LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO DRUGS AND/OR ALCOHOL; IMPACT OF AIDS.
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Transcript of LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO DRUGS AND/OR ALCOHOL; IMPACT OF AIDS.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO
DRUGS AND/OR ALCOHOL; IMPACT OF AIDS
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I. BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS**
• Children with prenatal drug and/or alcohol exposure (PDAE) are a very heterogeneous group
• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy
• The child who has Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FASD, but to a lesser degree
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Statistics:**• FASD is the leading cause of intellectual disability
in the Western world
• It is entirely preventable
• FASD accounts for 1 in every 500-600 births in the U.S.
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• **There are studies linking an average of 1-2 drinks a day during pregnancy to low birthweight, growth abnormalities, and behavioral problems in newborns
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Costs estimated nationally in U.S.:** (this slide is not on the exam)
• $14.9 million for treatment of FAS babies
• $670 million total treatment costs for FAS children under 18
• Lifetime care for ONE child born with FAS is $2.62 million
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**• First trimester of pregnancy--period of
brain growth, organ and limb formation
• Embryo most susceptible to alcohol from weeks#2-8 after conception
• New research: if a woman drinks during the first week after conception, there can be negative effects
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II. PATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTON & SMOKING**
• In one review of data on nearly 15,000 newborns, scientists concluded that a father’s drinking and smoking habits can increase his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to hydrocephalus
• Ongoing exposure to job chemicals can predispose a man’s baby to low birthweight and birth defects
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Smoking and alcohol can damage sperm
• Male smokers double their chances of fathering babies with problems like hydrocephalus
• Recommended: men abstain from smoking, drinking for 5-6 months before ch conceived
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III. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH FASD**
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Olswang, Svensson, & Astley (2011). Observation of classroom social communication of FASD children…Journal
of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 53, 1687-1703.**
• Examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students
• 12 pairs of ch observed in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks
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Olswang et al. (2011) found that:
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Thus, we may need to:
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IV. CHILDREN WITH PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE: INTRODUCTION**
• The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that 5.5% of women use some illicit drug during pregnancy
• Drugs that do the most serious damage to the developing fetus are cocaine, heroin, morphine, and LSD
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Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, 2014:**
• Each year, an estimated 400,000 infants (10-11%) are affected by prenatal alcohol or drug exposure
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Problems in pregnancy…**• For mothers who use cocaine,
this causes her blood vessels to constrict, thus reducing the flow of oxygen and other nutrients to the baby
• The baby is “dealt a small deck”
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V. BEHAVIORS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG-EXPOSED CHILDREN**
• Fewer spontaneous vocalizations from infancy
• Lack of appropriate gestures and words to communicate needs
• Poor visual tracking• Gross and fine motor problems• Decreased awareness of body in space
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• **Indiscriminate attachment to new people• Decreased responsiveness to praise, rewards• Decreased use of gestures and words to
initiate social interactions; poor eye contact• Articulatory-phonological disorders• ***Language difficulties that are not easily
determined by standardized measures***
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**Because of this:
• In assessment, it may be best to informally evaluate these children’s language skills in everyday settings
• These children may not qualify for therapy in the public schools
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VI. SUGGESTIONS FOR INTERVENTION
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Work on pragmatics skills:
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Keep things structured and not overstimulating:
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Remember that these children often do not retain what they
learn, so…
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Also…**
• Help them learn appropriate play skills, especially cooperative play involving other children
• Give physical movement breaks; don’t expect them to sit still for long periods of time
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Lewis et al (2013) Language outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing
Research, 10/13.
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VII. LANGUAGE AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH
HIV/AIDS**• HIV manifests primarily in the central nervous
system
• Children may have chronic OME
• They may also have delays in communication skills
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In addition….
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VIII. SERVICE DELIVERY**
• One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged hospitalization
• Language stimulation is minimal
• Thus, we can provide early language stimulation programs, working with the family
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We can specifically work on: