Paper 1: USSR Paper 1: Eastern Europe Paper 1: PRC

Khrushchev --> Destalinization, Virgin Lands Program(JFK, Cuban Missile Crisis)

BrezhnevDétente (SALT I, START, non-proliferation)1968: Brezhnev Doctrine

Prague Spring (Dubcek)Afghanistan: 1979-1989

Helsinki Accords :1975

Andropov/Chernenko Gerontocracy

GorbachevYoungGlasnost, perestroika, democratization“More efficient socialist economy” capitalism Law on Joint Enterprises (1986) = privatizationLaw on Cooperative (1988): private services, manufacturing1989: Sinatra doctrine (my way), Berlin Wall

Eastern Europe: Solidarity (Lech Walesa)Velvet Revolution (Vaclav Havel),Hungary (Ceausescu) – most violent

YeltsinRussian Federation – 1991

Poland: 2013 Paper 1Solidarity, Lech Walesa, Gdansk shipyards, Pope John Paul II…

Germany / Berlin: Fall of the Wall: 1989die Wende/The Turning PointGerman Reunification, 1990

Czechoslovakia: Imre Nagy (hanged), Velvet Revolution, Alexander Dubček, Václav Havel

Hungary: “Democracy package”

Romania: Fall (execution) of Nicolae Ceaușescu

Singing Revolution: 1987-1991, Baltic States

Yugoslavia: Death of Tito, 1980

Legacy of Mao Great Leap Forward (1958)Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76), Red Guard, 10 Lost YrsLin Bao Incident (1971)

1976: Deaths of Zhou Enlai & Mao

Power players: Gang of Four (Madame Mao)Hua Gaufeng (Mao 2.0) – “Two Whatevers”Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping: The Pragmatist*Justifies socialism w/ Chinese Characteristics

1978: Four Modernizations:Agriculture, Industry, Sci-Tech, Defense

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs)Foreign invest/trade / Open Door Policy (2.0)Household Responsibility System (HRS)Individual Responsibility System (IRS)

1980s = Industrial Revolution

1989: Tiananmen Square (June 4/ 5) - Repression

Last Minute RecapFormat of Paper 1: 1 hour, 5 Questions: *Read Questions FIRST Read documents as you answer the questions1a: 3+ facts (can quote – keep it short!) [3 marks]1b: 2 meanings (based on visual or text, be specific, do not over-write) [2 marks]2: Compare/Contrast (separate responses – be specific/explicit in c/c) [6 marks]3: O-P-V-L (separate responses, ) [6 marks]4: Mini-Essay: Answer the Q, Opposing View, Justify the 2, ALL docs & Outside info, save 20 minutes for this [8 marks]

•Subjective (Emotionally Laden)•Evidence: Language, Tone, Style•Public vs. Private•Proximity to Event

•Selective use of information•Political Bias•Historian - National/Social Influence/Bias

•Language Issues (access to foreigndocuments/translation)•Soviet Secrecy & Manipulation of Statistics

•Lack of access to Communist Archives(pre-1991 USSR)•Face Saving•Propaganda

•General texts lack depth/detail•Exaggeration (Motivation for?)

Common Limitations of Sources:

Paper 2 Historiography Paper 3Orthodox = Traditional PerspectiveSoviet Orthodox = Pro-CommunismWestern Traditional (aka Liberal)= Pro-Capitalism & Democracy

Revisionism & Post-Revisionism:Revisionism: 1st time opposing or conflicting views emerge as legitimatePost-Revisionism: Justifies both sides, possibly with new information

Ideology:Marxist, Leninist, Stalinist, Cult of Mao, Arab Nationalist, Arab Socialist, Pan-Arabism

Archives:USSR archives opening after fall 1989/1991PRC & Cuba = Still in control, keeps control of informationEgypt: Importance & translations of Arab documents = emerging field of studyUSA = Declassified documents = freedom of information act, Sensitive info = still redacted

USSR: Pravda, Sheila Fitzpatrick, Robert Service, Orlando FiguesPRC: Edgar Snow, Jonathan Spence, Chang & HallidayCuba:Foreign Affairs Article, Dominguez, The Real story of the Cuban Missile CrisisEgypt: Anthony Nutting, Robert Stephens, Eric Hobsbaum

HOA PAPER 3 UNITS:

• Independence Movements

• United States Civil War: causes, course and effects 1840‑77

• The Great Depression and the Americas 1929‑39

• Civil Rights and social movements in the Americas

Papers 2 & 3: Approx. 5 minutes pre-writing, 40 minutes writing

Select the topics/Prompts that you can answer MOST SUCCESSFULLYPaper 2: DO NOT WRITE ABOUT: Hitler, Mussolini or Franco! Do not select Korea/Vietnam Specific promptPaper 3: Do not select Canada

Pre-writing: ADDRESS THE TASK!!!! Plan Bodies, consider counter-arguments Strong thesis in introduction: ADDRESS THE TASK!!!! Bodies: Strong topic sentences, groupings based on task, key concepts, key figures, dates, events, and historiography Conclusion; Strong, re-state thesis, acknowledge limitations and counter-arguments

Single Party States Cold War

At least 1 leader from each region•USSR (Europe): Lenin OR Stalin •PRC (Asia): Mao•Cuba (Latin America): Castro•Egypt (Europe): Nasser

•Rise to Power (including Ideologies)

•Examples of Foreign & Domestic Policies

•Successes & Failures• Global Impact

•Dates

•Historiography:• General (Orthodox,

Revisionist, Post-Revisionist)

• Specific: Know 1 name for each

Know Chronology!!!

Origins of the Cold War:Ideology, ConferencesUS & USSR Foreign Policies (Doctrines)

Regional Examples:Germany: Berlin blockade & airlift (1948-49), Berlin Wall (1961)1950s Cuba: Castro, Revolution, Embargo, Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuban Missile CrisisKorea & Vietnam: Proxy wars, policies

Détente:1960s & 1970s – change in policies and East/West relations

START, SALT I

End of the Cold War: 1989-1991Eastern EuropeFall of Berlin WallCollapse of USSR

“It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Arguments & Counterarguments

Cold War:Why did the end of the Second World War lead to the

development of two superpowers and how did this development help to cause the Cold War?

What do I NEED to study? Paper 1

• Communism in Crisis: 1976-1989– USSR & Eastern Europe: 1979-1991– Eastern Europe: Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Germany…– PRC: 1976-1989

• Format of Paper 1:– 1 hour– Questions:

• 1a: 3+ facts• 1b: 2 meanings• 2: Compare/Contrast• 3: O-P-V-L• 4: Mini-Essay

– Answer the Q– Opposing View– Justify the 2– ALL docs & Outside info

• Key Leaders

• Key Policies/Doctrines

• At least 3 (significant) dates

• Key Vocabulary

• Causes & Effects

• Historiography?

What do I NEED to study? Paper 2

Single Party States:• At least 1 leader from each region

– USSR (Europe): Lenin OR Stalin – PRC (Asia): Mao– Cuba (Latin America): Castro– Egypt (Europe): Nasser– DO NOT WRITE ABOUT: Hitler, Mussolini or

Franco!

• Rise to Power (including Ideologies)

• Examples of Foreign & Domestic Policies

• Successes & Failures– Global Impact

• Dates

• Historiography

Cold War:• Know Chronology!!!

• Origins of the Cold War:– Ideology, Conferences– US & USSR Foreign Policies (Doctrines)

• Regional Examples:– Germany: Berlin blockade & airlift (1948-49), Berlin

Wall (1961)– 1950s Cuba: Castro, Revolution, Embargo, Bay of Pigs

Invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis– Korea & Vietnam: Proxy wars, policies

• Détente:– 1960s & 1970s – change in policies and East/West

relations• START, SALT I

• End of the Cold War: 1989-1991– Eastern Europe– Fall of Berlin Wall– Collapse of USSR

Historiography – In General• Orthodox = Traditional Perspective

– Soviet Orthodox = Pro-Communism– Western Traditional (aka Liberal)= Pro-Capitalism & Democracy

• Orthodox View of Korean War in USA = War was justified• Orthodox view of Vietnam war in USA = War was a mistake

• Revisionism & Post-Revisionism:– Revisionism: 1st time opposing or conflicting views emerge as legitimate– Post-Revisionism: Justifies both sides, possibly with new information

• Ideology:– Marxist, Leninist, Stalinist, Cult of Mao, Arab Nationalist, Arab Socialist, Pan-Arabism

• Archives:– USSR archives opening after fall 1989/1991– PRC & Cuba = Still in control, keeps control of information– Egypt: Importance & translations of Arab documents = emerging field of study– USA = Declassified documents = freedom of information act

• Sensitive info = still redacted

Historiography - Specific• USSR:

– Pravda– Sheila Fitzpatrick, Robert Service, Orlando Figues

• PRC:– The People’s Daily– Edgar Snow, Jonathan Spence, Chang & Halliday

• Cuba:– Foreign Affairs Article Dominguez

• Egypt:– Anthony Nutting, Robert Stephens, Eric Hobsbaum

What do I NEED to study? Paper 3

• Independence Movements

• United States Civil War: causes, course and effects 1840 77‑

• The Great Depression and the Americas 1929 39‑

• Civil Rights and social movements in the Americas

• ZINN!!!!