Language Arts and Reading Terms: Genre, Story Elements, Figurative Language

Reading Terms

1. Get ready with a pen(cil). 2. Decide how you learn best: 3-column notes? Index cards?

If you are using 3-column notes:

Label your paper: Name, Period, Date, Rdg. terms PP

Divide your paper into 3 columns and label them:TermMeaningApplication

If you are using index cards:

Be prepared each day with a pack of index cards

Use one card for each termWrite the term on the front Write the meaning and application on the

back

Let’s get started!

genre

Types of literature

Application: Name at least 3 different types of literary genres.

genre, kids

http://vimeo.com/31332643

genre: fiction

Fiction is made up, a story that is not real

Application: What is the genre called if the fiction story is very realistic?

genre: nonfiction

Nonfiction is real, true information

Application: What are at least 3 features of nonfiction?

genre: biography

Biography is a story about someone’s life written by someone else

Application: Which of the following is a biography? Explain your answer.

a. Tebow Tough by Parker G. Ville

b. Through My Eyes by Tim Tebow

genre: autobiography

A story written about someone’s life that they write themselves

May be written with an editor

Application: Write a title and the author of your own autobiography.

genre: fable

Fables are stories that teach a lesson, often uses animals

Application: Think of the story, “The Boy Who Cried Wolf.” What lesson does this story teach?

genre: folktale

Folktales are stories told orally and passed down for generations. The original authors are unknown.

character

An imaginary person/animal/thing in a work of fiction

Application:

Write your favorite book character.

setting

Where AND when the story takes place

Application:

Write the setting of the book you are currently reading.

plot

The related events in a storyThe beginning, middle, and end

Application: Construct a plot diagram.

plot diagram

exposition

rising action

climax

falling action

resolution

resolution

How the conflicts are solved in a story and how it ends

Application:

What happens during the resolution of ‘Cinderella?’

climax

The most exciting part of a storyThe point of greatest tension

Application:

What is the climax of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears?’

suspense

Not knowing what is going to happen next

Application: Which movie genre(s) do you think would have a lot of suspense? (Ex: Comedy? Adventure? Drama? Horror?

conflict

The problem in a storyThere are 4 main types of conflicts

Application:

Can you list the 4 main types of conflicts?

A character versus…

1. 3.

2. 4.

Types of conflicts

Write down the four types of conflicts you see in the following video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsfLxsx8lQI&feature=related

internal conflict

A character(s) is dealing with a problem internally, or with their own emotions

Application: Choose a picture and write what the internal conflict could be

external conflict

A character(s) deals with a problem that is outside of their emotions

point of view

The perspective a story is told from

Application:

Can you list the 3 main types of POV?

point of views

The 3 main points of view are…

1. 1st person – uses I, we, us, our

2. 3rd person – uses he, she, they, them

3. 3rd person omniscient – same as above except the narration is ‘all-knowing’ and as a reader we know their thoughts and feelings

POV Application:

For each of the following excerpts, write:

1 = 1st person POV

3 = 3rd person POV

3O = 3rd person omniscient

1=1st 3=3rd 3O=3rd omniscient

I walked into the dark, cold house. I couldn’t believe this is where my family and I lived for so long. It was now so empty and lonely.

Harper was so happy Brett was finally home to give her a bone. ‘Feed me, feed me, feed me!’ thought Harper.


Houston got his bike out of the garage and started down the driveway. The birds chirped and a light warm breeze blew down the street.

Jasper couldn’t believe he had failed the test. He had stayed up all night studying! ‘My dad is going to kill me,’ he thought to himself.


“I hope I meet some friends today,” Jack

thought as he walked into the new

school.

The teacher sat at her desk grading papers while the students worked on a science fair project. One girl walked over to sharpen her pencil.

theme

Theme is the overall lesson that you learn from a story.

Themes DO NOT have character names in them and can be applied to many stories.

Applications continued on next two slides.

Application: theme

Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Three Little Pigs?”

a. The pig who made his house of brick was the smartest

b. Hard work and planning always pays off

c. Wolves are mean and scary animals

Application: theme

Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Tortoise and the Hare?”

a. Persistence wins in the end

b. Those who boast and brag will never win

c. Turtles can beat rabbits sometimes

foreshadowing

Little hints that predict what is going to happen next

Application: Did anyone see Mission Impossible 4 over the break? (Class discussion)

flashback

When the present setting of the story goes back to tell about something that happened in the past

Application: Here is a mnemonic device to help you remember flashback:

When a story FLASHES BACK

to the past

dialogue

Conversation in textUse of “quotation marks”

Application: Write an example of dialogue between you and someone else.

dialect

A particular way of speaking depending on where someone is from or their culture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZUsDGvfRao

author’s purpose

The reason an author writes something

Application: What does P.I.E.S. stand for?

author’s purpose cont…

P= persuadeI= informE= entertainS= share feelings

Application: on the following slide, write if the author’s purpose is to persuade, inform, entertain, or share feelings

author’s purpose cont…

A newspaper editorial about why you should vote republican

A comic bookA book reportA journal entryAn advertisement selling a bicycleA newspaper article“Diary of a Wimpy Kid”

tone and mood

Tone- the way an author feels about his/her subject

Mood- the way a piece of writing makes the reader feel

Application: BrainPop

main idea

The most important message the author is trying to convey

Application: A mnemonic device for remembering main idea is M.I.

Main Idea = Most Important

compare and contrast

Compare = similar

Contrast = differences

Application: Use a Venn diagram to compare/contrast elementary and middle schools. Elementary Middle

both

denotation and connotation

Denotation = Dictionary Definition

Connotation = emotional meaning

Application: Which word in ( ) has a more positive connotation? What is the denotation of both words?

The present I bought for my grandmother was (inexpensive, cheap).

free verse poetry

Does not rhyme or follow any rules

Application: A mnemonic device for

FREE verse poetry is that you are FREE to

write whatever you wish!

rhyme scheme

The pattern of rhyme that a poem hasUses the last word of each line First line of the poem is always given an

“a.” If another word rhymes with that word, it gets an “a.” If not, go to the next letter in the alphabet

Application: On the next slide, write the rhyme scheme of the poem

rhyme scheme cont…

I could not, would not, on a boat.

I will not, will not, with a goat.

I will not eat them in the rain.

I will not eat them on a train.

Not in the dark! Not in a tree!

Not in a car! You let me be!

I do not like them in a box.

I do not like them with a fox.

I will not eat them in a house.

I will not eat them with a mouse.-from Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Suess

stanza

A group of lines in a poem

Application: You can immediately see the number of stanzas in a poem just by looking. How many stanzas are in the poem on the next slide?

Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas

Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they

Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,


Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,


Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,


And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.

Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light.


More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas








More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas







ABA

ABA

ABA

imagery

Writing that appeals to your sensesImagery helps the reader know what

something looks like, feels like, smells like, tastes like, or sounds like

Application: IMAGEry helps you make an IMAGE in your mind

symbolism

When something stands on its own but also stands for something else

A writing technique that makes an author sound like they are writing about one thing when they actually mean something else

Application: Read the poem on the next slide. Is it really only about walking in the woods?

Application: symbolismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie2Mspukx14&feature=related

The Road Not Taken

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

-Robert Frost

More practice: How many stanzas does this poem have?

alliteration

Repeating the same beginning sound Tongue twisters often use alliteration

Sally sold seashells by the seashorePeter Piper picked a peck of pickled

peppers

Application: Write a sentence about your name using alliteration

onomatopoeia

Words that SHOW soundNot to be confused with words that

MAKE soundShows sound Makes sound

BOOM! FALL

TWEET SING

WOOF! BARK

Application: Write 2 onomatopoeias you could

hear at the park

PERSONification

Making an object seem like a PERSON by giving it humanlike qualities

Application: Choose an object and a humanlike quality and write an example of personification (next slide)

personification cont…

Objects: tree

chair

clock

Humanlike qualities: moan

race

reach

hyperbole

An extreme exaggeration, something that is very unlikely to happen

Application: Finish these hyperboles…

- She was so angry she ____

- He was so excited that he ____

- The baby was so tired ____

idioms

Figures of speech that do not mean what they literally say

Application: What do these common idioms really mean?

-born with a silver spoon in his mouth

-the cook was short-handed

-I live in a hole in the wall

irony

The opposite of what you expect

Application: Isn’t it Ironic? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x93oAM12wgk

What do you expect to happen when:

-you win the lottery?

-you get a pardon from death row?

-you have a wedding day?

similes and metaphors

similes= compare two unlike things using “like” or “as”

metaphors= compares two unlike things without “like” or “as”

Application: http://vimeo.com/16747575

Now, why did you just sit through these 60 PowerPoint slides?

a.Ms. Smith hates you

b.Your success in life depends on memorizing these terms

c.Ms. Smith loves you and wants you to appreciate literature and do well in your

Language Arts classes by knowing these terms.

The correct answer is C

So, the next step is to look over your notes each night and feel confident the day of your exam!

Whooo Hoooo!

You’re done!

I bet you’re tickled pink now that this PowerPoint is over.

Well, almost. What two reading terms did I just use in this slide???

Language Arts and Reading Terms: Genre, Story Elements, Figurative Language

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Transcript of Language Arts and Reading Terms: Genre, Story Elements, Figurative Language