Landscapes of world

8/14/2019 Landscapes of world

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Landscapes of the world

Importance for tourism


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Contents

The concept of landscapes

Preferences of tourists

Images of landscapes

Film tourism and landscapes

Wildlife tourism Landscapes under threat

Future of changing landscapes


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Landscapes

The word landscape is from the Dutch

landschap meaning a sheaf, a patch of

cultivated ground

Landscape = cultivated = not wilderness?

From landscape art to tourist gaze

Other scapes: seascapes, riverscapes,

cityscapes, etc.


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What forms a landscape?

Landform and

geology

Natural vegetation

and animals

Presence of

man


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From cultural to natural

landscapes

NaturalCultural

WildernessUrban/cityscapes Rural

Human interventionhigh low
http://www.tanzaniasports.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/kilimanjaro-mlima.jpg


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Wilderness

Wilderness is generallydefined as a naturalenvironment on Earth that has

not been significantlymodified by human activity.

Wilderness is deeply valuedfor cultural, spiritual, moral,

and aesthetic reasons. How much of Earths surfaceis still wilderness?

46%


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From wilderness to National Parks

First protection of wilderness: English Kings,

to protect hunting grounds

Urbanisation & industrialisation: more value

for nature protection

First National Park: Yellowstone, 1872 USA

Conservation versus protection: Proper use

of nature versus protection of nature from

use


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What is an attractive landscape?

Enlightment: back to nature, what was seen

as beautiful (art)

Global dominance of Northern Europe:

exported aesthetic inscriptions

UNESCO: universal ideas about what is

beautiful


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Art, landscapes and tourism


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What landscapes do tourists prefer?

Nature, forest, varied landscape

Wild landscapes with mountains

and water

High relief differences

Landscapes with a special value

(by art, film, TV)

Heritage landscapes

Landscapes with animals


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Worlds most popular landscapes

Great Barrier Reef

Mount Everest

Victoria Falls, Zambia/Zimbabwe

Angel Falls, Venezuela

Niagara Falls, USA/Canada

Northern Lights Amazon river and rainforest


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Status of landscapes

Important aspect in tourism: being seen in(famous) landscape

Doing, being active, being part of it

Visitors seek to own landscape


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Experiencing famous landscapes


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Landscapes are cultural

constructions Images of landscapes attract tourists

A landscape is a cultural construction Artistic representations, films, TV

programmes, media exposure of landscapes

generate tourism

A landscape destination is created for

tourism consumption


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Film & TV tourism

Places, and images of places, are fundamental in

tourism

Experiencing a film is going into a fantasy world Going on holiday, tourists also enter a world between

imagined and real culture and places being visited

Successfull film can lead to increased visitor numbers

Marketing can change visitor profile


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Experience of film tourists

Film tourists consume familiar signs and

symbols in film

Real landscape is covered with several new

layers of meaning for the consumption of film

tourists

Re-enacting parts of the film


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Film locations boost UK tourism

British tourism has enjoyed a huge boostfrom a rise in visits to film and TV show

locations, says a report.

Film and tourism bodies identified increased

visits to the settings of productionsincluding The Da Vinci Code and GosfordPark and TV's Balamory.


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Film locations: Tobermory

Isle of Mull, Tobermory: location for pre-school childrens TV programme Balamory

The village of Tobermory experienced a 40per cent rise in visitors - an increase of160,000. The series is thought to be

contributing 5 million a year to the localeconomy.


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Balamory orTobermory


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http://www.bugbog.com/gallery/south_africa_pictures/south_africa_pictures.html


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http://www.bugbog.com/gallery/south_africa_pictures/south_africa_pictures.html


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Wildlife tourism

Worldwide, the wildlife tourism industry isincreasing by up to 12% year on year

(November 2007) For instance in Scotland alone there are between250 and 300 wildlife tourism operators.

Offering everything from whale and dolphinspotting to bushcraft and farm projects, theygenerate around 200m a year for the Scottisheconomy.


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Popular wildlife destinations

National Parks Africa

Nature reserves India

Great Barrier Reef &

Outback, Australia Sahara, Africa

Canadian Rockies, Canada

Alaska, USA

Amazon, South America

Galapolos Islands,

Ecuador Grand Canyon, USA

Hawaii, USA


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Climate change

Global Warming is accelerating

Expected global average temperature

expected to increase between 1.4 and 5.8degrees this century

Increase in rainfall 3-10% by 2050

Increase in droughts

4-10 cm increase in sealevel per decade


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Effect on tourism in Alpes

Shorter skiing season

Greater demand for higher altitude skiing

resorts

Extended season for non-skiing activities

Less demand for skiing?


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Effect on tropical islands

Tropical islands

Sea level rises are critical

Storm frequency increasing

Coral bleaching

Reef damaging

New tropical diseases


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Melting glacier Kilimanjaro

Estimated to be gone by 2012


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Mount Kilimanjaro

The tallest mountain of Africa lost 82% of

its ice cover in the last 80 years

Africas two highest mountains MountKilimanjaro and Mount Kenya will lose

their ice cover within 25 to 50 years if

deforestation and carbon emissions are notstopped, says the United Nations

Environment Program.

Less water => droughts


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European Union policy

on climate change Climate change is already happening and

represents one of the greatest environmental,

social and economic threats facing the planet. TheEuropean Union is committed to working

constructively for a global agreement to control

climate change, and is leading the way by taking

ambitious action of its own. Expected water battles, for instance between

agriculture and tourism


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Protection of landscapes

No attractive environment = no tourism

The environment is the foundation of

tourism industry

Tourism requires the protection of the

scenic and historical heritage of

destination areas.


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Protection of wildlife

Example: Polar Bears: Protected, but Not Safe!

In May 2008, the Bush Administration listed the polar

bear as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act(ESA).

Is it too late? Arctic sea ice is receding, and scientificstudies by the U.S. Geological Service (USGS) estimated

some 30% decline in sea ice by mid-century.

A study by the USGS projected a two-thirds decline inthe world's polar bear population currently standing atup to 25,000 by 2050.


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How could landscapes be protected?

United Nations and International Union for

Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources (IUCN) World Heritage Sites (1972)

National Parks

Protected landscapes

International National Parks


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What can we do?

Carbon emmissions: renewable energy

Creative and new ideas for tourism

Small steps make great contribution Turn credit crisis into positive movement

Examples: improve cycling possibilities (=

cheaper means of transport), invest in solarpowered transportation


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Future of world landscapes Environment is prime resource for tourism

Threats by tourism development, climate

change and increased scarcity of resources

Protection and conservation is mission for

tourism industry

Challenges for the future

Landscapes of world

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