LATIN AMERICAN POLICIESSec. 22-4 Pages 656-661

• Define: isthmus – anarchy – dollar diplomacy Roosevelt corollary ( Big Stick policy)- “ watchful waiting” • Identify: Teddy Roosevelt - Dr. William Gorgas - Dr. Walter Reed – Sec. of State, John Hay - P. Bunau-Varilla - William Taft- Francisco Madero - Porifrio Diaz – Victoriano Huerta – Venusitano Carranza - Woodrow Wilson – John Pershing – Pancho Villa

PANAMA • Isthmus– Narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land with water on either side.

• Caribbean Sea & Pacific Ocean-50 miles wide

• 1879 – French company will lease from Colombian gov’t the rights to build a canal through Panama

• Ferdinand De Lesseps (built Suez Canal -Egypt)- project fails – ran out of money

• Workers died of malaria & yellow fever

US BUILDS CANAL• 1901 – US buys lease from French for $40 million• Pres. Roosevelt wants canal for naval power• 1903- Sec. of State John Hay negotiates treaty

with Colombia - 99 year lease on 6 miles – $10 million - Annual rent of $250,000• Colombia refuses - wants more money• 1903- USS Nashville gunboat helps Panamanians

rebel – gain independence

US BUILDS PANAMA CANAL

• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – US gets 10 miles strip for building canal

• Panama is paid $10 million – annual rent $250,000

• 10 years to complete • Col. William Gorgas (army doctor) eliminates

yellow fever – clear swamps – destroy mosquito breeding places

SUMMARIZE• Vocab term- narrow strip of land connecting two

larger bodies of land• What country first began building a canal

through Panama?• What country controlled Panama?• How did the US get the right to build the canal?• What disease was hindering construction?

PANAMA CANAL

PANAMA CANAL MAP

US BUILDS PANAMA CANAL• Lock system allowed ships to be raised or

lowered to ocean levels• 1914 –Canal opened to any country in world –

canal will be neutral – US will protect • Saved 7000+ miles from voyage around South

America

POLICING WESTERN HEMISPHERE• Roosevelt’s foreign policy

slogan “Speak softly and carry a big stick”.

• Big Stick policy – US would responds to foreign crises by using military action

• Keep world from anarchy – disorder and lawlessness – society without government or law

1904-1905 European nations threatened Venezuela – Dominican Republic when debts were owed.

POLICING WESTERN HEMISPHERE• Germany wanted to

send troops to Dom. Republic

• US intervenes – collected fees and repaid debts

• Roosevelt Corollary – addition to the Monroe Doctrine – US has right to intervene in affairs of Latin American nations whenever these nations seem unstable

SUMMARY• What was Roosevelt’s slogan?• What vocab term means disorder and

lawlessness – overthrow a government?• What country wanted to send in troops to the Dominican Republic to collect debts?• What addition to the Monroe Doctrine

allowed the US to intervene in affairs of Latin American nations when it seemed unstable?

TAFT’S FOREIGN POLICY

• Dollar Diplomacy – Encourage bankers to lend money to troubled countries to bring stability

• US would profit and gain power – no need to use military power.

• US helped Latin American countries gain railroads, roads, harbors, mines, banana and coffee plantations

MEXICO• Poor country controlled by small group of rich

landowners (wealthy, Catholic Church, military)• US investors spend billions of dollars into

Mexican oil wells, railroads, mines and ranches• 1880-1911 – Mexico ruled by Porfirio Diaz –

encouraged American, British, German investments. As politicians, foreign investors, and landowners grew richer, the common people remained poor.

MEXICO• 1911 – Diaz overthrown by Francisco Madero in

a coup (act of seizing power – overthrow a government illegally or by force)

• Americans feared Madero would seize US property

• 1913 – Gen. Victoriano Huerta killed Pres. Madero – seized power. Pres. Wilson annoyed by act of violence – refused to recognize Huerta’s gov.t

SUMMARY• Taft’s foreign policy that encouraged bankers to

give money to stabilize a nation.• Name 2 of the 3 groups that ruled Mexico in

the 1800s.• What vocab term means to overthrow a gov’t?• Whose gov’t rule in Mexico did Wilson refuse to

recognize because of violence?

WILSON’S FOREIGN POLICY• Watchful waiting – wait for opportunity to act

against a government in which he disapproves• Civil war breaks out in Mexico – Pres. Wilson

authorizes sale of arms to help Huerta’s rival, Venustiano Carranza

• April 1914 – American sailors arrested in port of Tampico, Mexico. Pres. Wilson sends marines to intervene – closed off supplies of guns & supplies coming from Germany for Huerta.

• Over 100 Mexicans and 19 Americans died in invasion

MEXICO

WILSON & MEXICO• European press condemned US • Wilson allows ABC Powers

(Argentina, Brazil, Chile) to mediate dispute – Huerta flees and Carranza takes power in Mexico

• 1916- Mex. rebels, Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata kill 18 American mining engineers in Mexico – crossed border and killed 17 Americans in Columbus, New Mex.

• Both returned and hid in Mexico

Gen. Pershing • Pres. Wilson sends Gen. John “Blackjack” Pershing with 15,000 troops to capture Villa.

• Mexicans angry with US invasion – Carranza demands troops leave – Wilson refused

• Wilson will withdraw troops by Jan. 1917 to send to Europe when US joins fighting in WWI

• Mexico will adopt constitution that gives gov’t control of oil and mineral resources - placed strict regulations on foreign investors.

SUMMARY• Name of Wilson’s foreign policy that said to

wait for an opportunity to act against a disapproving gov’t.

• Name the Mexican rebel the US tried to capture.

• Who was sent to capture him?• Why did the US pull out US troops in 1917?