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LANDM INES DETECTION USING

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

(GPR)

By:- Ravi KumarF inal year , ECE

A Seminar

On

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OutlineThe problem of landmines

Current detection methods

Ground penetrating radar

Block diagram of GPR

Working of GPR

Drawbacks

Conclusion

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The Problem:Land mines and UXO

There are nearly 50 million unexploded

land mines in 60 countries around the

world.These land mines kill and maim

approximately 26,000 people annually.

Large portions of land go unuseddue to fear of mines.

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United Nations relief operations are made

more difficult and dangerous due to mining ofroads.

Modern mines can be constructed with

plastics and composites.The low metal content of mines makes

detection extremely difficult.

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Current Detection Methods:

Metal detectors--- capable of finding even

low-metal content mines in mineralized soils.

Nuclear magnetic resonance, fast neutronactivation and thermal neutron activation.

Thermal imaging and electro-optical sensors

detect evidence of buried objects.

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Biological sensors such as dogs, pigs, bees

and birds.

Chemical sensors such as thermal

fluorescence--- detect airborne and waterborne

presence of explosive vapors.

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GPR : Ground penetrating radar

The impulse GPR system has been developedin the International Research Center forTelecommunications-transmission and Radar

(IRCTR). Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an ultra

wide band radar which provides centimeterresolution to locate even small targets.

There are two distinct types of GPR, time-domain and frequency domain.

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Time domain or impulse GPR transmits

discrete pulses of nanosecond duration and

digitizes the returns at GHz sample rates.

Frequency domain GPR systems transmit

single frequencies and the amplitude and

phase of the return signal is measured. Theresulting data is converted to the time domain.

These techniques allow GPR to locate even

non metallic mines.

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Basic Components

Impulse GPR system comprises of

Impulse generator

Transmitter Receiver

Pulse extender

A/D converter Processor

Visual display.

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WORKING:

The impulse generator produces 0.8nsmonocycle pulses.

The generator spectrum covers a wide

frequency band from 500MHz till 2GHz on3dB level.

Pulses are transmitted by the Tx antenna into

the ground. After striking the mine, pulses return and are

received by the Rx antenna.

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GPR images the dielectric properties of thesoils, and any discontinuities appear as anerror signal.

Thus false alarms are easily generated fromthe background itself .

To overcome the problem Automatic target

recognition (ATR) algorithms are employedby impulse-based GPR systems typicallycalculate and remove background.

DRAWBACKS

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It tries to detect the hyperbolic signatures that

are characteristic in size and shape oflandmine targets in GEO-CENTERS 400.

The sensor such as GPR is larger and heavier.

GPR is more power hungry.

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DEPLOYMENT PLATFORM

Technological development for land

mine detection tends to be a vehicular basedsystem. This vehicular based

system is shown below

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CONCLUSION

Impulse GPR system is used for detecting

anti-tank and antipersonnel mines.

Through iterative design, build test cycles, and

blind and scored testing at Army mine lanes,

steady progress is being made.

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Queries ?

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THANK YOU