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ProblemWhere does your code fit?

SolutionUnderstand the Request Lifecycle.

Understanding the RequestLifecycle

You're ready to dig in and start writing Laravel code, but so many things are happening behindthe scenes you aren't sure the best place to begin.

By understanding the Request Lifecycle you'll be able to zero in to exactly where you need tofocus for a given task.

Discussion

The Standard Lifecycle is:

A HTTP Request is Routed to a Controller.The Controller performs specific actions and sends data to a View.The View formats the data appropriately, providing the HTTP Response.

There are many exceptions and variances to the above flow, but this gives you three basicplaces to start.

1. The Routing, in app/routes.php.2. The Controller, in app/controllers/ (or if you're using PSR-0,

app/Project/Controllers/).3. The View, in app/views/.

Some exceptions to the above are:

Routes that return Views or Responses directly, bypassing Controller usage.Filters (in app/filters.php) which can occur before or after the route.Error and Exception handling.Responding to Events.

A deeper understanding of the Request Lifecycle exposes several other places you can writecode.

The entire lifecycle of a request can be broken into three parts: Loading, Booting, and Running.

The Loading Steps

There's three main areas where your application can affect the Loading steps in the RequestLifecycle.

(1) Workbench

Workbenches allow you to develop and debug packages along side your application. SeeCreating a New Package Workbench (/recipes/74).

(2) Environment Detections

Your should modify bootstrap/start.php and add your application's environmentdetections.

See Environment Specific Configurations (/recipes/27) and Detecting the Environment with aClosure (/recipes/28).

(3) Paths

You can modify bootstrap/paths.php to customize your installation. See Changing theStorage Path (/recipes/32).

The Booting Steps

There's 10 different areas your application can affect the Booting steps in the Request Lifecycle.

(1) Configuration

Your application's configuration affects both the Boot process and Running of Laravel. There'san entire section with Recipes in this book on configuration alone.

(2) Service Providers

Any Service Providers you've created or linked into your application are loaded early in the bootprocess. If your service provider is not deferred, its register() method is called at this time.See Creating a Simple Service Provider (/recipes/75).

(3) Registering the start files

Your three application startup files (#8, #9, and #10 below) are registered to be loaded whenthe application's "booted" event occurs.

(4) Handle middleware going down

Since middleware operates like Russian nested dolls, this is the point where the topmiddleware handles the request and calls the next level of middleware, which calls the nextlevel, all the way down to the bottom (which is the application itself).

See Understanding What Middleware Is (/recipes/113).

(5) Booting service providers

Now the boot() method on any non-deferred service providers is called.

(6) Booting callbacks

Any callbacks registered with the App::booting() method are now called. See RegisteringBooting or Booted Callbacks (/recipes/103).

(7) Booted callbacks.

Now that the application is "booted", any registered callbacks registered with App::booted()are called. This includes the callback to load the three application startup files in step #3above. See Registering Booting or Booted Callbacks (/recipes/103).

(8) Your application start script is called.

This is the app/start/globals.php file. This file contains initialization you want yourapplication to always perform before any request is processed. Laravel provides sensibledefaults for Logging, Exception trapping, and Maintenance mode handling. You can modify thisfile and put anything you need to always execute in it, but be sure to keep the inclusion ofapp/filters.php.

(9) app/start/{environment}.php

If you need initialization code to execute only in certain environments, you can place it in thisfile. See Using Environment Specific Start Files (/recipes/29).

(10) app/routes.php

Your application routes. This is one of the most common files you'll edit when setting up theapplication.

The Running Steps

There's ten different areas where your application can affect the Running steps in the RequestLifecycle.

(1) Maintenance Mode

If you have a maintence mode listener registered and the application is in maintenance mode,then your listener is executed. See Registering a Maintenance Mode Handler (/recipes/121).

(2) App "before" filters

If you have any before filters registered with App::before(), they are called. See RegisteringBefore Filters On a Controller (/recipes/41).

(3) Route/Controller "before" filters

If you have any before filters at the route or controller level, they are called.

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Buzzknow amonthago

Greatexplanation,btwihavestrangecondition,itrytoputsomeLog::debug('shutdowncalled')inApp::shutdowncallback,anditscalledtwice,sostrange,doyouhaveanyideawhythisishappen?

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ChuckHeintzelman amonthagoMod Buzzknow

Sorry,offthetopofmyheadIcannotthinkofareason.DoesthishappenwithApp::finish()callbacks?CouldtherebeanerrorgeneratedduringorafteryourApp::shutdown()callbackthatwouldtryshuttingdownagain?Ihaven'ttracedtheexecutiondownatthislevelwithadebuggertoseeifthisisacommonoccurrence.

Buzzknow amonthagoChuckHeintzelman

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(4) The action

Here's where a controller method or a route callback is called to handle the request.

(5) Route/Controller "after" filters

If you have any after filters at the route or controller level, they are called.

(6) App "after" filters.

If you have any after filters registered with App::after(), they are called. See Registering anAfter Application Filter (/recipes/54).

(7) Middleware response handling

This is the point where the middleware stack cascades the Response back up the chain. Anypiece of middleware is free to modify the Response before returning it.

(8) Middleware shutdown

If you've provided any middleware that implements the TerminableInterface, then itsshutdown() method is called.

(9) Finish callbacks

If you have any callbacks registered with App::finish(), they are called.

(10) Shutdown callbacks

Finally, if you have any callbacks registered with App::shutdown(), they are called.

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