Latha Sathiyamoorthy Mentor Dr Kern May 7 th 2013.

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PLACE OF LIVING INFLUENCES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BMI, NUTRIENT INTAKE OF ASIAN INDIANS Latha Sathiyamoorthy Mentor Dr Kern May 7 th 2013

Transcript of Latha Sathiyamoorthy Mentor Dr Kern May 7 th 2013.

Page 1: Latha Sathiyamoorthy Mentor Dr Kern May 7 th 2013.

PLACE OF LIVING INFLUENCES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BMI, NUTRIENT INTAKE OF ASIAN INDIANS

Latha SathiyamoorthyMentor Dr KernMay 7th 2013

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks to Dr. Mark Kern Dr. Lalitha Ramaswamy Dr. Susan Levy All study participants Aarti Sachdeva Alex Zawilski Carly Sullivan Family

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BACKGROUND: ASIAN INDIANS IN USA

2000 20100

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

1,718,778

2,918,807

USA Asian Indian population

69.8%

2000 20100

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

360,392

528,176

California Asian Indian population

2000 20100

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

7,926

17,255

San Diego Asian Indian population

46.6%

117.7%

Fig 1 Fig 2

Fig 3 U.S Census Bureau, 2010.

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BACKGROUND: LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY AMONG AI IN CALIFORNIA

death per 100,000 No of death death per 100,000 No of deathAge 45-64 Age >=65

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

83

154

875

491

205

476

1233

627

Death due to cardiovascular

FemaleMale

Palaniappan et al. 2010

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SOARING COST OF CVD

www.cdc.gov 2011

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PURPOSE

No studies examined and compared the influence of place of living on PA, BMI and nutrient intake among the Asian Indians.

Examine the PA, BMI and nutrient intake of Asian Indians living in San Diego and compare with those living in Coimbatore (South India)

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HYPOTHESIS

Asian Indians in San Diego compared to their counterparts in Coimbatore will

be more physically active have higher BMI have higher energy intake have greater nutrient intake

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METHODS

32 participants, male (N=16) female (N=16)

Age group of 18 -60 years 15 San Diego, male (N=7) female (N=8) 17 Coimbatore, male (N=9) female

(N=8) Inclusion and exclusion criteria Convenience non-random sampling

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METHODS

Single 24-hr diet recall Self-reported International Physical

Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Demographic questionnaire

self-reported height, weight, age, income, health info

BMI calculated (kg/m²)1kg=2.2 lbs

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METHODS

BMI category Under weight = <18.4 Normal weight = 18.5 to 22.9 Over weight = 23 to 24.9 Obese = >25 WHO

2000,2003, 2004

PA- METs (mins/week) was calculated Craig

et al., 2005;2004

Nutrient analysis- Food Processor (SD) and AuroNutriSoft (Coimbatore)

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METHODS

Participants from San Diego (SD) were grouped as living ≤ 10 yrs and > 10 years.

Descriptive statistics [Mean ± Std Dev; frequencies(%)] for demographic variables

Separate One-way ANOVAs (SPSS) were conducted to examine the differences in PA, BMI and nutrient intake of Asian Indians living in San Diego and in Coimbatore.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

*data is presented as Mean± SD OR Frequency (percentage)

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects based on place of living*Characteristics Total (N=32) San Diego (N=15) Coimbatore (N=17)

Age (Years) 38.19±12.31 38.87±10.11 37.59±14.27 Gender Male 16 (50) 7 (46.7) 9 (52.9)Female 16 (50) 8 (53.3) 8 (47.1)Marital status Married 24 (75) 14 (93.3) 10 (58.8)Unmarried 8 (25) 1 (6.7) 7 (41.2)Education qualifications Doctorates/Professional 2 (6.2) - 2 (11.8)Postgraduate 17 (53.1) 11 (73.3) 6 (35.3)Bachelors 8 (25) 2 (13.3) 6 (35.3)Associate degree 2 (6.2) 1 (6.7) 1 (5.9)High school 2 (6.2) 1 (6.7) 1 (5.9)Middle school 1 (3.1) - 1 (5.9)Employment Executives 3 (9.4) 2 (13.3) 1 (5.9)Doctor 1 (3.1) - 1 (5.9)Engineer 10 (31.3) 7 (46.7) 3 (17.6)Small bus 7 (21.9) - 7 (41.2)Others 11 (34.4) 6 (40) 5 (29.4)

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONT’DTable 1 cont'd

Characteristics Total (N=32) San Diego (N=15) Coimbatore (N=17)

Annual household income ($) >$150,000 5 (33.3) $100,000-150,000 5 (33.3) $70,000-100,000 3 (20) $40,000-70,000 2 (13.3) $10,000-40,000 - Income (₹)a >₹. 20,00,000 2 (11.8)₹. 10,00,000 -20,00,000 -₹. 5,00,000-10,00,000 5 (29.4)₹.2,00,000-5,00,000 3 (17.6)<₹. 2,00,000 7 (41.2)Height (cm) 165.10±9.80 167.28±9.71 163.18±9.76Weight (kg) 65.03±10.74 70.00±7.39 60.65±11.49BMI Category <18.4 –underweight 3 (9.4) - 3(17.6)18.5-22.9 –normal weight 11 (34.4) 3 (20) 8(47.1)23-24.9 –overweight 5 (15.6) 4 (26.7) 1 (5.9)>25 –obese 13 (40.6) 8 (53.3) 5 (29.4)*data is presented as Mean± SD OR Frequency (percentage) a values expressed in rupees (Indian currency)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT’D

Variables San Diego (N=15) Coimbatore(N=17) p-value

BMI 25.0±2.3 22.9±5.0 0.149METs minutes/ week 2479±2124 3452±2344 0.230Energy (kcal) 2892±1380 2445±1557 0.400

Protein (g) 84.42±36.21 58.53±28.25 0.031Carbohydrate (g) 440±241 291±117 0.031Fiber (g) 33.85±21.91 37.20±25.00 0.692Fat (g) 92.12±49.37 114.27±136.70 0.557Vitamin C (mg) 159±120 120±111 0.349Iron (mg) 30.64±15.18 20.06±18.63 0.091Sodium (mg) 4082±2226 9144±10840 0.086Calcium (mg) 1219±388 889±503 0.048Vitamin B12 (mcg) 4.96±3.91 1.72±1.17 0.003Vitamin A (RE) 399±273 142±113 0.001Manganese (mg) 4.58±3.51 11.25±6.26 0.001

Table 2 Physical activity, BMI and nutrient intake of Asian Indians living in San Diego and Coimbatore: Mean±SD

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONT’D

Variables In San Diego>10 years (N=8)

In San Diego≤ 10 years (N=7) p- value

BMI 25.51 ±2.60 24.48±2.01 0.412METs minutes/week 2778±2151 2137±2208 0.579Energy (Kcal) 2800±1267 2997±1596 0.794Carbohydrate(g) 414±227 470±271 0.670Protein (g) 82.88±39.52 86.18±35.08 0.867Fiber (g) 34.60±24.36 32.99±20.65 0.894Fat (g) 88.63±56.72 96.11±43.59 0.782Vitamin C (mg) 202±134 109±83 0.140Iron (mg) 33.06±16.49 27.86±14.25 0.528Sodium (mg) 4611±2101 3477±2368 0.343Calcium (mg) 1205±286 1235±506 0.888Vitamin B12 (mcg) 5.16±3.09 4.73±4.94 0.839Vitamin A (RE) 478±323 309±184 0.246Manganese (mg) 4.36±3.68 4.83±3.56 0.804

Table 3 Physical activity, BMI and nutrient intake of Asian Indians based on years of living in San Diego (Mean±SD)

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CONCLUSION

Place of living impacted intake of certain macro and micronutrient of Asian Indians.

carbohydrate (P= 0.031) protein (P=0.031) calcium (P=0.048) vitamin A (P=0.001) vitamin B12 (P=0.003) manganese (P=0.001)

But no significant difference on PA, BMI, energy intake and certain nutrient intake between SD and Coimbatore was detected

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Strength of the study Pioneer study Validated measures used

Limitations of the study A single 24-hr dietary recall Nutrient analysis software (standardization) Non-random convenience sample Type of study sample Self reported information

Future study warranted Large sample size 24-hr diet recall → 2 days and 1 weekend Blood samples – risk factors for chronic diseases

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