Land use conflicts and projects related to Landless Workers' Movement (MST) in Brazil
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Transcript of Land use conflicts and projects related to Landless Workers' Movement (MST) in Brazil
GOOD AFTERNOON
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BIODIVERSITY
PUBLIC POLICIES
Challenges and conflicts
Building the concept of development...
Progress
Growth Sustainable Development
Ecological Development
LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS
From a STATIC point of view, it leads to the
idea of efficiency
From a DYNAMIC point of view, to innovation that
increases efficiency Furtado, 1981
green economy
O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (2013/07/16)
• Es
Rural development – LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS
BACKGROUND
• Rural v Urban relationship
• Agricultural evolution
• Several Green Revolutions
EXTERNAL FACTORS
* Concentration of land ownership and income
* Monoculture
* Discrimination and social exclusion
* Class struggle
* Market model
* Industrial corporations have taken command
* Systemic degradation
(social – environmental)
NEW SIGNIFICANCE
• Private space vs Public space
• Production vs Conservation
• Multifunctional (farming and landscape)
• GREEN ECONOMY.....
Diffusionist methodology Research is popularizing unsuitable technologies
Development of professionals who are acritical regarding the model – UNIVERSITIES...
The dominant power in the countryside
Development Sustainability
Rural Development
Biodiversity
Social
Cultural
Environmental
Sustainability (Utopia)
• Social
• Economic
• Cultural
• Political
• Ethical
• Ecological-Environmental
More than 200 definitions !!
New rural significance and attributes
Multifuncional
Agribusiness
Commodities
Sustainability
Agricultural Biodiversity Ecological Economy
Sovereignty / nutritional security
Legislation
Family Farming
Land Agroecosystems
Ecosystem Services
Violence
Biotechnology
Agroecology
Agrarian Reform
ETC
Public Space
Private Space
Green Economy
Figure : (adapted from PLOEG, 2008).
agriculture according to Rural Logic
(variety of forms)
agriculture according to Capitalist Logic
agriculture according to Business Logic
Conceptual framework – Looking for simplification!
NO NEED FOR A PHYSICAL PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIFIC PRODUCTION UNIT OR
ACTIVITY
AGROECOSYSTEM WITH UNIT OF ANALYSIS
IMPÉRIOS ALIMENTARES E OUTROS DISTINCT UNITS OF ANALYSIS
State Society Biodiversity
Brazilian
Biomes
Brazilian social ‘mega’ diversity
More than 200 different indigenous peoples
Traditional peoples and communities occupy roughly 1/3 of Brazil’s territory
Micro-economy based on
forest products
Knowledge and practices relating to biodiversity management
Crianças kaxinawás, Feijó, Acre
Conflicts, degradation and social exclusion
“Public Policies”
DEVELOPMENT MODELS / POLICIES
DEVELOPMENT vs
Social and Environmental Issues
Conservation vs Preservation vs Development
A challenge to society !!! For the first time in Brazil..a public debate ...
Examples
Action
Projects
Policies...
Development plus Biodiversity:
Research and outreach at Rural settlements in the Vale do Ribeira –
São Paulo state
Management... Is it sustainable ?
Respect, Manage and Coexist with the regional biodiversity
Jaguar footprint at the Apiaí settlement Fruit of the Bromelia pinguin, used to make a medicinal syrup.
Farmers participating in the surveying of the biodiversity at the Apiaí settlement – training / skill building / participative planning
Agroecological tomato production
Biological pest control – bait (Tajujá)
Pontal do Paranapanema- SP
State of São Paulo
Settlement, Santa Zélia, 2010
'''
Bioenergy plus Biodiversity and Nutritional Security
A. hassleri
A. emensis
A. aculeata
A. glaucescens
A. totai
Source: L.H.C.Berton Source : L.H.C.Berton
Source : L.H.C.Berton
Source : H.Lorenzi
Source : H.Lorenzi Source : H.Lorenzi
Lorenzi, 2010
A. intumescens
36
Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata)
- Native, rustic and abundant
- Longevity: about 100 years
- Starts to produce after 3 to 4 years
- Oil has excellent physical and chemical characteristics
- Multiple uses: 2 types of oil, 2 types of cake, activated charcoal, integration
- with livestock and crop farming, agroforestry systems
- Plantation density: 120 to 400 plants/ha
- Considerable research efforts and growth in commercial initiatives ;
- High productivity: 30 t. of biomass/ha and up to 4 t. of oil/ha
- SOYBEANS - 550 KG/HA OF OIL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Bioenergy
(AMBIENTE, 2005)
(CESAR, 2003)
Soybean
420 kg.ha.year-1 Sunflower
890 kg.ha. year-1 Castor bean
1,320 kg.ha. year-1
Macaw palm (average)
4,966 kg.ha. year-1
Estimates of biodiesel production/ha
(Berton et al.)
10,926 kg.ha.year-1
In 2,480 fruit, the individual mass varied from 14.8 to 63.6 g
39
S. Motoike
Sustainable Rural Landscapes
Production plus Conservation: Family farming adhering to agrobiodiversity in the far south region
of Bahia state
Others....
Regional Context
Technology, Wealth and Poverty ! In an essentially rural region..
0 to 6 years
6th / 8th year
Diagnóstico de conflitos sócio-ambientais em relação à plantações de árvores; Coord. Anna Fanzeres Relatório Final; Março 2005 www.ufrrj.br/institutos/if/lmbh
Reactions in the past...
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BIODIVERSE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
What is Agroforestry?
Subsistence (nutritional security)
Generation of monthly income
Living savings
(forest products) Community Investments
Restoration and Environmental Adaptation
RL + APP + Landscape
Aiii Guri..
Cocoa plantation as a theoretical and methodological reference
Thank You