Latin American Artists. Map of Mexico Diego Rivera.

Latin Latin American American

ArtistsArtists

Map of MexicoMap of Mexico

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Born in Guanajuato, *Born in Guanajuato, Mexico 1886Mexico 1886

*Well-off family*Well-off family

Mother’s side JewishMother’s side Jewish

Father’s side Spanish Father’s side Spanish nobilitynobility

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Studied at Academy of San Carlos*Studied at Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City at age 10in Mexico City at age 10*Sponsored to study in Europe by *Sponsored to study in Europe by governor of State of Veracruz governor of State of Veracruz 19071907

*Studied in France, Spain and Italy*Studied in France, Spain and Italy*Returned to Mexico in 1920*Returned to Mexico in 1920

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1922 founded Revolutionary *1922 founded Revolutionary UnionUnion

of Technical Workers, of Technical Workers, Painters &Painters &

SculptorsSculptors

*1922 joined the Mexican *1922 joined the Mexican Communist PartyCommunist Party

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Believed art was for everyone,

especially the poor & working class

*Often painted revolutionary themes*Depicted social issues and

hardships of everyday life*Championed the causes of

oppressed

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Believed communism would *Believed communism would betterbetter

the life of the poorthe life of the poor

*Believed communism was *Believed communism was crucial change needed to rid crucial change needed to rid Mexico of desperate povertyMexico of desperate poverty

*Housed Leon Trotsky & family*Housed Leon Trotsky & family

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1909-1921 Angelina *1909-1921 Angelina Belhoff (common law wife)Belhoff (common law wife)

Son 1916 ~ DiegoSon 1916 ~ Diego

Daughter 1918 ~ (from Daughter 1918 ~ (from affair)affair)

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1922 – 1929 Guadalupe *1922 – 1929 Guadalupe Marin (wife)Marin (wife)

Two daughtersTwo daughters

*1929-1939, 1940-1954 *1929-1939, 1940-1954 Frida KahloFrida Kahlo

(wife) (wife)


*1955-1957 Emma Hurtado*1955-1957 Emma Hurtado (wife) agent since 1946(wife) agent since 1946

*Died November 24, 1957 *Died November 24, 1957 of heart failureof heart failure

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Painted many murals in Mexico*Painted many murals in Mexico

--Secretariat of Public Education--Secretariat of Public Education

--National School of Architecture--National School of Architecture

--Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca--Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca

--National Palace in Mexico City--National Palace in Mexico City


*1930 traveled to United *1930 traveled to United StatesStates

--Stock Exchange--Stock Exchange

--California School of Fine --California School of Fine ArtArt

--DIA (1932-1933)--DIA (1932-1933)

Flower Festival Feast Flower Festival Feast of Santaof Santa

El Vendedor de El Vendedor de AlcatracesAlcatraces

PeasantsPeasants

The Flower The Flower CarrierCarrier

Retrato de Retrato de IgnacioIgnacio

In the ArsenalIn the Arsenal

Dream of Sunday in Dream of Sunday in Alameda ParkAlameda Park

Detroit IndustryDetroit Industry

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Born in Coyoacan, Mexico *Born in Coyoacan, Mexico 19071907

* Mexican Revolution 1910* Mexican Revolution 1910

* Blended family * Blended family

Mother’s side indigenousMother’s side indigenous

Father’s side GermanFather’s side German

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Age 6 contracted polio, left *Age 6 contracted polio, left right leg thinner than leftright leg thinner than left

*Wanted to study medicine*Wanted to study medicine

*Fell in love with gang *Fell in love with gang leader in high school leader in high school

(Alejandro Gomez Arias)(Alejandro Gomez Arias)

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*September 17, 1925 bus accident*September 17, 1925 bus accident*broken spinal column, collarbone,*broken spinal column, collarbone, ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right leg,leg,

crushed & dislocated foot and crushed & dislocated foot and dislocated shoulderdislocated shoulder*Handrail pierced abdomen & *Handrail pierced abdomen & uterusuterus

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Gave up study of *Gave up study of medicinemedicine

*Taught herself to paint *Taught herself to paint while recuperating while recuperating

*Used mirror & painted *Used mirror & painted flat on her backflat on her back

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo““I never painted dreams, I I never painted dreams, I painted painted

my own reality” --Fridamy own reality” --Frida

*stark portrayals of pain*stark portrayals of pain

*symbolic monkey (lust)*symbolic monkey (lust)

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*approached Diego Rivera for *approached Diego Rivera for artistic adviceartistic advice

*1929-1939 married 1940-1954 *1929-1939 married 1940-1954 The Elephant & the DoveThe Elephant & the Dove**Tumultuous relationship & Tumultuous relationship & firey firey

temperaments temperaments

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Frida in the US*Frida in the US --art was not popular--art was not popular --disgusted by American --disgusted by American customscustoms

--was in Diego’s shadow --was in Diego’s shadow --Americans thought she was --Americans thought she was outrageous.outrageous.

Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Died July 13, 1954*Died July 13, 1954 officially – pulmonary officially – pulmonary embolismembolism

possibly – overdosepossibly – overdose ““I hope the exit is joyful and I I hope the exit is joyful and I hope to never return”hope to never return” --Frida --Frida

Self Portrait Self Portrait w/Monkeyw/Monkey

Self Portrait Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Dedicated to Leon

TrotskyTrotsky

Diego en mi Diego en mi PensamientoPensamiento

LasLas Dos Fridas Dos Fridas

Diego and FridaDiego and Frida

Self-Portrait Self-Portrait w/Flowersw/Flowers

Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco


*Born in Jalisco, Mexico 1883*Born in Jalisco, Mexico 1883

*Inspired as young boy by *Inspired as young boy by illustrator Jose Guadalupe illustrator Jose Guadalupe Posada to become artistPosada to become artist

*Attended Academia de San Carlos*Attended Academia de San Carlos

1890-1903 (agriculture) 1906-1890-1903 (agriculture) 1906-19101910


*1911-1924 worked as political *1911-1924 worked as political cartoonist for local newspaperscartoonist for local newspapers

*1922 started to paint murals *1922 started to paint murals (human tragedy of revolution)(human tragedy of revolution)*1927-1934 lived in USA*1927-1934 lived in USA mechanization & mechanization &

dehumanization of lifedehumanization of life


*1935 returned to Mexico *1935 returned to Mexico

--Guadalajara’s Hospicio --Guadalajara’s Hospicio CabanasCabanas

--Gabino Ortiz Library--Gabino Ortiz Library

--Government Palace--Government Palace

--National Preparatory School--National Preparatory School


*Left hand blown off in *Left hand blown off in gunpowder accident ~ hands gunpowder accident ~ hands big deal in his worksbig deal in his works

*1923 Margarita Valladares *1923 Margarita Valladares (wife)(wife)

3 children3 children


*Mexican social realist painter*Mexican social realist painter

*most complex of Mexican *most complex of Mexican muralistsmuralists

*painted human suffering & *painted human suffering & political views but less realistic political views but less realistic than Riverathan Rivera


*1948 raided del Prado *1948 raided del Prado Hotel w/Rivera, Kahlo & Hotel w/Rivera, Kahlo & Siquieros to add “does not Siquieros to add “does not exist” to muralexist” to mural

*September 7, 1949 died*September 7, 1949 died

Mural of Hidalgo at Mural of Hidalgo at City HallCity Hall

Dartmouth Dartmouth MuralMural

Departure of Departure of QuetzalcoatlQuetzalcoatl

The Coming of Quetzalcoatl

Mural at Hospicio Mural at Hospicio CabanasCabanas

Mural at Government Mural at Government PalacePalace

Mural at University of Mural at University of GuadalajaraGuadalajara

Mural at Chamber Mural at Chamber of Deputiesof Deputies

David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros


**Born in Chihuahua, Mexico Born in Chihuahua, Mexico 18961896

*Well-off family*Well-off family

Mother’s side musiciansMother’s side musicians

Father’s side PortugueseFather’s side Portuguese


*Older sister & brother*Older sister & brother

*Mother died when he was two*Mother died when he was two

*Raised by grandparents 9 *Raised by grandparents 9 yearsyears

*Father a devout Catholic*Father a devout Catholic


*Attended a religious primary school*Attended a religious primary school

*Attended National Academy of Fine *Attended National Academy of Fine ArtsArts

--1911(15yrs) involved in student --1911(15yrs) involved in student

protest regarding teaching protest regarding teaching methods methods

& demanded removal of director& demanded removal of director


*1914 joined Carranza’s *1914 joined Carranza’s Constitutional Army against Constitutional Army against Huerta governmentHuerta government

*Exposed to indigenous *Exposed to indigenous Mexican culture & struggles Mexican culture & struggles of rural poorof rural poor


*1919 left to study in Europe*1919 left to study in Europe --fresco, cubisim, use of --fresco, cubisim, use of intense intense

colorscolors*1922 returned to Mexico *1922 returned to Mexico --muralist for Obregon’s --muralist for Obregon’s revolutionary governmentrevolutionary government


*1923 founded Syndicate of *1923 founded Syndicate of Revolutionary Mexican PaintersRevolutionary Mexican Painters

--National Prepatory School & --National Prepatory School & other other

prominent buildingsprominent buildings

*Deeply entrenched in labor *Deeply entrenched in labor activities, unions & Mexican activities, unions & Mexican Communist PartyCommunist Party


*1930’s jailed and internal exiled*1930’s jailed and internal exiled --politically themed lithographs--politically themed lithographs

*1936-1939 commanded several *1936-1939 commanded several brigades during Spanish Civil brigades during Spanish Civil WarWar

--rose to lieutenant colonel--rose to lieutenant colonel


*1940 led an assassination *1940 led an assassination attack on Leon Trotsky’s attack on Leon Trotsky’s househouse

*1947 exhibited 70 easel *1947 exhibited 70 easel paintings at Palacio de Bellas paintings at Palacio de Bellas Artes in MexicoArtes in Mexico


TrotskyTrotsky

househouse


*1948-1956 painted most *1948-1956 painted most famous muralsfamous murals

*1959 jailed by President *1959 jailed by President Adolfo Lopez Mateos for Adolfo Lopez Mateos for supporting leaders of supporting leaders of railroad workers unionrailroad workers union


*1964 released from jail*1964 released from jail

--partisan of international --partisan of international MarxismMarxism

--supporter of Castro--supporter of Castro


*1964-1974 set up workshop *1964-1974 set up workshop in Cuernavacain Cuernavaca

----The March of HumanityThe March of Humanity**1966 awarded Lenin Peace 1966 awarded Lenin Peace PrizePrize

**died January 6, 1974died January 6, 1974

Mexico ~ Ministry of Mexico ~ Ministry of EducationEducation

RevolutionRevolution

Chuahtemoc Chuahtemoc RessurectedRessurected

New DemocracyNew Democracy

Peasant MotherPeasant Mother

Mujer en la carcelMujer en la carcel

Fuga (Escape)Fuga (Escape)

Paisaje ExplosivePaisaje Explosive

Jesusito Sera un Jesusito Sera un SantoSanto

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Born in Oaxaca, Mexico *Born in Oaxaca, Mexico 18991899

*Zapotecan Indians *Zapotecan Indians

--Orphaned by 1911--Orphaned by 1911

--Lived with aunt in --Lived with aunt in

Mexico CityMexico City

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1917 entered Escuela *1917 entered Escuela Nacional de Bellas ArtesNacional de Bellas Artes

--experimented with cubism, --experimented with cubism,

impressionism and impressionism and fauvism but fauvism but

mixed with Mexican feelmixed with Mexican feel

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Painted traditional Mexico*Painted traditional Mexico*Refusal to follow political *Refusal to follow political trend of Rivera, Orozco & trend of Rivera, Orozco & Siqueiros labeled him a Siqueiros labeled him a traitortraitor

*1926 traveled to New York *1926 traveled to New York to express his art freelyto express his art freely

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1929 returned to Mexico for solo *1929 returned to Mexico for solo art show met with considerable art show met with considerable media coverage & praisemedia coverage & praise

**MixografiaMixografia – artwork printed on – artwork printed on paper but with depth and paper but with depth and texturetexture

*Painted murals*Painted murals

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1937-1949 moved to New *1937-1949 moved to New York with wife OlgaYork with wife Olga

--gained credibility in many --gained credibility in many gallery gallery

showsshows

*still haunted by political *still haunted by political differences & controversydifferences & controversy

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Style expresses influence of *Style expresses influence of Picasso,Picasso,

Braque, Expressionism and Braque, Expressionism and AbstractionAbstraction

*Delicate in design, warmly *Delicate in design, warmly subtle in coloration, symbolicsubtle in coloration, symbolic

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*work shows pre-*work shows pre-Columbian influences in Columbian influences in references to religion references to religion where gods have human where gods have human & animal characteristics& animal characteristics

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1949-1959 moved to Paris*1949-1959 moved to Paris

*1959 returned to Oaxaca, Mexico*1959 returned to Oaxaca, Mexico --built Museo Rufino Tamayo--built Museo Rufino Tamayo

*1988 won Belisario Dominguez *1988 won Belisario Dominguez Medal Medal

of Honorof Honor

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*died June 24, 1991 of stroke*died June 24, 1991 of stroke

*1970 painting *1970 painting Tres Tres PersonajesPersonajes bought bought

in 1977 by Houston man as in 1977 by Houston man as a gift for his wifea gift for his wife

Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1987 *1987 Tres PersonajesTres Personajes stolen stolen

from storage unitfrom storage unit*2003 *2003 Tres PersonajesTres Personajes found in found in

trash in New York City by trash in New York City by Elizabeth GibsonElizabeth Gibson

*2007 Gibson received $15,000 *2007 Gibson received $15,000 reward and part of $1,049,000 reward and part of $1,049,000 auction sales priceauction sales price

The Fruit The Fruit VendorVendor

LandscapeLandscape

Tres PersonjaesTres Personjaes

Dos FigurasDos Figuras

TrovadorTrovador

El Comedor de El Comedor de SandiasSandias

America (Mural)America (Mural)

Luna y SolLuna y Sol

Mujer SonrienteMujer Sonriente

Cabeza con Cabeza con SombreroSombrero

Latin American Artists. Map of Mexico Diego Rivera.

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