Large Engines Competence Center - CIMAC€¦ · 8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 1...
Transcript of Large Engines Competence Center - CIMAC€¦ · 8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 1...
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 1
Large Engines Competence Center
Meeting the Challenges for Tomorrow’s Power GenerationUsing Variable Intake Valve Train for Gas Engines
Jan Zelenka, Claudio HoffMay 5th, 2017
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 2
Gas Grid
The role of the gas engine in power generation
Engine
BiogasBTF
WasteGases
RenewableGases
BFG Natural Gas
Electric Grid
Source:Pirker G., Wimmer A., Sustainable Power Generation with Large Gas Engines, 11th sdewes, 2016
Flare Gas
Fossil ResourcesIndustry
Biomass
NaturalGas
Solar
Wind
H2
MethanationCH4
CO2H2
PowerToGas
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 3
Content• Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines• Variable intake valve timing as a key technology• Summary
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 4
Content• Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines• Variable intake valve timing as a key technology• Summary
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 5
Engine
Gas Grid
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas enginesGas quality issues
BiogasBTF
WasteGases
BFG Natural Gas
Electric Grid
Source:Pirker G., Wimmer A., Sustainable Power Generation with Large Gas Engines, 11th sdewes, 2016
Flare Gas
IndustryBiomass
NaturalGas
H2
MethanationCH4
CO2
Fossil Resources
Solar
Wind
H2
PowerToGas
RenewableGases
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 6
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines
• Harmonization process for European gas grid has started• European Association for the Streamlining of Energy Exchange
• European Standard 16726
Gas quality issues
Parameter Unit min max
Rel. density m³/m³ 0.555 0.700
Wobbe MJ/m³ 48.6 56.9
EN 16726
EASEE Gas
10%v H2Parameter Unit min max
Rel. density m³/m³ 0.555 0.700
MN - 65
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 7
Engine
Gas Grid
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas enginesVolatile renewable energy
BiogasBTF
WasteGases
BFG Natural Gas
Electric Grid
Source:Pirker G., Wimmer A., Sustainable Power Generation with Large Gas Engines, 11th sdewes, 2016
Flare Gas
IndustryBiomass
NaturalGas
H2
MethanationCH4
CO2
Fossil Resources
H2
PowerToGas
RenewableGases
Solar
Wind
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 8
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas enginesVolatile renewable energy – stabilize grid
Source: Energy Matters, Did Portugal run for four days on renewables alone?(http://euanmearns.com/did-portugal-run-for-four-days-on-renewables-alone)
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 9
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines
• ENTSO-E (Type C 1MW < P < 50MW)
• 30 seconds to synchronize to the network
• 10% loading in 4 seconds as spinning reserve
• Stay connected to the network in a frequency band of ±10%
• ISO 8528-5 (Class G3)
• Tolerated frequency drop 15%
• Tolerated voltage drop 15%
• Recovery time 3s
Transient response requirements
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 10
Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines
• Lower emission limits up ahead
Emission limits
TA L
uft
MC
PD
TA L
uft
2017
*
500
250
100
NOxmg/m³ Norm
@ 5% O2
CH4mg/m³ Norm
@ 5% O2
1733
* Proposal
TA L
uft
2017
*
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 11
Content• Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines• Variable intake valve timing as a key technology• Summary
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 12
TDC Crank angle [°CA]
Val
ve li
ft [m
m]
Mech. valvetrainVCM® operation
Variable intake valve timing as a key technologyABB’s Valve Control Management – VCM®
• Electro-hydraulic valve train system
• Variation of timing and lift of the intake valves
Operating principle:
Main components
1. Solenoid valve CLOSED• Valves follow cam profile
2. Solenoid valve OPEN• Oil pressure drops • Springs close the valve
3. Brake ramp• Hydraulic brake reduces
seating velocity
Source:Zelenka J., et al., Variable Intake Valve Train to Optimize the Performance of a Large Bore Gas Engine, ICEF2016-9358, 2016
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 13
Variable intake valve timing as a key technologyABB’s Valve Control Management – VCM®
• Electro-hydraulic valve train system
• Variation of timing and lift of the intake valves
Advantages:
• Cylinder individual control
• Cycle-to-cycle variable adjustment of IVC
• Closes much faster than a mechanical valve train
• Soft landing due to hydraulic brake
Main components
Intake valves Oil chamber
Rocker arm Brake unit Solenoid valve
Pump unit
Push rod
IVC = Intake valve closing (angle)
Source:Zelenka J., et al., Variable Intake Valve Train to Optimize the Performance of a Large Bore Gas Engine, ICEF2016-9358, 2016
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 14
Variable intake valve timing as a key technologyIncreased engine efficiency
∆ 0
.05
∆ 1
∆ 0
.5
early late
∆ 10
IVC [°CA]
Air-
Exc
ess
Rat
io λ
[-]
MFB
50%
[°C
A a
TDC
]
Ind.
Effi
cien
cy [
%]
∆ 1
0
∆ 0
.2
early late
∆ 10
IVC [°CA]
PM
EP
[ba
r]
Vol
. Effi
cien
cy [
%]
Mech. ValvetrainVCMVCM CR+1
Mec
h.
Valv
etra
in
VC
M
+0.7%pts
Eng
ine
Eff.
[%]
Source:Zelenka J., et al., Variable Intake Valve Train to Optimize the Performanceof a Large Bore Gas Engine, ICEF2016-9358, 2016
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 15
Variable intake valve timing as a key technologyIncreased flexibility to boundary conditions
Reduced knock tendency
Different valve timing (compared to mechanical valvetrain) more aggressive Miller
Cooler cylinder charge
Increased knock margin
Changing the engine‘s power control strategy
+25°C MAT or +20 points MN
Increased engine efficiency
Source:Zelenka J., et al., Valve Train Variability on a Large Bore Gas Engine – Increase in Efficiency andExpansion of the Operating Range, 21st Turbocharging Conference, Dresden, 2016
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 16
Throttle Control
VCM
Variable intake valve timing as a key technologyImproved transient response
ISO 8528-5 Class G2
Source:Christen, C., and Codan, E., Engine Control and Performance Enhancement with Variable Valve Train for Gas Engines, 16th Turbocharging Conference, Dresden, 2011
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 17
Content• Challenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines• Variable intake valve timing as a key technology• Summary
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 18
SummaryChallenges for tomorrow‘s gas engines
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 19
SummaryVVT as a key technology
LARGE ENGINES COMPETENCE CENTER © LEC GmbH8th CIMAC Cascades – Helsinki 2017-05-05 Slide 20
Funded by comet
CONTACT:
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Jan Zelenka Area Manager NG & NNG Combustion Email: [email protected]
LEC GmbH Inffeldgasse 19 A-8010 Graz, Austria Phone: +43 (316) 873-30081 Fax: +43 (316) 873-30102 www.lec.at
The K1 competence center LEC EvoLET is funded by "COMET - Competence Centres for Excellent Technologies Programme" of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) and the Provinces of Styria, Tyrol and Vienna for the K1-Centre LEC EvoLET. The COMET Programme is managed by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG).All information contained in this document is the property of LEC GmbH.