Language Arts 1st Semester

Test Review

IDEAS: “Show vs. Tell”Be able to use this in your writing and also be

able to determine if an author does this effectively.

“Jimmy was scared.”----------------------------------------------------------------Other Terms:Using “sensory detail”: (5 senses, Kiss writing)

“Imagery” Showing what a seen looks like, vivid description

OrganizationTypes:

Chronological (Order of Sequence/Time)

Order of Importance (1st reasonmost important reason)

Spatial (Appearance such as top to bottom)

Compare/Contrast (Similarities & Differences)

Voice

Figurative LanguagePersonification: The wind whistled in my ear.Onomatopoeia: Crash! Boom!Exaggeration: We waited a year in line.Metaphor: The ride was a raging beast.Simile: I turned as red as a tomato.

He was like a bull in a china shop.

Voice

I ADDWriter’s will use these devices to add more feeling:Inner Thoughts “Will I make it?”Action “I flew out of my seat and ….”Dialogue “Don’t leave me!” he screamed.Description Gleaming in the blinding light, the wrinkled foil wrapper…

Voice: Strong Leads

Interest Grabbing OpeningsQuestionBold StatementDescriptionDialogueOnomatopoeia

Sentence Fluency“The puppy went to his

food.”Participial Phrase (ing)Scrambling through the kitchen, the puppy darted towards his bowl.Adverb (ly)Excitedly, the puppy bounded towards his food bowl.AdjectiveEager and frantic, the puppy raced towards his food.

Sentence FluencyAppositiveThe puppy, a furry rocket, raced towards his food bowl.Prepositional PhraseWith delight the puppy…Through the kitchen…AAAWWUBISAs Mom placed the dish on the floor, the puppy…When he spotted his red food bowl, he..

Punctuation

Commas after introductory phrases: ing, AAAWWUBIS

Opening the door slowly, I peered into the room.

Grinning happily, the toddler colored on the wallpaper.

If you had showered, I might have gone out with you.

When you pick your nose, I feel nauseous.

As we approached the haunted house, our teeth began to chatter.

Punctuation

Use a comma and a conjunction to join sentences, so they aren’t run-ons.

I would love to come to your birthday party, but I have to wash my hair.

I am getting another cat, and I’m going to name him Stanley.

Punctuation“Dialogue”

“Go to your room.” demanded Mom. (no)“Go to your room!” demanded Mom. (ok)“Go to your room,” demanded Mom. (ok)

“I wonder,” thought Sam, “if I should ask her to dance?”Nick asked, “When is lunch?”

Grammar: NOUNS

People, Place, Thing, IdeaFrank sells frisbees in Fiji with frenzy.Jane sells jams in Juneau with joy.Used in appositives:The kindergarteners, a herd of monkeys, scampered to the playground.The substitute, an evil villain, scribbled furiously on detention forms.

Pronouns

Take the place of nouns for fluency.

Personal: I, me, my, you, he, she, theyDemonstrative: this, that, these, thoseInterrogative: What, which, who, whose, whom,Indefinite: Some, any, no one, all, everyone, somebody, many, few

Adjectives

Describe nouns.(Wanted writings, Kiss paper)

What kind? Blue, furry mold…How many? A thousand pencilsDog: shaggy, furry, cute, old, sleepy

Conjunctions

Join words, phrases, sentences.For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

I have to go to cheerleading tonight, and I have to study for a math test.I have to babysit, but I would rather go to the movies with my friends.

Interjections

Show excitement or emotionPunctuated with a , when the feeling is not as strong and a ! when it is.Wow!Yes, I will go with you.Ouch!Please, give me a hand.

Reading:Literary Terms

SettingCharacterizationPlot: rising action, climax, falling action, resolutionConflictTheme

Pre-Reading Strategies

Look at the titleLook at the picturesRead about the authorCheck out the vocabularyRead any summaries includedRead the questions first

Genre: Type of Literature

Personal Narrative: A personal storyScience Fiction: Involves space, technology, time travel, scientific discovery.Fantasy:Animals having human qualities, characters with special powers, imaginary beings, good vs. evil conflict.Drama: Literature brought to life by characters on stage using dialogue, speaking parts, props, etc. Often 2 acts.

Author’s Purpose

PersuadeInformEntertainDescribe

Using Context Clues

If that insubordinate student mouths off one more time, I will give him a detention!After taking cooking classes, I became a proficient chef.The vigilant guards paced back in forth in front of the fort.

Making Inferences

Use what the character says, does, and thinks to draw inferences about him/her.Scrooge: “They owe me money and I will collect!”Scrooge in his counting house on Christmas Eve.What can you infer?