LaSyS – workshop Tune 2005 Spatial Indicators for Landscape Development in Denmark - GIS-based...

LaSyS – workshop Tune 2005

Spatial Indicators for

Landscape Development in

Denmark- GIS-based Analysis of Long Term

Changes and Persistence

Bernd Münier, Pia Frederiksen, Gregor Levin

National Environmental Research Institute - Denmark

Department of Policy Analysis

Spatial indicators for landscape development in DenmarkBernd Münier ... LaSyS - Tune 2005

Why spatial indicators ?

• Landscape composition (a-spatial):

– OK for human utilization (census, agricultural

production, ...)

– not satisfying for ecological applications and biodiversity

issues.

• Lack of information on:

– configuration

– persistence

– => need analysis of spatial and temporal landscape

development

• CB 2010 requires spatial indicators !


Mapping local changes – 3 lake areas

0 100 200 300 Meters

1900

0 100 200 300 Meters

1900 on 1886

0 100 200 300 Meters

1886

Topographic map

=> Common boundaries1886 - 1900 - 1950 - 1996

Krag Nat4x (xe)andetmoseengOverdrevhedeStrandengSøløvnålblandet nål og løvråstofgravbyhaveuklassificeret


SignaturerandetmoseengOverdrevhedeStrandengSøløvnålanden skovby

19001886

19961950

Legendnot mappedfenswet meadowsdry grasslandsheathlandssalt marshesopen waterforest - decid.forest - conif.forest mixed.urban

Dallerup sø study area

10 km



19001886

19961950


St. Gribsø study area

10 km



19001886

19961950


Kragsø study area

10 km


Topographic maps ~ 1886 - 1900 - 1950 - 1996

Urban

Mixed forest

Conif. forest

Decid. forest

Open water

Heath

Wet meadows

Fens

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

DallerupSø

DallerupSø

DallerupSø

DallerupSø

St. Gribsø St. Gribsø St. Gribsø St. Gribsø Kragsø Kragsø Kragsø Kragsø

Dallerup sø St.Gribsø Kragsø

Composition: land cover net changes


Configuration: fate of land tracts NA8_1886 NA8_1900 NA8_1950 NA8_1996

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 02 0 0 02 2 0 02 2 2 02 2 2 25 5 5 52 6 6 6

6 6 6 66 6 8 66 6 6 76 6 7 7

0 0 0 95 5 5 9

0 0 9 99 9 9 9

Dallerup sø886 - 1900 - 1950 - 1996

NA8_1886 NA8_1900 NA8_1950 NA8_1996

0 0 0 01 1 1 12 2 2 10 0 0 22 2 2 2

5 5 5 50 0 0 61 6 6 6

6 6 6 67 6 6 68 6 6 67 7 6 68 8 6 66 6 7 67 7 7 66 6 8 60 0 0 71 1 1 7

6 6 6 7

6 6 7 77 6 7 76 7 7 7

7 7 7 78 8 7 76 6 8 78 8 8 7

0 0 0 9

0 0 9 99 9 9 9

NA8_1886 NA8_1900 NA8_1950 NA8_1996

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 01 1 0 01 2 0 0

2 2 0 0

3 3 0 02 2 2 0

3 3 3 01 1 2 12 2 2 12 2 2 23 0 0 33 3 0 33 0 3 3

3 3 3 33 3 3 63 7 7 60 0 0 73 0 0 7

3 3 0 7

3 3 3 70 0 7 73 0 7 7

3 3 7 70 7 7 7

3 7 7 73 3 9 9

Kragsø1886 - 1900 - 1950 - 1996

St. Gribsø1886 - 1900 - 1950 - 1996


Landscape spacio-temporal dynamics

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

I

Dalle

rup S

ø II

III

I

St. Grib

sø

II

III

I

Kragsø

II

II

ILakes & periods

NET_CHANGE / 2

SWAP / 2

Persistence


• Compare to development

by chance – persistence is:

– Lowest:

every trace of land may

change to every land

cover type = max entropy

– Highest:

persistence = MIN(T1,T2)

Meadows 1886 to 1900GainLossPersistentNewer

Period I: 1886-1900 Meadows [ha]

Observed persistence 633

Persistence by chance 59

Maximum persistence 975

Dallerup sø

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Other Fens Meadows Heath OpenWater

ForestDecid.

ForestConif.

Forstmixed

Build up

Period I: 1886-1900

Period II: 1900-1950

Period III: 1950-1996

St. Gribsø

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000


ForestDecid.

ForestConif.

Forstmixed

Build up

Period I: 1886-1900Period II: 1900-1950Period III: 1950-1996

Kragsø

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000


ForestDecid.

ForestConif.

Forstmixed

Build up

Period I: 1886-1900Period II: 1900-1950Period III: 1950-1996

Temporal development – how persistent is land cover?

Persistent areas. Hi-Lo bars indicate maximum persistence (Hi) and persistence by chance (Lo)


Kragsø swap 1886 vs. 1900

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600Gridsize [m x 10]

Are

a [%

]

Other

Fens

Meadows

Heath

Forest

Grain size: The spatial dimension of temporal changes


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Gridsize [m x 10]

Are

a [

ha

]

Other

Fens

Meadows

Heath

Forest


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Gridsize [m x 10]

Are

a [

ha

]

Other

Fens

Meadows

Heath

Forest

Kragsø 1886 - 1900Other Fens Meadows Heath Forest

Rel. Swap [% TotChange] 9.6% 14.4% 83.0% 8.4% 0.0%Swap average / Swap max 0.14 0.27 0.44 0.16 -


Rel. Swap [% TotChange] 27.1% 23.5% 73.6% 9.6% 9.2%Swap average / Swap max 0.21 0.54 0.55 0.17 0.19


Rel. Swap [% TotChange] 90.0% 9.3% 27.9% 34.4% 19.0%Swap average / Swap max 0.33 0.35 0.23 0.29 0.21


Conclusions• The ‘long’ perspective spans only about 120

years.• Topographic maps contribute with extra spatial

information– but some important information is missing

• time gaps of ~ 40 years• dry grasslands not mapped

– => additional information from remote sensing

• Indicators expressing landscape configuration, persistence and changes.

• Spatial and temporal dynamics.

• Outlook: integration with physio-geographical data, agricultural census, EU subsidies, protected areas (Natura 2000,...) , environmental monitoring data etc.


Thank you very much for your attention

Karg_na3_merge.shpH H H HH H H XH H X XH X X XX X X XH H H SH H S SH S S SH X X SH H X SH X S SX X X SX X S SAnden HedeAnden SkovANDET

Kragsø 1996VandBebygget

Background pictures provided by www.naturnet.dk

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