe Tanks
FSRU WithRW-LPV
ShipLength O.A. m 100.0 Ditto Ditto
Breadth m 20.0 Ditto Ditto
Cargotanks
Type Membrane Type C Ditto
Design pressure barg 0.7 3.0 (↑430%) Ditto
Volume of two tanks m3 30,000 21,800 (↓27%) 27,300 (↓9%)
Othercomparisonmeasures
Inner hullSecondary barrierGas detection systemHeated cofferdamPump towerBOG handling
Required Not required Not required
Sloshing risk Probable No risk No risk
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Barge-Mounted Power Plant
Category Item Unit Cylinder RW-LPV
Bargo
Length O.A. m 150.0 120.0 (↓20%)
Breadth m 35.0 Ditto
Total Output MW 150 Ditto
Cargotanks
No of tanks 6 2 (↓1/3)
Type Type C Ditto
Design pressure barg 3 Ditto
Tank dimension m3 6.0 (R) x 26.1 (L) 30 (B) x 26 (L) x 12 (H)
Volume of all tanks m3 15,000 (6 x 2,500 m3) 15,000 (2 x 7,500 m3)
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SECTION 3 LIMITLESS
Application Cases for Land Facilities
Fuel tank for locomotives
2EA
Volume (m3) No. of Tanks
5
10 1EA
Cylindrical
LPV
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Land-based storage tanks
Category Item Unit Flat-Bottom Tank RW-LPV
Storagetanks
Type Non-pressure tank Pressure tank
Design pressure barg 0.7 2.0 (↑280%)
BOG holding time from 0 barg
day 3 30
Volume m3 20,000 20,000
OtherComparisonmeasures
BOG return during loading operation
BOG venting duringnormal operation
Required Not required
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LATTICE Technology will contribute to the mutual growth with its partners by supplying innovations beginning with Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) that will turn out a game changer in the LNG industry.
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Room No. 3101, Energy & Environment Research Center (N28), KAIST,291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Koreat +82-42-864-1514 | f +82-42-867-1514 | e tech-info@lattice-technology.comwww.lattice-technology.comCopyright © 2015. LATTICE Technology. All Rights Reserved.