Latest trends in wireless technology

+

Latest Trends in Wireless Technology Dr. Mazlan Abbas

[Seminar, UTHM, 28 August, 2013]

+Summary

!  Introduction to the Digital Natives

!  DNA - The Key Drivers

!  The Key Challenges !  The Traffic Demand

!  The Network Requirements

!  The Technology Trends

!  Summary

+ Digital Natives - Webciety

Create Use Live

“We create the Internet” “We live and breathe in the Internet”

“We use the Internet”

+

1st Screen

2nd Screen

3rd Screen

4th Screen

5th Screen

Cinema

Television

Computer

Smartphone

Tablet

Digital Native

Screen Evolution

+Overview

!  3G Service

!  14.6 M subscriptions [Dec. 2012]

!  82% pop coverage [June 2012]

!  Cellular phone subscriptions

!  41.1 M

!  141.6% per pop [Dec. 2012]

!  Cellular coverage at populated areas

!  96.8% [Dec. 2012]

!  Internet users

!  17.7 M [June 2012]

!  Mobile broadband subscriptions !  3.3 M [Jan. 2013]

!  Broadband subscriptions !  6.2 M [Jan. 2013]

!  In 2013, our digital eco-system will welcome two new service, Hybrid TV – Digital Terrestrial TV with Internet and Mobile 4G-LTE

+4G (LTE)

+

Key Drivers

+

Driver #1

MOBILE

+Future Wireless Access – Key Challenges

Data Tsunami is coming •  Currently an exponential growth of mobile data is observed* •  More advanced devices with more capabilities

(smartphones, tablets, etc), as well as increased importance of machine generated data result in increased traffic generation

•  Multi-device ownership, resulting in synchronization of data between devices

•  Mobile Social Networking and User Generated Contents

* The data amount is doubling annually resulting in 1000× increase in the current decade, for the individual devices this means performance will increase 100×

+

First 20 Quarters Since Launch

Note AOL subscribers data not available before CQ3:94; Netscape users limited to US only. Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010

Subscribers (MM)

Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q9 Q11 Q13 Q15 Q17 Q19

20

40

60

80

100

0

Mobile Internet

Quarters Since Launch

Desktop Internet

It’s Happening Fast !

+

Global Mobile vs. Desktop Internet User Projection, 2007 – 2015E

Internet Users(MM)

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

0 2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E

Mobile Internet Users

Desktop Internet Users

Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010

The Trend is Irreversible

+

Annual global IP traffic will surpass the zettabyte threshold (1.4 zettabytes) by the

End of 2017

+

Global IP traffic has increased more than fourfold in the past 5 years, and will increase threefold over

the next 5 years.

+

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) will carry over half of Internet traffic in 2017.

+

Nearly half of all IP traffic will originate with non-PC devices by 2017

16%

PC

24%

TV

79%

Mobile Phones

82%

M2M

104%

Tablets

+

10GB Average'data'usage'per'month'

548GB Highest'user'consump4on'record''in'1'month'

600 Concurrent'users'per'site''

1,700TB Average'monthly'network'traffic'

Over 57% Rich'Media'ac4vi4es'on'P1’s'network'

Beyond Email. Beyond Voice

[SOURCE: Michael Lai Keynote Speech, WiMAX Forum SEA Regional Focus Conference 2010]

+

Traffic Equivalents* 1 Laptop= 15 Smartphones = 450 Voice Handsets

A Network Optimized for Mobile Voice Cannot Handle High Numbers of Mobile

Internet Users

[ Source: Cisco, 2009]

��

� ��

KDDI Confirms LTE Migration Plan But Will Use WiMAX and WIFI too KDDI’s&President&and&Chairman,&Tadashi&

Onodera&stated&at&GSMA&Mobile&Asia&Congress&2010�&&

TeleGeography,Comms,Update,

Wed,,17,Nov,2010,

LTE will not be sufficient to cope with such huge data demands so we also need to use

other technologies such as WiMAX and WiFi

Mobile Data Crunch

+Smartphones Unleashed

+

20!

Cre

ate

High-Performance UMPC Laptop

Laptop DIGI-Cam

Car

ry &

Ed

it

TV

UMPC UMD

eBook

Navigation

Dual Mode Handset PMP UMPC

Navigation Modem

Vie

w

In-Car Entertainment

Gateway

MP3 Player

Palm Pocket

Game PMP

Fixed & In Vehicle

Briefcase Handbag Backpack

��

Info

rmat

ion

Con

sum

er

Cre

ator

Device Ecosystem

+The Habits of Online Newspaper Readers

[http://online.wsj.com]

+User Interface Transformation

+What’s the Next UI?

Leap Motion Air Gesture

Moto-X Touchless Control

+

Driver #2

APPLICATIONS

Android Market

App Store

Blackberry App World

Ovi Store - Nokia

PlayNow Arena – Sony Ericsson

PocketGear App Store

Samsung App Store

Symbian Apps

Telus Mobility App Store

Verizon Media Store

Windows Marketplace

Mobile App Stores

+Data ARPU increase

Consumers increasingly want to access the same Internet content and services on their mobile phones that they can from fixed access/PCs

+

Social Media May 2011

+Impact of Facebook

+Impact of Twitter

+Impact of YouTube

800 Million+ Monthly Unique Visitors •  That’s more than the entire population of

Europe!

72 Hours+ Video Uploaded Per Minute •  That’s over a decade of content every day!

4 Billion Hours of Video Viewed Each Month •  That’s over 450,000 years of video viewed each

month!

+The Social Media Effect

User Generated Contents

+The Social Currency

+ YouTube Phenomenon

1% Rule (Internet Culture)

One will create content, 10 will "interact" with it (commenting or offering improvements) and the other 89 will just view it.

90-9-1 Principle 1% of people create content, 9% edit or modify that content, and 90% view the content without contributing.

[Sysomos analyzed over 2.5 million YouTube videos that were embedded in blog posts between July and December 2009.]

Net Traffic Exponential Growth!

+

Driver #3

NETWORKS

+

Never Ending Battle for “Networks Superiority”

Which is More Superior?

+The Future is Heterogeneous

Spectrum

Deployment

Technology GSM, HSPA,

LTE, WiFi

Macro – Outdoor Micro / Pico - Indoor

3G WiFi LTE

+

Key Challenges

+

Source: Morgan Stanley Mobile Internet Report Dec ‘09

1,000,000

100,000

10,000

100

10

1

1000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Devices/Users

Mainframe

Minicomputer

PC

Desktop Internet

10B+ Connected

Devices +1B

+100M

+10M

+1M

Mobile Internet

Source: Rysavy Research Feb;10

Mobile Internet Capacity Gbytes

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Capacity,Demand,

Capacity,,Supply,

The Mobile Internet Creating New Challenges For Carriers

+Traffic Grows Explosively But Not the Revenue Mobile data traffic will increase 1000 times in 10 years

Profit per bit will continuously decrease in the future years

+

Disruptive Transformation

The Changing World of Mobile Internet

Bandwidth Applications

•  Higher quality-of-experience

•  Higher sessions and session rates

•  New monetization models

“Pipe Provider” “Value-Added Provider”

+

To Design Wireless Network of The Future We Need to Understand the Traffic

Requirements

+Unbalanced Traffic Distribution

!  Imbalance between the terminal type: in 2010, smart phone’s global penetration rate is 13%, while it contribute 78% traffic load from the mobile device

!  Geographic imbalance: in 2009, more than 50% mobile service happened at home/office; while this percentage is 63% in China. Most of the data service happens in low mobility indoor and dense urban

!  Monthly basic mobile phone data traffic !  Smartphone = 24 x phone !  Handheld Gaming Console = 60 x phone !  Tablet = 122 x phone !  Laptop = 515 x phone

+Information Access

!  The “paperless society” will have a huge impact on

networks:

•  media will be consumed in portable devices;

•  daily commuters will need a lot of information on an

instantaneous basis.

+

Devices of Tomorrow are Wearable

Location Awareness

•  Location based services are being introduced these days, upon user demand.

•  The opposite way may be introduced, i.e., the environment being aware that the user is present.

+Internet of Things !  Today’s systems are based on a person being the end user

!  Future systems must consider machine-to-machine (M2M) communications as being potentially more important

!  Sensor networks are emerging as one of the “killer” network structures of the future.

“By 2020, You'll Own 50 Internet-Connected Devices”

+Power Consumption Plays an Important Role in OPEX

High CAPEX/OPEX of RAN result from BS equipment room

+Challenges and Requirements for Future

!  Explosive growth of mobile data traffic

!  Unbalanced DL and UL traffic

!  Huge power consumption

!  Spectrum Fragmentation

!  Low-band spectrum used

!  Higher data rate / Higher spectrum Efficiency

!  Flexible adaptation of DL/UL traffic

!  Better energy savings

!  Efficient utilization of un-paired spectrum

!  More usable spectrum

Challenges Requirements

+Key Requirements and Technology Directions to be Considered

!  Significant gain in spectrum efficiency per area (bps/Hz/m2) with significant reduction in cost per bit (500 – 1000x traffic by 2020’s)

!  Emerging solutions to deal with traffic explosion !  Traffic offloading

!  Offloading strategies tuned to applications and scenarios

!  Network density

!  Technical trends such as multi-layer cell deployment

!  Network architecture to reduce cost per bit

+Requirements from User Perspective

!  Higher data rate and user-experienced throughput !  Data rate competitive to that of future wired networks

!  Gbps-order everywhere

!  Low latency for improving user experience

!  Fairness of user throughput !  In a cell

!  Improve cell-edge throughput

!  Among cells

!  Urban to rural

!  Digital divide

!  Among users

!  Light-weight users impact from few heavy users

+Requirements from Operator Perspective

!  Flexible, easy, and cost-efficient operation !  For diverse spectrum allocation

!  Efficient utilization of higher/wider frequency bands

!  For diverse environments and network nodes/devices with different types of backhauling

!  Femto, Mesh, Relay, etc.

!  For diverse types of services, user devices, and communication methodologies

!  Thin client, Cloud, etc.

!  Energy saving (Green) !  Reduction in joule per bit

!  System robustness

+

© 3GPP 2012

© 3GPP 2012

•  1G: analogue systems from 1980s (e.g. NMT, AMPS, TACS, C-Netz)

•  2G: first digital systems of 1990s (e.g. GSM, CDMA One, PDC, D-AMPS)

•  3G: IMT-2000 family defined by ITU-R (e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000)

•  4G: fulfilling requirements of IMT-Advanced defined by ITU-R (e.g. LTE-A, WiMAX)

•  5G: ?

•  too early to be a topic in standardization, further 4G enhancements expected before driven by requirements from customers & network operators restricted by spectrum limitations often influenced by new technologies/applications

Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems

+Evolution of Wireless Technologies

+

© 3GPP 2012

© 3GPP 2012

1999

Release 99

Release 5

Release 6

HSDPA

W-CDMA Release 4 LCR TDD

HSUPA, MBMS

Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, etc.) Release 8 LTE

Release 9

Release 10

LTE enhancements

Release 12

ITU-R M.1457 IMT-2000 Recommendation

ITU-R M.2012 [IMT.RSPEC] IMT-Advanced Recommendation

3GPP work is structured in releases (REL) of 1-3 years duration

each release consists of several work

items (WI) and study items (SI)

even if a REL is completed corrections are possible later existing features of one REL can be

enhanced in a future REL

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

???

LTE-Advanced

Further LTE Release 11 enhancements

3GPP aligned to ITU-R IMT process 3GPP Releases evolve to meet:

• •

Future Requirements for IMT Future operator and end-user requirements

only main RAN WI listed

now 2013 2015

Release schedule & RAN features

+ •  REL-9: mainly addition of LCS (Location service) & MBMS

(Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) & enhancement of others (e.g. SON, HeNB)

•  Main motivation to introduce LTE-A in REL-10: •  IMT-Advanced standardization process in ITU-R for 4G •  Additional IMT spectrum band identified in WRC07

•  LTE-Advanced (REL-10/11 ...) is an evolution of LTE (REL-8/9), i.e. LTE-Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE © 3GPP 2012

LTE Rel-8 cell

LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal

LTE-Advanced cell

LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal

An LTE-Advanced terminal can work in an LTE Rel-8 cell An LTE Rel-8 terminal can work

in an LTE-Advanced cell

LTE-Advanced contains all features of LTE Rel-8 & 9 and additional features for further evoluton

LTE target:: peak data rates: DL: 100Mbps UL: 50Mbps TS 25.913

LTE-A target:: peak data rates: DL: 1Gbps UL: 500Mbps TS 36.913

From LTE to LTE-Advanced

+

E-UTRA Operating band

Uplink (UL) Operating Band BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL) Operating Band BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex Mode Channel Bandwidths

Approximate Center Frequency

1 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz

2110 MHz to 2170 MHz

FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2100 MHz

2 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz


FDD

1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20

1900 MHz

3 1710 MHz to 1785 MHz


FDD

1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20

1800 MHz

4 1710 MHz to 1755 MHz


FDD

1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20

1700 MHz

5 824 MHz to 849 MHz

869 MHz to 894 MHz

FDD

1, 4, 3, 5, 10 850 MHz

6 830 MHz to 840 MHz

875 MHz to 885 MHz

FDD

5, 10 850 MHz

7 2500 MHz to 2570 MHz


FDD

5, 10, 15, 20 2600 MHz

8 to 44

Frequency Bands and Channel Bandwidths

Celcom (May 2013) Maxis (April 2013)

Celcom (April 2013) Maxis (Jan 2013) Digi (July 2013-Planned)

[Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA]

+Release 12

3GPP time plan for REL-12 (decided in TSG #56 in June 2012): •  Start: Sept. 2012 (TSG #57) •  Stage 1 (requirements) freeze: March 2013 (TSG #59) •  Stage 2 (functional description) freeze: Dec. 2013 (TSG #62) •  Stage 3 (all details) freeze: June 2013 (TSG #64)

RAN Workshop on REL-12 & onwards held in June 11-12, 2012 in LlublJana, Slovenia: •  About 250 participants •  42 presentations (http://www.3gpp.org/3GPP-News) from leading network operators

and manufacturers •  Scope:

•  Requirements •  Potential technologies •  Technology roadmap for Release 12, 13 and afterwards

(Note: Workshop covered also UMTS but inly LTE is considered here)

+Requirements for RAN in REL-12 !  Capacity increase to cope with

traffic explosion

!  Energy savings

!  Cost efficiency

!  Support for diverse application and traffic type

!  Higher user experience/data rate

!  Backhaul enhancement

!  2010 " 2020: 500x more smartphones %& tablets; most data traffic indoor

!  Network operations/expanding costs, eNB/UE power consumption

!  New apps, M2M interworking, public safety

!  User expects higher data rate for similar costs

!  Can become bottleneck with larger data traffic increase

Requirements Impact

+ Potential Technologies identified by REL-12 Workshop

!  A great majority showed interest in Small Cell Enhancement for LTE. Technologies proposed by many members:

!  Interference coordination / management

!  Dynamic TDD

!  Enhanced discovery / mobility

!  Frequency separation between macro and small cells with higher

frequency band, e.g. 3.5 GHz band for the small cells

!  Inter site CA / macro cell assisted small cells

!  Allows flexible data rate increase via carrier aggregation

avoiding control signaling in small cells

!  Wireless backhaul for small cell

+ Potential Technologies identified by REL-12 Workshop

!  Very clear interest related to LTE Multi-Antenna/site technologies such as: !  3D MIMO/beam-forming to allow beam control in both horizontal

and vertical directions

!  New procedures and functionalities for LTE to support diverse traffic types proposed by many members:

!  Control signaling reduction, etc. antenna array

+Summary

•  Envisaged REL-12 topics (to be completed by June 14): •  main topic: small cell enhancements cope with data traffic explosion

•  further multi-antenna enhancements (3D MIMO, CoMP enhancements)

•  D2D/public safety, offloading via Wifi, MTC will bring new aspects

•  further enhancements of existing features (e.g. SON, MDT, CA)

•  Future:

•  further 4G enhancements expected before 5G (if 5G then led via ITU)

•  driven by requirements from customers & network operators

•  often triggered by availability of new spectrum and influenced by new technologies/applications and costs

+

THANK YOU EMAIL: [email protected] TWITTER: mazlan_abbas FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/drmazlanabbas LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com/in/mazlan/ SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/mazlan1 PINTEREST: www.pinterest.com/mazlan

Latest trends in wireless technology

Technology

Transcript of Latest trends in wireless technology