Latin America - Argentina - Mexico To come - Brasil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador.
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Transcript of Latin America - Argentina - Mexico To come - Brasil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador.
Latin America
- Argentina
- Mexico
To come
- Brasil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador
Basic Facts• Mexico
– Population: 110 million – GNI per capita (PPP): $12,000– Growth in 1995-2005: 3.7%
• 1995 – 2000: 5.6%
• 2000 – 2005: 1.8%
• Argentina– Population: 40 million – GNI per capita (PPP): $11,670 – Growth in the 1995-2005: 2.1%
• 1999- 2002: - 5%
“Que dicen los pobres”• Voices of the poor, in Mexico• 3,000 “poor” people (adults) were interviewed • They were asked to name and rank the most
important aspects of deprivation and the said: 1. Income
2. Access of drinking water
3. Education
4. Health
5. Nutrition
6. Shelter
Datasets • Mexico: ENIGH (Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y
gastos de los Hogares). Nationally representative. Years: 1994, 2000, 2006.
• Argentina: EPH (Encuesta Permanente de Hogares). Urban, 60% total population. Years: 1995, 2000, 2003
• Unit of Analysis: Individuals – Households • Poverty measures regularly used:
– Poverty Line (Food, Capabilities, Patrimony): Hincome
– Unsatisfied Basic Needs: H
Selected Indicators & Deprivation Cutoffs
Indicator Deprivation Cutoff
INCOME Food Poverty Line: aprox US$ 2 a day
RUNNING WATER Not having tap water in the dwelling
SCHOOLING OF HH Head of the household with 4 or less years of schooling
CHILD IN SCHOOL At least one child (6-16) not attending school
SHELTERArgentina: wall material – mud, cardboard, metal Mexico: unfinished floor
SANITATION Not having flush toilet or pit latrine. (MDG).
RESULTS - Argentina and Mexico
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
Income: Foodpoverty
H - k=3, rankingweigh
M0 - k=3,ranking weight
Income: Foodpoverty
H - k=3, rankingweigh
M0 - k=3,ranking weight
Argentina Mexico
1994/1995 2000 2003/2006
ARGENTINAIncidence of deprivations
Years weighting schemes
Indicator 1995 2000 2003equal weight'
ranking weights'
Income: Food poverty 0.104 0.136 0.338 1 2.4
Running water 0.025 0.015 0.009 1 1.8
Child in school 0.032 0.016 0.014 1 0.6
Schooling of HH 0.159 0.158 0.131 1 0.6
Sanitation 0.113 0.086 0.067 1 0.3
Shelter 0.023 0.019 0.020 1 0.3
Total population 17,587,316 21,315,256 21,734,414 6 6
ARGENTINAH and Mo for different k values -
Ranking weights
k Deprivation headcount (H) M0
1995 2000 2003 1995 2000 2003
1 0.125 0.146 0.343 0.037 0.040 0.081
2 0.119 0.142 0.341 0.035 0.038 0.081
3 0.035 0.044 0.086 0.016 0.018 0.032
4 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.003
5 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001
6 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.104 0.136 0.338 Income Poverty Headcount
Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003
M0=0.016 M0=0.018 M0=0.032
ARGENTINA Contribution of each indicator to
M0 when k=3 and ‘ranking’ weight
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995 2000 2003
Income: Food poverty Running water Child in school Schooling of HH Sanitation Shelter
ARGENTINAH and Mo for different k values –
‘equal weight’
k Deprivation headcount (H) M0
1995 2000 2003 1995 2000 2003
1 0.338 0.323 0.430 0.076 0.072 0.097
2 0.090 0.083 0.127 0.035 0.032 0.046
3 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.012 0.011 0.011
4 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002
5 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
6 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.104 0.136 0.338 Income Poverty Headcount
Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003
ARGENTINAContribution of each indicator to
M0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weight
M0=0.035 M0=0.032 M0=0.046
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995 2000 2003
Income: Food poverty Running water Child in school Schooling of HH Shelter Sanitation
MEXICOIncidence of deprivations
Years Equal
weight Ranking weight
Indicator 1995 2000 2003
Income: food poverty .158 .185 .106 1 2.4
Income: capability .229 .252 .161
Running water .166 .089 .096 1 1.8
Child in school .126 .087 .067 1 0.6
Schooling of HH .447 .373 .302 1 0.6
Sanitation .251 .263 .097 1 0.3
Unfinished floor .134 .096 .070 1 0.3
Total households 19,692,850 23,667,479 26,541,327
MEXICOH and Mo for different k values –
Ranking weight
k
Deprivation headcount (H) M0
1994 2000 2006 1994 2000 2006
1 0.307 0.257 0.202 0.161 0.128 0.080
2 0.244 0.223 0.153 0.136 0.114 0.065
3 0.170 0.159 0.085 0.110 0.096 0.044
4 0.073 0.053 0.027 0.057 0.040 0.018
5 0.055 0.037 0.014 0.046 0.030 0.011
6 0.012 0.006 0.001 0.012 0.006 0.001
0.158 0.185 0.106 Income Poverty Headcount
Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006
MEXICOContribution of each indicator
to M0 when k=2 and ranking weightM0=0.041 M0=0.036 M0=0.048
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1995 2000 2003
Subsistence income Drinking water School attendance
Literacy Dwelling material Improved sanitation
MEXICOH and Mo for different k values –
‘equal weight’
kDeprivation headcount (H) M0
1994 2000 2006 1994 2000 2006
1 0.543 0.478 0.411 0.209 0.175 0.120
2 0.260 0.205 0.141 0.150 0.116 0.068
3 0.182 0.147 0.071 0.121 0.094 0.043
4 0.081 0.053 0.020 0.065 0.041 0.015
5 0.019 0.010 0.003 0.017 0.009 0.002
6 0.012 0.006 0.001 0.012 0.006 0.001
0.158 0.185 0.106 Income Poverty Headcount
Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006
MEXICOContribution of each indicator
to M0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weightM0=0.041 M0=0.036 M0=0.048
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1995 2000 2003
Subsistence income Drinking water School attendance
Literacy Dwelling material Improved sanitation