Two Styles of Language What are the 2 Styles of Language? Literal Language Figurative Language.
Language Learning Styles and Strategies
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Transcript of Language Learning Styles and Strategies
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Language Learning Styles and Strategies
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Why do we need to know our students learning styles?
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Case study
• Bu Aminah teach a classroom in which the students have varied learning styles. Budi for examples, he learns best when the activity includes practice and experiments. Mona, on the other hands can study only if the explanation is accompanied with visual illustration . Unlike Budi and Mona, Rahmi can learn only if the class is quite and he can fully concentrate on teachers’ explanantion.
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Learning Styles
What are the Learning Styles ? →The general approaches to learning
How many Learning Styles are there? →Four main dimension and many among each
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Learning Styles
Sensory Preferences
Personality Types
Desired Degree of Generality
Biological Differences
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Sensory Preferences
Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic
Tactile
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Visual Preference
• Visual students like to read and obtain a great deal from visual stimulation.
• Stimulations such as words, images, motion pictures and live performances
• Conversation and oral instruction →might be confusing to them
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Auditory Preference
• Comfortable without visual input
• Excited by the classroom interactions in role plays and similar activities.
• However!!! →They sometimes have difficulty with writing
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Kinesthetic and Tactile Preference
• Kinesthetic Tactile • Like lots of movement and enjoy working with
tangible objects, collages and flashcards.
• Instead of sitting still, they prefer walking around the classroom
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Q&A
• What sensory preference do you prefer?
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Personality Types
Extroverted vs. Introverted
Intuitive-Random vs.
Sensing-Sequential
Thinking vs. Feeling
Closure-oriented/Judging vs.
Open/Perceiving
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Extroverted vs. Introverted
• Extroverted →energy from external world. →enjoy interacting with people and making friends• Introverted →energy from internal world →seeking solitude• They can learn to work with the help from
teachers
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Intuitive-Random vs. Sensing-Sequential
• Intuitive-Random → Think in abstract, futuristic, large-scale, and nonsequential ways → Like to creat theories and prefer to guide their own learning
• Sensing-Sequential → Like facts rather than theories → Want guidance and specific instruction from teachers
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How do teachers teach them both?
• To offer variety and choice• Sometimes a highly organized structure for
sensing-sequential learners• At other times multiple options and
enrichment activities for another kind
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Thinking vs. Feeling
• Thinking → Oriented toward the stark truth → Want to be viewed competent and do not give praise
easily• Feeling → Value other people in personal ways → Show empathy and compassion• Thinking learners can help feeling ones tone down
their emotional expression while working together
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Closure-oriented/Judging vs.Open/Perceiving
• Closure-oriented/Judging → Reach judgments or completion quickly → Enjoy being given specific tasks and deadlines → Desire for closure• Open/Perceiving → Take learning less seriously, treating it like a game →Dislike deadlines and like to have a long time soaking
up information by osmosis( 潛移默化 , 耳濡目染 )• They both provide good balance to each other
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Q&A
• What personality type do you think you are?
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Desired Degree of Generality
Global or holistic
Analytic
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Desired Degree of Generality
• Global or holistic → Like socially interaction, communicating events → Feel free to guess from context → Tend to make grammatical mistakes• Analytic → Concentrate on grammatical details → Do not take risks guessing from contexts• They both have much to learn from each others
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Biological Differences
Biorhythms(生物節律 )
Sustenance
Location
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Biorhythms
• Learners have their best time for studying
• Some perform well in the morning; some in the evening…
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Sustenance
• The need for food and drink while learning.
• Quite a number of L2 learners feel very comfortable learning with a candy bar, a cup of coffee or a soda in hand while some tend to be distracted from studying
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Location
• Involves the nature of environment– Temperature– Lighting– Sound– And even the firmness of the chairs
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Learning Strategies
• What are learning strategies? → Specific behaviors or thought processes that learners use to enhance their learning
• How many learning strategies are there? → Six main categories
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About strategies
• A strategy is neither good nor bad
• A strategy is useful if → a. It relates well to the L2 task at hand → b. It fits the particular student’s learning style → c. The student employs it effectively
• Enable students to become more independent, autonomous, lifelong learners.
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Six Main Categories
Cognitive Strategies
Metacognitive Strategies
Memory-related Strategies
Compensatory Strategies
Affective Strategies
Social Strategies
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Cognitive Strategies
• Enable learners to manipulate the language materials
• E.g., through reasoning, analysis, notetaking, summarizing, outlining, reorganizing, etc.
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Metacognitive Strategies
• Identifying one’s own learning style preferences and needs
• Manage the learning process overall.
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Memory-related Strategies
• Help learners to link one L2 item or concept to another, but do not always involve deep understanding
• Enable learners to learn and retrieve information in an orderly string
• Learners need such strategy much less when they become better
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Compensatory Strategies
• Guessing from context in listening and reading• Use synonyms and “talk around” the missing
word to aid speaking and writing• Use gestures or pause words
• Help learners to make up missing words
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Affective Strategies
• Identify one’s mood and anxiety level
• Use deep breathing or positive self-talk
• Students who progress toward proficiency seldom need it
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Social Strategies
• Work with others and understand the target culture as well as the language
• Intensive interaction with people
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Assessing
• Learning Styles → The written survey → Students answer questions that reveal their particular preferences
• Learning Strategies → Self-report, observations, interview, learner journals, etc → the most widely used book→Strategy Inventory for Language Learning
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Thanks for your attention