Lamps Arch 433. Choose work you love and you will never have to work a day in your life Confucius.
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Transcript of Lamps Arch 433. Choose work you love and you will never have to work a day in your life Confucius.
![Page 1: Lamps Arch 433. Choose work you love and you will never have to work a day in your life Confucius.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102900/5519e3815503467a178b486d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lamps
Arch 433
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Choose work youlove and you will
never have to work a day in your
life Confucius
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Getting Along
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Honda Insight - 65
Toyota Pyrius – 48
GMC Sierra – 12 Jeep Cherokee – 24
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Miles/gallon
SOURCE LUMEN EFFICACY
(lumens/watts)Candle (equivalent) 0.01Oil Lamp (equivalent) 0.03Edison lamp (1879) 1.4Carbonized bamboo (1879 2.0Carbonized cellulose (1891) 3.0Metalized (Gem) (1905) 4.0Drawn Tungsten (1911) 10.060W Tungsten C.C. (1968) 14.7Filament Lamp (1970) 10 - 18Tungsten Halogen (1980) 17 - 22Stage/Studio Lamps (1980) 20 - 40Cooper-Hewitt Lamp (1901) 13.0Mercury Lamp (modern) 55 - 60Fluorescent Lamp (1938) 65 -100Metal Halide Lamp 85 -120HPS Lamp 80 -140LPS Lamp 120 -200
Efficacy
Lumens per watt of a light source
The higher the lumen efficacy, the more efficient the source is at producing light
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Color RenderingIndex (CRI)
The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp, compared with how the object would appear under a reference light source of similar color temperature. The higher the CRI of the light source, the "truer" it renders color
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Lamp Life
A statistical probability Based on:
A representative sample of lights Typical conditions
Rated in hours Time elapsed when 50% remain burning Example
If a lamp had a rating of 1000 hours: After 1000 hours half of the sample of lamps have
burned out while the other half remains operational
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Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD)
Light output declines with timeThis loss of light is called Lumen Depreciation
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Factors that affect Lamp Operation
StrikeAmbient TemperaturesVoltage InterruptionsWattage/Voltage Changes Dimming Increased Watts or Volts
Burning Position
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Incandescent
Components Tungsten filament
Acts as a resistor In parallel changes amps by impedance
inductive reactance and conductor resistance Glass Globe w/ inert gasses
Argon or krypton w/ small amounts of nitrogen
Add bromine or iodine with a quartz covering – Tungsten Halogen lamp
Lamp base
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Types of Incandescent
General Service or Extend LifeProjector (PAR) Parabolic reflectors
Reflectors (R)Elliptical Reflectors (ER)Tungsten Halogen
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Common Shapes w/ Designations
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Common Bases
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Remember Who We Are…
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Feel like an Imposter!
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Getting Along
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Performance• Not affected by temperatures
• Voltage sensitive
• Strike sensitive - Dimming
• Excellent color rendering (CRI)
• Lumen depreciation
- on average, lamps retain 87% of their lumens after 70% rated life
•Low Rated Life
•Efficacy 10 – 30 Lumens per watt
GMC Sierra – 12
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If there was something
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Fluorescent Components Mercury arc discharge
Cathodes Argon gas w/ mercury
Phosphor coating on tube Ultraviolet light created by the mercury
arc excites the phosphor coating and creates visible light
Mixtures of different phosphors give varying colors
Requires a ballast limit and regulate current flow
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Ballast
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Ballast
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Ballast Starter
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Ballast
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BallastThe basic ballast is nothing more than a current limiting device. For 50 and 60 Hz applications, the most common current limiting device is an inductor Magnetic Electronic
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Types of FluorescentsShapes Tubular (T) U – Shaped (U) Circline (C)
Types Preheat
Few second delay - Bi pin base Instant Start
Single pin base Rapid Start
Slight delay – bi pin High and Very High Output (increased arc) (HO, VHO)
Recessed base – 800 mA to 1500 mA – more light, less efficacy
Note:
•Residential – 120V
•Commercial – 277V
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GenericDesignations
F20 = fluorescent 20 watts (U, C) F42 = Fluorescent 42” long (instant start slimline)
T8 = tubular 8/8” = 1inch diameter, RS = Rapid StartWW = warm white (cw, wwx, etc.)
Warning: Be sure to check w/ manufacturer
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GenericDesignations
The "T" in lamp nomenclature designates that the lamp is tubular shaped. The number following the "T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp in eighths of an inch.
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New DOE Standards Effective July 14, 2012:
Lamp Type Watts Color Temperature Min. Lumens/Watt
4-foot (T5) miniature bi-pin
>26W <4500K>4500K and <7000K
86.081.0
Prior to July 14, 2012 DOE Standards
Lamp Type Watts Min. CRI Min. Lumens/Watt
4-foot medium bi-pin
>35W 69 45
75.0 75.0
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Performance•Temperature sensitive
•Strike sensitive (3hrs)
•Poor color rendering
•Long rated life (up to 24,000)
•Lumen depreciation
- on average, lamps retain 87% of their lumens after 40% rated life; eventually get dimmer & dimmer
•Good Efficacy 60 – 100 lumens per watt
•Poor beam control
•Dimming expensive
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Residential Usage
Remember strike and ambient temperatures!
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High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
Three distinct categories Mercury Metal Halide High Pressure Sodium
Characteristics High Efficacy Long Life High Lamp Lumen Depreciation Require ballasts Low CRI
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Mercury HIDMercury arcsStarting time 3-5 minutes
Green-blue lightConsiderable lamp decay Eventually dim out After 24,000 – 50% Long Life
Burning position – anyLandscaping uses
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Metal Halide HID
Mixtures Mercury, sodium,
thallium, scandium, etc.
Starting time The greatest up to 5 minutes
Bright greenish whiteDecay of metals Decline of lumens very gradual
Burning position is criticalSports lighting, commercial
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Do you every feel small
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High/Low Pressure Sodium HID
Sodium arcStarting time 3-5 minutes
Yellow – golden white Very low CRI
Very high efficacy Up to 140 lumens/watt for HP Up to 200 lumens/watt for LP
Burning position – anySport lighting, garages
Honda Insight - 65
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Sodium HID
Diagram of a high pressure sodium lamp
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Lamp Comparison - Color
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Lamp Comparisons – Life/Cost
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Lamp Comparison
Lamp Life
Efficacy
ef·fi·ca·cythe power to produce an effect
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OOPS!
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