Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CANHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016

Large Scale Testing of

Existing and Innovative Floor

Diaphragm Components

Dr. Robert B. Fleischman

University of Arizona

5 December 2016

Technical Session III: Example Prior Projects

Conducted at Lehigh

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA2NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 2

Presentation Outline

Project 1: NSF GOALI (Existing Details)

Development of a Seismic Design

Methodology for Precast Floor

Diaphragms (DSDM)

Project 2: NSF NEESR (Innovative Sys.)

Development of an Inertial Force-

Limiting Floor Anchorage System

(IFAS)

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA3NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 3

Presentation Outline

Multi-University Research Projects

Lehigh co-PIs and Grad Students

Large Scale Sub-assemblage Testing

Lehigh Testing Program used for:

• Component Characterization

• Analytical Model Construction

• Demonstration of Concept

• Guidance for Large Scale System Tests

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA4NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 4

Project 1: NSF GOALI - DSDM

Development of a Seismic Design Methodology

for Precast Floor Diaphragms (DSDM)

NSF GOALI (2005-07) / NEESR (2008-09)

Co-funded by PCI & CPF

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA5NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 5

Diaphragm Action

Diaphragm action carries seismic forces horizontally in the

floor slab to walls and frames…

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA6NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 6

Precast Diaphragm Past Performance

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA7NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 7

DSDM Research Team

Producer Members

University of California

San Diego

Jose’ Restrepo, PI

Producer Members

Lehigh University

Clay Naito, PI

Richard Sause, Co-PI

Industry Advisory Panel

Industry Liaison

S. K. Ghosh, Co-PI

University of Arizona

Robert Fleischman

Consortium Leader

DSDM Task Group

Graduate Students: Dichuan Zhang ,Ge

Wan, M. Mielke, A. Mullenbach (UA)

Matthew Schoettler, Andrea Belleri (UCSD)

Ruirui Ren, Liling Cao (LU)

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA8NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 8

Research Flow

Diaphragm Level (UA)

Diaphragm Capacity

Diagram Load Paths & Limit States

Structure Level (UCSD)

Diaphragm Inertial Forces

Flexible Diaphragm Structures

FpxFpxFpx

FE Pushover Analysis 3D FE Dynamic Analysis

MDOF Dynamic Analysis

Detail Level (LU)

Connector Properties

Connector Classification

Full-Scale Detail Tests

Scaled Shake Table Test

Hybrid Testing of Joints

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA9NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 9

Isolated Connector Specimens

34"

6x6 W2.9xW2.9

3.5" x 1" x 38"

14"

SIDE ELEVATION

3.5" E70

4'

TOP PLAN

(6x6 W2.9xW2.9)

6"

6"

2'Extra

Rebars

118"

312"

135°

5 916

"

6"

1"

538"

78"

7/16"

10°angle

PL1/2"x2"x8"

4"

PL1/2"x2"x8" Grade 36

3/4"x7" round stock

6x6 W2.9xW2.9 34"

(2) #5

SIDE ELEVATION

6"E70

4'

TOP PLAN

(6x6 W2.9xW2.9)

2'

6"

(2) #5 Grade 60 barASTM A706

1"

7/16"

6"

6"

134"

114

"

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA10NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 10

Shear Connector Model Calibration

dv

V V

Cyclic response

-20

-10

0

10

20

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6

dv (in)

V(k

ips)

TEST

-20

-10

0

10

20

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6

Model

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA11NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 11

Ductile Mesh Model Calibration

V, dv

-50

-25

0

25

50

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

dv(in)

V (

kip

s)

Test

-50

-25

0

25

50

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Model

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA12NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 12

Diaphragm Analytical Models

“Discrete Connector” FE models

Ramp Cavity

Transverse inertial load Precast units

Nonlinear coupled springs

and contact elements

Column

Leading SP

Free Body Diagram

(Forces in SP longitudinal

direction removed for clarity)

Forces in DT-SP

connectors

Precast

units

Trailing SP

Shear

wall

0 1 Uncovered joint not

at max shear

0 1 3

3:

Inertial

force

Lsp

VSP

VSP

MSP

MSP

dV3

Confining effect

within SP span

due to opening

Leading SP

Trailing SP

Concentrated OpeningLimited Opening

Free Body Diagram

(Forces in SP transverse

direction removed for clarity)

NSP

NSP

i

i

n

n

dOi

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA13NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 13

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA14NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 14

Test Substructure: Panels at Critical Joint

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA15NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 15

Lehigh MDOF Test Fixture

1.22 m

(4')

610 mm

610 mm

2 spaces @ 54=108 mm

(a) Plan View

229 mm 67 mm

51 mm 381mm330 mm

4.88 mm (16')

(b) Side elevation

WWR 305x915-MD83xMD29

(mm)

28.6 mm diameter

anchor holes

140 mm7 Anchor holes @ 610 mm =3.66 m

JVI Vector

Chord connector

Joint face

Stirrup hooks

Support face

Stem2 # 4 bars Flange

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

3 JVIs @ 610 mm 3 JVIs @ 610 mm457 mm 457 mm305 mm

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA16NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 16

Predetermined Displacement History Tests

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA17NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 17

PDH Test Predictions

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA18NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 18

PDH Test Response

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA19NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 19

PDH Testing: Results

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA20NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 20

PDH Test Results: Flexure

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

-0.0002 -0.0001 0 0.0001 0.0002

rot

M (k-in)

Test

Predict

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

-0.0002 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008

rotM (k-in)

Test

Predict

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

-0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005

rot

M (k-in)

Test

Predict

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

-0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015

rot

M (k-in)

Test

Predict

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

-0.004 -0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001

rot

M (k-in)

Predict

Test

CH Service CH DBE CH MCE

CH Bi-dir DBE BK MCEJoint Flexural

Response

M

q

M

Weld Fracture

Minor Cracking

Major Cracking/Crushing

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA21NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 21

Critical Shear Joint: Hybrid Test

DT units: Plane stress elements

Precast spandrel: 2D beam element

Symmetry boundary

Global CS joint (See Fig.8a)

Shear wall: Shell element

Base plastic hinge: Bi-axial fiber elements

Nonlinearspring& contact

Nonlinearrotationalspring

Floor: 2D beam

Nonlinearshear spring

Shear wall3D beam

Nonlinearsprings & contact

Nonlinearshear springs

Nonlinearsprings &contact

Plane stresselement

(b) (a)

DT units: Plane stress elements

Precast spandrel: 2D beam element

Symmetry boundary

Global CS joint (See Fig.8a)

Shear wall: Shell element

Base plastic hinge: Bi-axial fiber elements

Nonlinearspring& contact

Nonlinearrotationalspring

Floor: 2D beam

Nonlinearshear spring

Shear wall3D beam

Nonlinearsprings & contact

Nonlinearshear springs

Nonlinearsprings &contact

Plane stresselement

(b) (a)

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA22NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 22

Lehigh Test Algorithms: Hybrid Testing

Hybrid Testing :

• Matlab based program

• Alpha method with fixed

number of iterations

(Mercan and Ricles 2005)

• Restoring force provided

by RDOF Model (ANSYS)

• Actuator displacement

commands (D1, D2, D3)

controlled through a

multiple loop architecture

• Inner loop iterates for

kinematic compensation of

three actuator system

Springs for shear

contribution of

spandrels

T top

T bot

V

Actuator 1D and F

a

Actuator 2D and F

Actuator 3D and F

d

d1

d1

c

c

eb

LVDT C5

LV

DT

D9

LVDT C1

1 1

2 2

3 3

Matlab based

time integration

progam

DisplacementsDisplacements

Restoring

forces

Restoring

forces

12

34

6

5

z

xy

D1

D2

D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

D8 D9 D10

C1

C6C2

C5

76 mm typ.

305 mm

5 LVDT @ 914 mm=3.66 m610mm610mm

152 mm

51mm

229 mm typ.

82 mm typ.

C8

Movable support

Fixed support

D

D

C4 C7

D

LVDT stem

LVDT

anchorage406 mm typ.

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

UP FO

R

UP F

OR

UP F

OR

UP F

OR

UP F

OR

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA23NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 23

Test Results: Hybrid Testing

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2

D(in)

F (k)

Test

Ansys model

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0 1000 2000

Step

Op

enin

g (

in)

Hybrid simulation

Reduced NLTDA

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 200 400 600

Kv (kN/mm)

N (kN)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 800 1600

Kv (kN/mm)

Step

Hybrid test

(a) (b)

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA24NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 24

Shake Table Demonstration Test

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA25NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 25

Analytical Simulation

3rd floor

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

3 5 7 9

Time (s)

D (in)

Test

Prediction

Diaphragm deflection

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

3 4 5 6 7 8

Time (s)

F (k)

Test

Prediction

Diaphragm Force

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA26NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 26

DSDM Project Outcome

• Deliverable: A new seismic design methodology for precast

concrete diaphragms.

• Outcome: New design provisions approved for inclusion in

ASCE 7-16 and Part 3 of the 2015 NEHRP Provisions.

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA27NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 27

Project 2: NEESR IFAS

NEES @ UCSD NEES @ Lehigh

NEESR: Inertial Force-Limiting Floor

Anchorage Systems for Seismic Resistant

Building Structures (IFAS)

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA28NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 28

Project Team

Dr. Robert Fleischman, PIZhi Zhang, Ph.D. studentUlina Shakya, Ph.D. studentAnshul AgarwalAustin Houk, REUScott Kuhlman, REUMackenzie Lostra, REUDaniel Lizarraga, REUFernando Gastelum, REUPatrick Hughes, REUZiyi Li, REU

The University of Arizona

University of California, San Diego

Lehigh UniversityNazarbayev University

University of Rome

Tipping MarRutherford +

Chekene

Academic collaborators

Seismic Design Consultants

Dr. Jose Restrepo, Co-PIArpit Nema, Ph.D. studentGabriele GuerriniDavid DuckNelson AngelArmita PebdaniSteve Mintz, Ph.D. student

Dr. Richard Sause, Co-PIGeorgios Tsampras,

Ph.D. studentAlronil Pacheco, REU

(San Jose State University)

Dr. Dichuan Zhang

Dr. Giorgio MontiDr. Alessandro Scodeggio

Utterback Middle School

K12 partner

Technical University of Bari

Dr. Beppe MaranoDr. Giuseppe Quaranta

David Mar Joseph MaffeiSaeed Fathali

Joe Maffei Association

Joseph Maffei

Gricelda Meraz

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA29NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 29

Industry Partners: NEESR Shake Table Test

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA30NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 30

Research Team

Research Meeting #3 at R&C Offices

Saeed Fathali

R&C

David Mar T&M

Jose Restrepo

UCSD

Dom Campi R&C

RBF UA

Richard Sause LU Joe

Maffei JMA

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA31NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 31

IFAS Concept

GLRS LFRS

GLRSGLRS

LFRS

LFRS

Anchorage system

Anchorage system

GLRS

LFRS

LFRS

Anchorage system

Anchorage system

Anchorage system

Wind

Anchorage system

Anchorage system

LFRS

LFRS

EQ

Moat

Bracing /

Restoring

Elements

Deformable

Connections

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA32NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 32

IFAS Components

Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB)

Friction Device (FD)

Low Damping

Rubber Bearings (RB)

Polyurethane

Bumper

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA33NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 33

IFAS Prototype

Prototype IFAS SystemGravity load resisting

system (GLRS)

Dampers

Lateral force resisting system (LFRS)

Rubber bearings (RB)Moat

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA34NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 34

IFAS Shake Test Installation

RB LFRS

Floor Slab

LFRS

FD

Clevis

Plates

Floor

Slab

Half-Scale 4-

story Precast

Rocking Shear

Wall Structure

NEES @ UCSD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA35NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 35

IFAS Shake Table Response: NEES@UCSD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA36NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 36

Shake Table Testing: NEES@UCSD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA37NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 37

Shake Table Testing: NEES@UCSD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA38NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 38

Shake Table Test Results: NEES@UCSD

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

5 10 15 20 25R

ota

tio

n (

rad

)Time (s)

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

North WallWest

+qwall

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

5 10 15 20 25

Ro

tati

on

(ra

d)

Time (s)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

Phase I

Phase II

West wallSouth

+qwall

Comparison to Traditional Structure

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA39NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 39

Subassemblage Testing: NEES@Lehigh

LehighTest Specimen

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA40NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 40

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB

Steel Reinforced RB

Floor

Slab

Wall

Stub

NEES Hydraulic

Actuators

BRB

NEES @ Lehigh

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA41NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 41

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA42NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 42

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA43NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 43

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: RB

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA44NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 44

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: FD

Carbon Fiber Reinforced RB

FD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA45NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 45

Full-Scale IFAS Testing: FD

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA46NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 46

Control LVDT

BW_Bumper

BE_Bumper

Slab

Wall

Accelerometer on slab

Accelerometer on wall

Load cell

High speed camera

Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh

Control LVDT

TW_Bumper

BW_Bumper

TE_Bumper

BE_Bumper

Slab

Wall

Web cameraTest specimen

GoPro camera

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA47NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 47

Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA48NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 48

Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA49NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 49

Bumper Test Results: NHERI@Lehigh

Vo = 15 in/s

Vo = 5 in/s

Vo = 1 in/s

Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA50NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 50

Thank You !