Latin AmericaLatin America

1800’s1800’s

► European colonial power in region declinesEuropean colonial power in region declines Spanish and Portuguese empires in declineSpanish and Portuguese empires in decline

► Independence movements increase Independence movements increase throughout areathroughout area

► 20 new countries formed20 new countries formed Set up constitutions like U.S.Set up constitutions like U.S.

►Overall a failureOverall a failure Civil war, dictatorships and revoltsCivil war, dictatorships and revolts

►Democratic movement failsDemocratic movement fails Why?Why?

Lingering problemsLingering problems

►New nations had no change in political New nations had no change in political and social hierarchyand social hierarchy Criollos replaced peninsulares as ruling classCriollos replaced peninsulares as ruling class Catholic church still holds land and privilegeCatholic church still holds land and privilege

►Constitutions guaranteed equality but….Constitutions guaranteed equality but…. For most quality of life did not increaseFor most quality of life did not increase Voting rights limitedVoting rights limited Small groups held most land and $$Small groups held most land and $$

Searching for StabilitySearching for Stability

► Due to colonial legacy Due to colonial legacy no national unityno national unity RegionalismRegionalism

weakened weakened nationalismnationalism

CaudillosCaudillos recruited recruited locals and formed locals and formed armies to resist armies to resist central governmentscentral governments

Power struggles Power struggles among caudillos and among caudillos and governments led to governments led to frequent revoltsfrequent revolts

► Ruling elite splitRuling elite split ConservativesConservatives

►Traditional social Traditional social order, press order, press censorship, Church censorship, Church supportedsupported

LiberalsLiberals►Laissez-faire, Laissez-faire,

religious toleration, religious toleration, freedom of the freedom of the press, greater press, greater access to educationaccess to education

México struggle for stabilityMéxico struggle for stability

► 1845 Texas 1845 Texas annexed by U.S.annexed by U.S.

► U.s. Mexican warU.s. Mexican war U.S. invades MexicoU.S. invades Mexico Mexico loses half its Mexico loses half its

territory to U.S.territory to U.S.

►Defeat triggers a Defeat triggers a revolution in Mexicorevolution in Mexico Santa Anna’s days Santa Anna’s days

are numberedare numbered

Benito JuarezBenito Juarez

► Liberal leader Liberal leader ushered in era of ushered in era of reform known as reform known as La La ReformaReforma Revised Mexican Revised Mexican

constitutionconstitution►Stripped millitary of Stripped millitary of

powerpower►Stripped Church of Stripped Church of

power as wellpower as well

Conservative Conservative reaction??reaction??

Conservative responseConservative response

► Resist La reforma and begin Civil warResist La reforma and begin Civil war► Juarez elected president 1861Juarez elected president 1861

Conservatives ask Europe for helpConservatives ask Europe for help►1863 French send troops1863 French send troops►Austrian Archduke Maximillian made emperorAustrian Archduke Maximillian made emperor

4 years war rages on4 years war rages on►France removes troopsFrance removes troops►Maximillian captured and killedMaximillian captured and killed►1867 Juarez returns to power1867 Juarez returns to power

Reforms still opposedReforms still opposed►Still helped bring mestizos into politics and Still helped bring mestizos into politics and

separated church from stateseparated church from state

Porfirio DiazPorfirio Diaz

►Hero of war against Hero of war against FrenchFrench

► Stages coup after Stages coup after Juarez diesJuarez dies

►Gains full powerGains full power► 1876 makes himself 1876 makes himself

dictatordictator

““Order and Progress”Order and Progress”

►Army, police, central government Army, police, central government strengthenedstrengthened Opposition crushedOpposition crushed

►Under his rule Mexico increased in Under his rule Mexico increased in some wayssome ways

►Under his rule Mexico was weakenedUnder his rule Mexico was weakened►Tell me how turn to page 441Tell me how turn to page 441

ProsPros ConsCons

Pros Pros ConsCons

► Railroads builtRailroads built► Foreign trade increasedForeign trade increased► Industry developedIndustry developed► Mining expandedMining expanded► Central power Central power

strengthenedstrengthened

► Industry capital from Industry capital from feignersfeigners Special rights granted to Special rights granted to

themthem

► Wealthy landowners Wealthy landowners purchased indian landpurchased indian land

► Peonage systemPeonage system► Child mortality increasedChild mortality increased► Child literacy lowChild literacy low► Children working 12 Children working 12

houshous► Pro or con??Pro or con??

Peonage Peonage

BLAST FROM THE PAST BLAST FROM THE PAST DO NOW!!!!!DO NOW!!!!!

►What were 3 What were 3 ways the Meiji ways the Meiji reformed Japan?reformed Japan?

Monroe Doctrine 1823Monroe Doctrine 1823

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

U.S. InfluenceU.S. Influence

►Monroe Doctrine-1823Monroe Doctrine-1823 ““The American Continents, are not to be The American Continents, are not to be

considered as subjects for future considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”colonization by any European powers.”►Supported by BritainSupported by Britain►Why?Why?

What do you see?What do you see?

Pres. Mckinleys suitPres. Mckinleys suit

U.S. ExpansionU.S. Expansion

► Result of war with mexicoResult of war with mexico

Cali,ariz,new mex,Nev,Ut,colCali,ariz,new mex,Nev,Ut,col

► CubaCuba

Freed after Spanish American WarFreed after Spanish American War

►But…………..But…………..

►1901 1901 Platt amendment to the constitutionPlatt amendment to the constitution

U.S. InterferenceU.S. Interference

►American Investments increase in American Investments increase in 1900’s1900’s Investment needs protectionInvestment needs protection

►Roosevelt Corollary added to Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt Corollary added to Monroe Doctrine right of the United States to intervene to "stabilize" right of the United States to intervene to "stabilize"

the economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean the economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean and Central America if they were unable to pay their and Central America if they were unable to pay their international debts.international debts.

What was alternative?What was alternative? Dominican Republic Dominican Republic

T.R. corollaryT.R. corollary

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

► American Company’s American Company’s invest constant flow of invest constant flow of $ into Latin America$ into Latin America

► goal of diplomacy was goal of diplomacy was to create stability and to create stability and order abroad that order abroad that would best promote would best promote American commercial American commercial interestsinterests

► But with $$ But with $$ comes………..comes………..

Panama CanalPanama Canal

How to dig a canalHow to dig a canal

► U.S Had wanted to U.S Had wanted to build a canal for build a canal for awhileawhile

► Panama belonged Panama belonged to Columbiato Columbia

►What to doWhat to do► Back Panama Back Panama

independence revolt independence revolt in Columbiain Columbia

► 2 weeks after 2 weeks after independence Hay-Bunau independence Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty signedVarilla Treaty signed

► Allowed Panama Canal to Allowed Panama Canal to be built.be built.

► Phillipe Bunau-Varilla Phillipe Bunau-Varilla negotiates treaty with negotiates treaty with John Hay. Varilla is John Hay. Varilla is French, issue????? French, issue????? Decreased trip from NYC Decreased trip from NYC to San Fran by 6,000 to San Fran by 6,000 milesmiles

Test Review aka HomeworkTest Review aka Homework

►Page 448 Page 448 1-14 and 181-14 and 18

►Due ThursdayDue Thursday