Large Eddy Simulations of Clouds and Boundary Layer …Final Presentation 24 July 2015. Motivation...
Transcript of Large Eddy Simulations of Clouds and Boundary Layer …Final Presentation 24 July 2015. Motivation...
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Large Eddy Simulations of Clouds and Boundary Layer Processes
Image courtesy of Bjorn Stevens
Yaosheng Chen, Pennsylvania State UniversityTobias Marke, University of Cologne
Robert Schrom, Pennsylvania State UniversityHee-Jung Yang, University of IllinoisJianhao Zhang, University of Miami
ARM Summer TrainingFinal Presentation
24 July 2015
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Motivation and Outline
• What domains are needed to realistically simulate shallow cumulus?• What are the properties of the simulated cloud field?• What is the sensitivity of observations to cloud field variability?• What is the sensitivity of the boundary layer depth to large-scale and
local (e.g. sensible heat flux) forcings?
• Cloud simulations: Rain in Shallow Cumulus Over the Ocean (RICO; Rauber et al. 2007).
• Model domain experiments• Cloud properties• Synthetic observations
• Boundary layer simulations: SGP observations.
• Boundary layer depth estimation
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1920 m
1920 m
dx (m) nx
20 96
40 48
80 24
160 12
320 6
40 192
7680 m x 7680 m
Dutch Atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation (DALES) model (Heus et al. 2010)
Model domain experiments
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Height (0-3 km)
Cloud fraction
Time (12-24 hrs)
Largest domain
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Highest mean
PDF of wmax
Right-skewed
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Joint PDFs of Cloud fraction and wmax
Implications for comparing LES models with observations (e.g. field of interest, observation time)
Small covariance; small cloud fraction variance
Increased covariance and cloud fraction variance
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Simulated cloud properties
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Development of clouds in the model domain
•Compare 3D cloud properties at different snapshots for the whole modeldomain
8 h 56 h
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Cloud volume and mass
• Important: amount of liquid water describes the available energy
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Cloud volume and mass
• Important: amount of liquid water describes the available energy
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Cloud volume and mass
• Important: amount of liquid water describes the available energy
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Cloud thickness and shape
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Cloud thickness and shape
𝑐ℎ = 𝑐𝑡 − 𝑐𝑏
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Cloud thickness and shape
𝑐ℎ = 𝑐𝑡 − 𝑐𝑏
𝑤 =𝑉𝑐ℎ
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Cloud thickness and shape
𝑐ℎ = 𝑐𝑡 − 𝑐𝑏
𝑤 =𝑉𝑐ℎ
𝑅 =
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Cloud overlap ratio
• Important: interaction with radiation!
𝑅 =
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Cloud overlap ratio
• Important: interaction with radiation!
𝑅 =
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Cloud overlap ratio
• Important: interaction with radiation!
𝑅 =
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Synthetic observations: Motivation
•Combine model output and instrument simulator (forward model) to generate simulated observations
• Provides a more comparable comparison to evaluate model performance
• Test the sensitivity of observations to instrument specifications and sampling strategies
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Measure cloud fraction with ceilometer
Vaisala CL311 Simulated ceilometer
ResolutionBeamwidth: 0.1°
Vertical: 10 mIdeal point
(LES: 25 m by 25 m by 25 m)Pulse
frequencythousands of pulses per
secondAverage interval 2 sec 2 sec as baseline
Reporting interval 16 sec 16 sec
Wavelength 910 nm at 25°C
Sensitivity Could see clouds with LWC as low as 10-7 g m-3, or lower! 10-7 g m-3 as baseline
1. Specification info from DOE/SC-ARM-TR-020; Sensitivity info from Dr. Ewan O'Connor
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Cloud field
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A demo
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A demo
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A demo
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Boundary layer simulations: Model setup
Control Test_1 Test_2
Theta, qv Yes Yes Yes
Surface Flux
Yes Yes 10% Decrease
Large Scale Forcing
Yes No Yes
• Domain: 3840m x 3840m x 4500m
• Resolution: 40m(h), 40m(v)
• Grid points: 96 x 96 x 113
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START
Time stepping
Surface fluxes
advection
Subgriddiffusion & TKE
Large scaleforcings
radiation
microphysics
Boundary condition:
top smoothingGravity wave damping
Periodicity
statistics
Time integration
DALES flowchart,(Heus et al., 2010)
Temp&qv profiles
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Observation data Model input dataData sources Measured
variablesNecessary variables
SONDE T, Td, RH Theta, qv, u, v
SONIC Sensible heat flux [W/m^2]Latent heat flux[W/m^2]
wtsurf[K m/s]wqsurf[kg m/s]
ECMWF reanalysis
Temperature tendency [K/s]Specific humidity tendency [Kg/Kg/s]
ug, vgdqtdtdthlrad
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06/20/20151730 UTC11:30 am
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Theta range [295K : 5K : 325K]
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PBL Height calculation method
• LiuLiang: lowest level of both criteria are met –dtheta/dz > 4K/km–theta_k - theta_1 >= 0.5K
•Heffter: Max dtheta/dz level within 4km
• Bulk Richardson:
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- - - - - - Heffter
- - - - - - Ri Num.
LiuLiang
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Time [LST]2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
PBL
heig
ht [m
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000June 20 2015 DALES PBL height
PBL Liu&LiangPBL HeffterPBL Ric > 0.25PBL Ric > 0.50
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Conclusions
•Choice of model domain depends on:–Computational constraints–Quantities of interest (e.g. cloud fraction, LWC, PBL height)
•Cloud properties (e.g. LWC, volume, overlap ratio) and subsequent interactions with radiation depend on the how the cloud organization is represented by the model•Models allow for:
–estimates of the responses to various forcings to be made–Instrument observational procedures to be tested, provided a valid forward model is available