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Avicennia germinans
The black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), is a species of flowering plant in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae.[2] It grows in tropicaland subtropical regions of the Americas, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and on the Atlantic coast of tropical Africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores that seawater reaches. It can reach 10–15 m (33–49 ft) in height, although it is a small shrub in cooler regions of its range. The seeds germinate in midsummer, but may be seen all year on the trees.
Bursera simaruba
• Bursera simaruba, commonly known as gumbo-limbo, copperwood, chaca, and turpentine tree, is a tree species in the family Burseraceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas from the southeastern most United States (southern Florida) south through Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil and Venezuela.Bursera simaruba is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 30 meters tall, with a diameter of one meter or less at 1.5 meters above ground. The bark is shiny dark red, the leaves are spirally arranged and pinnate with 7-11 leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate, 4–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad.
• The tree yields some ripe fruit year-round, but the main fruiting season is March and April in the northern part of the plant's range. The fruit is a small three-valved capsule encasing a single seed which is covered in a red fatty aril (seedcoat) of 5–6 mm diameter
Delonix regia
• Delonix regia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of flowers. In many tropical parts of the world it is grown as an ornamental tree and in English it is given the nameRoyal Poinciana or Flamboyant. It is also one of several trees known as Flame tree.
• In India it is known as Gulmohar in Hindi.
• In the wild it is endangered, but it is widely cultivated elsewhere. In addition to its ornamental value, it is also a useful shade tree in tropical conditions, because it usually grows to a modest height (mostly 5 meters, but it can reach an maximum height of 12 meters) but spreads widely, and its dense foliage provides full shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its leaves during the drought, but in other areas it is virtually evergreen. Flowers appear in corymbs along and at the ends of branches. Pods are green and flaccid when young and turn dark-brown and woody.[4]
• The flowers are large, with four spreading scarlet or orange-red petals up to 8 cm long, and a fifth upright petal called the standard, which is slightly larger and spotted with yellow and white. The naturally occurring variety flavida (Bengali: Radhachura) has yellow flowers.[3] Seed pods are dark brown and can be up to 60 cm long and 5 cm wide; the individual seeds, however, are small, weighing around 0.4 g on average. The compound leaves have a feathery appearance and are a characteristic light, bright green. They are doubly pinnate: Each leaf is 30–50 cm long and has 20 to 40 pairs of primary leaflets or pinnae on it, and each of these is further divided into 10-20 pairs of secondary leaflets or pinnules.
Carpentaria
• Carpentaria acuminata (Carpentaria Palm), the sole species in the genus Carpentaria, is a palm native to tropical coastal regions in the north of Northern Territory, Australia.
• It is a slender palm, growing to 20 m tall in the garden situation, with a trunk 12-15 cm diameter. The leaves are pinnate, 3-4 m long. However, in its natural rainforest location such as at Fogg Dam Monsoon Forest 70 km east of Darwin, specimens often exceed 30 metres in height. It is a popular ornamental plant in northern Australia, valued for its rapid growth and very elegant foliage.
• . From the time of the Greek Cross Design it is clear that Wren favoured a continuous coloaround
• the drum of the dome, rather than the arrangement of alternating windows and projecting columns that Michelangelo had use
• Above the peristyle rises the second stage surrounded by a balustraded balcony called the "Stone Gallery". d nnade
This attic stage is ornamented with alternating pilasters and rectangular windows which are set just below the cornice, creating a sense of lightness
The total weight of the lantern is about 850 tons.[70]
West front[edit] paired columns
The remarkable feature here is that the lower storey of this portico extends to the full width of the aisles, while the upper section defines the nave that lies behind it. The gaps between the upper stage of the portico and the towers on either side are bridged by a narrow section of wall with an arch-topped window
The transepts each have a semi-circular entrance portico
WALLS…..The building is of two storeys of ashlar masonry, above a basement, and surrounded by a balustrade above the upper cornice
. The height from ground level to the top of the parapet is approximately 110 feet
The choir, looking towards the naveInterior[edit]Internally, St Paul's has a nave and choir each of three bays. The entrance from the west portico is through a square domed narthex, flanked on either side by chapels: the Chapel of St Dunstan to the
The cathedral is some 574 feet (175 m) in length (including the portico of the Great West Door), of which 223 feet (68 m) is the nave and 167 feet (51 m) is the choir. The width of the nave is 121 feet (37 m) and across the transepts is 246 feet (75 m).[76] The cathedral is thus slightly shorter but somewhat wider than Old St Paul's.
Dome[edit]
The interior of the dome showing how Thornhill's painting continues an illusion of the real architectural features.
This view of an arch spanning the aisle shows how Wren succeeded in giving an impression of eight equal arches.
The dome is supported on pendentives rising between eight arches spanning the nave, choir, transepts, and aisles. The eight piers that carry them are not evenly spaced.
Above the keystones of the arches, at 99 feet (30 m) above the floor and 112 feet (34 m) wide, runs a cornice which supports the Whispering Gallery
. It is reached by 259 steps from ground level.
. the dome rises above a gilded cornice at 173 feet (53 m) to a height of 214 feet (65 m)
Artworks, tombs and memorials[edit]
The south choir organSt Paul's at the time of its completion, was adorned by sculpture in stone and wood, most notably that of Grinling Gibbons, by the paintings in the dome