Latin 101: The words of Latin1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions

2. How to learn Latin vocabulary

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay!

Each word belongs to a word-type (or part of speech). What parts of speech do we see here?

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

The glowing moon,

Definite Article Noun

Participle(adjective formed from verb)

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

reflecting brightly from snowy mountains,

Participle

Adverb

Preposition

Adjective

Noun

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

showed them a lake and this path

Verb

Pronoun

Indefinitearticle

Noun

Coordinating conjunction

Demonstrative adjective

Noun

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

which we are traveling happily

Relative pronoun

Personal pronoun

(Auxiliary verb ‘to be’)

Participle

Verb (present progressive)

Adverb

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsPARTS OF SPEECH

because our climbing is so easy. Yay!

Subordinating conjunction (causal)

Adjective (personal)

Gerund (verbal noun)

Verb (‘to be’)

Adverb/particle

Adjective

Interjection

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsGRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay!

Words and phrases play distinct roles in the meaning of the sentence. Each serves its own grammatical function. What functions are played by the words and phrases here?

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsGRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed (to) them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay!

SUBJECTMAIN VERB DIRECT OBJECT

INDIRECT OBJECT

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsIn Latin

The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay!

PARTICIPIAL CLAUSE

RELATIVE CLAUSE

CAUSAL CLAUSE

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsGRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

SUBJECT within relative clause

MAIN VERB within relative clause

DIRECT OBJECTwithin relative clause

this path, which we are traveling

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsGRAMMATICAL FUNCTION

Our climbing is so easy.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT/PREDICATE

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsIN LATIN

SUBJECT

MAIN VERB

DIRECT OBJECT

Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit

Noun (proper noun)

Participle AdjectiveNoun Verb

Greece having-been-captured (her) fierce conqueror captured

1. Parts of speech and grammatical functionsIN LATIN

SUBJECTMAIN VERB

COMPLEMENT/PREDICATE

ōrātor est vir bonus dīcendī perītus

Noun Verb ‘to be’

Gerund

Noun

(An) orator is (a) man good (and) at-speaking skilled

AdjectiveAdjective

2. How to learn Latinvocabulary“Principal parts”: NOUNS

agricola, agricolae m. farmer

fortūna, fortūnae f. chance, luck, fortune

cōnsilium, cōnsiliī n. plan, advice

Nominative singular form= basic form

Genitive singular form (“of the farmer”)= crucial info

Grammatical gender= crucial info Different

senses in English= crucial for changing contexts

Dōn’t fōrgēt yōūr mācrōns!

2. How to learn Latinvocabulary“Principal parts”: VERBS

vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus to call; name

dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus to owe; to be obligated to (“I ought”)

iaceō, iacēre, iacui, — to lie (e.g., on the ground)

1st person singular present active indicative (“I call”)

present active infinitive (“to call”)

1st person singular perfect active indicative (“I have called/I called”)

perfect passive participle (“having been called”)

Why do you think there’s no 4th principal part for iaceō?

2. How to learn Latin vocabularyFor the next class-meeting:

Be ready to be quizzed on vocab list at end of chs. 1 & 2.

Give a dictionary entry for rosa:

rosa, rosae f. “rose”

Give the Latin word for “be afraid”:

timeō, timēre, timuī, — “to fear, be afraid”

VOCAB FLASHCARDS:

http://www.leakyroofproductions.com/DataFiles/Shelmerdine_Latin/chapters_01-05/chapter_01/index.1.

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