Language in use.ppt
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Transcript of Language in use.ppt
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Language in UseMarion Durbahn
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A Sample of Language
Words
Phrases
Clauses
Abstract units of linguistic analysis
Sentences
The actual use of language
Text
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What is text?
Denotation
Denotation refers to the literalmeaning of a word, the "dictionary
definition."
Connotation (Refer)
refers to the associations that areconnected to a certain word or theemotional suggestions related to thatword.
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/English_Literature/terms/denotation.htm
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Exercise
Snake
Spider
Mother
Dessert
Jewel
Lazy
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Context can be:
Understood as Physical reality
Psychological reality
Hewings and Hewings (2005) multifaceted nature
of context Local linguistic context or co-text
The wider linguistic context or intextextuality
The local situational context
The wider sociocultural context or socio-political
aspects
Real or imaginary
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Text and Discourse
Utilitarian purpose designedto get things done: notices,labels,
instructions, etc
Or
Social Purpose Give information
Express a point of view
Shape opinion
Provide entertainment
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Exercises
What are the purpose (functions of theseutterances?
1. Its a cold one today. [From one neighbor to
another as they pass by
each other.] 2. Teacher: What is 5 1 2? Student: 7.
3. I pronounce you man and wife. [Said by
minister.]
4. I promise to be there at five. 5. Can you lift a hundred pounds?
6. Can you pass me the salt?
7. Pass me the salt.
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Find the purpose
C: This looks like this is an egg.
M: Ok well this...
Thats exactly what it is!
How did you know?
C: Because it looks like it.
M: Thats what it says,
see look egg, egg.
...Replica of a dinosauregg.
From the oviraptor.
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If I say
The king and queen died
The king died and then the queen died
The king died and then the queen died from grief
The queen died because the king died
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Spoken and Written text
Encondedmeaning
SemanticMeaning
Pragmatic
Purpose
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Textualization Interpretation
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Properties of Texts
Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) sevenconstitutive principles of text
1. Cohesion
2. Coherence
3. Intentionality4. Acceptability
5. Informativity
6. Situationality
7. Intertextuality
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Cohesion
Reference Endophoric Reference
Anaphoric Reference
Cataphoric Reference
Exoforic Reference
Conjunction
Substitution
Ellipsis
Lexical cohesion
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Coherence