Fernando Henrique Cardoso + Enzo Faletto Dependency and Development in Latin America
Latin America: Dependency to Neoliberalism
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Transcript of Latin America: Dependency to Neoliberalism
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Latin America: Dependency to Neoliberalism
Current News and Weather Human Rights in Latin America Latin America in the Global Economy Coca Production Cochabamba Water War Social Indicators
For Next Class: Read Chapter 5 (pp. 192-205)
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Romero
What were your reactions to watching the film Romero?
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Military Dictatorships
The 1960s and 1970s in Latin America were characterized by coup d’etats and the rise of military dictatorships in the context of the cold war.
Brutal repression and widespread human rights abuses were “justified” as a mechanism to prevent the spread of communism.
Very dark period in Latin America, with thousands of “disappeared” persons whose remains to this day have still not been located.
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Military Dictatorships
The 1960s and 1970s in Latin America were characterized by coup d’etats and the rise of military dictatorships in the context of the cold war.
Brutal repression and widespread human rights abuses were “justified” as a mechanism to prevent the spread of communism.
Very dark period in Latin America, with thousands of “disappeared” persons whose remains to this day have still not been located.
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Salvador Allende, the democratically elected president of Chile, was removed in a brutal coup d’etat (with U.S. backing) on September 11, 1973, that resulted in his death and thousands of others.
General Agusto Pinochet seized power and unleashed a reign of terror that lasted 16 years.
The popular folk musician Victor Jara was also killed who started the New Song Movement in Latin America.
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Archbishop Oscar Romero
Assassinated 24 March 1980 in El Salvador by the military government
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=oscar+romero+life+you+tube&FORM=VIRE6#view=detail&mid=A2035DCDDD005E4D9B55A2035DCDDD005E4D9B55
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Latin America in the Global Economy Figure 4.6.1
• Dependency Theory• Neoliberal Policies• Dollarization
Center of trade and finance
Figure 4.6.2Panama Canal
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Insurgencies and Drug Trafficking
Figure 4.34
Figure 4.33
Columbian National Police
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Coca Eradication and Alternative Development
Growth of Illicit Coca Production – tied to 1985 privatization of economy when 30,000 state employed miners lost their jobs and then migrated to a prime coca area in the Chapare
Alternative development programs sponsored by the U.S. have been a major failure
Forced eradication of coca and human rights violations were widely reported in the 1990s
Evo Morales emerged as the principal leader of the Cocaleros (coca farmers) and is now the president of Bolivia
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Cochabamba’s War Over Water
December 1999 to April 2000 Origins of Water Crisis
• Drought (in association with El Niño)• Rural to urban migration, increased demands• Inefficient management
In the context of economic globalization, Aguas del Tunari, a subsidiary of Bechtel Co., bought the exclusive water rights
La Coordinadora – opposition group• Oscar Olivera – spokesperson
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Economic and Social Development• Middle-income countries
– Diversity among and within countries– Reduction of extreme poverty
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Development Strategies
• Pre-1980s– Economic diversification and urbanization– Mixed levels of industrialization– Debt and hyperinflation
• 1990s on– Neoliberal reforms
• Privatization• Direct foreign investment• Free trade
– Growth and income disparities
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Development Strategies
Informal SectorMaquiladoras
Primary Export Commodities
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Global Coffee Production• Latin America: 58 percent of the world’s
production– Fair trade and organic coffee
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The Energy Sector• Increased,
diversified, and cleaner energy sources– Oil exports– Natural gas– Biofuels
• Increased consumption
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Latin America in the Global Economy• Dependency theory• Foreign investment
and remittances• Panama Canal
expansion• Dollarization
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Social Development• Improved social
well-being– Conditional cash
transfer programs– Nongovernmental
organizations• Extreme variations
– Rural and urban– Regional– Race and gender
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The Status of Women
Women’s Role in Politics
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