Land Markets Development for Cities Growth in Africa

Dr. Wilfred K. Anim-Odame, FGhIS, MRICS

Chief Executive Officer, Ghana Lands Commission

Dr. Wilfred K. Anim-Odame

Executive Secretary Wednesday 03 February’16

Presentation at IGC Week LONDON: Land and Infrastructure June 1 – 3, 2016

How will African Cities look like in 100 years?

How will African Cities look like in 100 years?

Agenda

“Modern” Cities growth as a product of:

1. Sustainable land administration;

2. Participatory land use planning; and

3. Systematic infrastructure investment

Case study: Ghana

Unsystematic & fragmented records

Countless procedures

Undetermined boundaries

Multiple transactions

Characteristics of land administration in Ghana

Participants too quick to conclude transactions

Ghana Land Policy, 1999

Unregulated system

Land Administration Weaknesses & interventions: Ghana

Countless Procedures

Identified and reviewed business processes

Re-engineered business processes & integrated into a single

workflow

Established Client Service Access Units (CSAUs) as one-stop-centres

for service delivery

Ongoing stakeholders consultation

Client Service Access Unit: One-stop-shop

Land Administration Weaknesses & interventions: Ghana

Countless Procedures

Identified and reviewed business processes

Re-engineered business processes & integrated into a single

workflow

Established Client Service Access Units (CSAUs) as one-stop-centres

for service delivery

Ongoing stakeholders consultation

Unregulated Systems

Provided checklists for all services

Developed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Developing a Land Bill

Job tracking systems introduced & quality control scaled up

Effective communication strategy rolled out

Unsystematic & Fragmented Records

To establish centralized land cadastral

Effective coordination of primary data collection

Robust data verification and analysis

To establish digital platform for records management

URBAN EXPANSION

ACCRA AND TEMA 1903-2000

1903 1929 1966 1985 2000

Source: Atlas of Urban Expansions, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

ACCRA

TEMA

PRAMPRAM

Projected population Accra 2025: 4.228.000

Land Use Planning Regime in Ghana

1. Weak legal framework; e.g. Town & Country Planning Department Ordinance Cap 84,

1945

2. Fragmented statutory provisions – LGA, Act 462 of 1993, NDPA, Act 479 of 1994, NBR,

LI 1630 of 1996, etc.

3. Reforms needed because:

a. Land use planning is a decentralized function

b. duplications and conflicts in roles exist among several agencies

c. enforcement of statutes is generally weak

d. zoning and planning standards are inadequate

e. building vs. Planning regulations

Participatory Land Use Planning

•Does things the way they should be done

•Generally effective

•Provides foundation for sustainability

•Builds trust among stakeholders

Feeling of Ownership

Builds a strong base

Provides broader range of perspective

and ideas

Provides credibility

across sectors

Addressing the fundamentals of Land Use Planning

Consolidate, integrate & harmonize laws

Stimulate local economic

development

Planning to precede development

Sustainable financing Promote partnership

Intraregional infrastructure deficit in Sub- Sahara Africa

Infrastructure ECOWAS EAC SADC CENTRAL Middle-income

Average

Paved-road

Density (km/100sq. km)

38

29

92

4

284

Total road

Density (km/100sq. km)

144

362

193

44

381

Telephone line

Density (lines/1000 popn.)

28

6

80

13

142

Electricity

Coverage (% of popn.)

18

6

24

21

37

Improved

Water (% of popn.)

63

71

68

53

82

Improved

Sanitation (% of popn.)

35

42

46

28

53

Source: World Bank (2010), from Yepes, Pierce and Foster, 2008

Infrastructure investment: a necessity for the future

1. Infrastructure is strongly and significantly correlated with growth in Africa: Easterly

and Levine, 1997

2. Long term relationship between infrastructure and growth: Fedderke and Bogetic, 2006

3. In Ghana, after rural roads rehabilitation project, costs for transporting goods and

passengers fell by 33%: World Bank, 2000

4. Better transportation improves competitiveness, helping create more jobs and boost

incomes: Limao and Venables, 1999; World Bank, 2000, 2001

We care because……………….

1. Urban sprawl is becoming a serious

threat to cities growth

2. Inner city neighbourhoods are

deserted in the evenings

3. Very long commuting time & at

high cost

Concluding remarks

Huge potentials exist to stimulate cities growth to support national development in

African countries;

However, there is an urgent need to:

i. Improve the institutional framework for land administration;

ii. Provide technical and financial resources for land use planning; and

iii. Develop infrastructure investment vehicles