LamborghiniFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the car brand. For the KSI song, seeLamborghini (song). For the 1997 video game, seeAutomobili Lamborghini. For the cancelled video game, seeLamborghini (video game).Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.[1]

TypePrivate[1]

Industry Automobile manufacturing Automobile distribution

FateAcquired byAudi(September 1998)[2]

Founded Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy (30October1963) as Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A.[3]

FounderFerruccio Lamborghini

HeadquartersSant'Agata Bolognese,Italy[1]

Area servedWorldwide

Key people Stephan Winkelmann, President[1] Filippo Perini, Director, Centro Stile[4]

Products Sports cars Engines

Production output 2,197vehicles (2012) 1,711vehicles (2011)[5][6]

Revenue 469million (2012) 322million (2011)[7]

Profit -24million (2011)[8] -57.184million (2010)[9]

Total equity 837million (2011)[10] 933.213million (2010)[9]

Number of employees 831 (2011) 803 (2010)[11]

ParentAudi[10][12]

Subsidiaries Ducati Italdesign Giugiaro MML Italia[10][13]

Websitelamborghini.com/en/home/

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.(Italian:[lamborini](listen)) is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxurysports carsand, formerly,SUVs, which is owned by theVolkswagen Groupthrough its subsidiary brand divisionAudi. Lamborghini's production facility and headquarters are located inSant'Agata Bolognese, Italy. In 2011, Lamborghini's 831 employees produced 1,711 vehicles.Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italianmanufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, includingFerrari. The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for theMiurasportscoup, which establishedrear mid-engine, rear wheel driveas the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the1973 worldwide financial downturnand theoil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. AmericanChrysler Corporationtook control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to theVolkswagen Groupwhere it was placed under the control of the group'sAudidivision.New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during theworldwide financial crisisand the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 percent.Lamborghini produces sports cars andV12 enginesforoffshore powerboat racing. Lamborghini currently produces the V12-poweredAventadorand the V10-poweredHuracn.Contents[hide] 1History 2Products 2.1Automobiles 2.2Marine engines 2.3Lamborghini motorcycle 2.4Branded merchandise 3Motorsport 3.1Complete Formula One results 4Marketing 4.1Brand identity 4.2Vehicle nomenclature 4.3Concept vehicles 5Corporate affairs 5.1Structure 5.2Sales results 6Licensing 6.1Automviles Lamborghini Latinoamrica 7Museo Lamborghini 8See also 9Notes 10Citations 11References 11.1Corporate documents 12External linksHistory[edit]Main article:History of LamborghiniManufacturing magnate ItalianFerruccio Lamborghinifounded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refinedgrand touring carto compete with offerings from established marques such asFerrari. The company's first models were released in the mid-1960s and were noted for their refinement, power and comfort. Lamborghini gained wide acclaim in 1966 for theMiurasportscoup, which establishedrear mid-engine, rear wheel driveas the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the1973 worldwide financial downturnand theoil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold ownership of the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and Ren Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude andPatrick Mimranin 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in the company's expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from theCountachto include theJalpasports car and theLM002high performance off-road vehicle.The Mimrans sold Lamborghini to theChrysler Corporationin 1987. After replacing the Countach with theDiabloand discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to theVolkswagen Groupwhere it was placed under the control of the group'sAudidivision. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during theworldwide financial crisisand the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 percent.Products[edit]Automobiles[edit]Main article:List of Lamborghini automobiles

HuracnAs of the 2015 model year, Lamborghini's automobile product range consists of two model lines, both of which are mid-engine two-seat sports cars.[14]The V12-poweredAventadorline consists of the LP 7004 coup and roadster.[15]The V10-poweredHuracnline currently includes only the LP 610-4 coup.[citation needed]Marine engines[edit]

L900 marine engineMotori Marini Lamborghini produces a large V12 marine engine block for use inWorld Offshore SeriesClass 1 powerboats. A Lamborghini branded marine engine displaces approximately 8,171cc (499cuin) and outputs approximately 940hp (700kW).[16]Lamborghini motorcycle[edit]In the mid-1980s, Lamborghini produced a limited-production run of a 1,000ccsportsmotorcycle. UK weekly newspaperMotor Cycle Newsreported in 1994 when featuring an example available through anEssexmotorcycle retailer - that 24 examples were produced with a Lamborghinialloyframe havingadjustable steering head angle,Kawasaki GPz1000RXengine/transmission unit,Cerianifront forksandMarvicwheels. The bodywork wasplasticand fully integrated withfront fairingmerged into fuel tank and seat cover ending in a rear tail-fairing. The motorcycles were designed by Lamborghini stylists and produced by French businessBoxer Bikes.[17]Branded merchandise[edit]Lamborghini licenses its brand to manufacturers that produce a variety of Lamborghini-branded consumer goods including scale models, clothing, accessories and electronics.[18]Motorsport[edit]

The Miura began as a clandestine prototype, a car that had racing pedigree in a company that was entirely against motorsport.In contrast to his rival Enzo Ferrari, Ferruccio Lamborghini had decided early on that there would be no factory-supported racing of Lamborghinis, viewing motorsport as too expensive and too draining on company resources.[citation needed]This was unusual for the time, as many sports car manufacturers sought to demonstrate the speed, reliability, and technical superiority through motorsport participation. Enzo Ferrari in particular was known for considering his road car business mostly a source of funding for his participation in motor racing. Ferruccio's policy led to tensions between him and his engineers, many of whom were racing enthusiasts; some had previously worked at Ferrari. When Dallara, Stanzani, and Wallace began dedicating their spare time to the development of the P400 prototype, they designed it to be a road car with racing potential, one that could win on the track and also be driven on the road by enthusiasts.[19]When Ferruccio discovered the project, he allowed them to go ahead, seeing it as a potential marketing device for the company, while insisting that it would not be raced. The P400 went on to become the Miura. The closest the company came to building a true race car under Lamborghini's supervision were a few highly modified prototypes, including those built by factory test driverBob Wallace, such as the Miura SV-based "Jota" and the Jarama S-based "Bob Wallace Special".In the mid-1970s, while Lamborghini was under the management of Georges-Henri Rossetti, Lamborghini entered into an agreement withBMWto develop, then manufacture 400 cars for BMW in order to meetGroup 4homologationrequirements. BMW lacked experience developing a mid-engined vehicle and believed that Lamborghini's experience in that area would make Lamborghini an ideal choice of partner. Due to Lamborghini's shaky finances, Lamborghini fell behind schedule developing the car's structure and running gear. When Lamborghini failed to deliver working prototypes on time, BMW took the program in house, finishing development without Lamborghini. BMW contracted withBaurto produce the car, which BMW named theM1, delivering the first vehicle in October 1978.[20][21]

The 1990Lotus 102featured a Lamborghini V12.In 1985, Lamborghini's British importer developed theCountach QVX, in conjunction withSpice Engineering, for the 1986Group Cchampionship season. One car was built, but lack of sponsorship caused it to miss the season. The QVX competed in only one race, the non-championship 1986 Southern Suns 500km race atKyalamiin South Africa, driven byTiff Needell. Despite the car finishing better than it started, sponsorship could once again not be found and the programme was cancelled.[22]Lamborghini was an engine supplier inFormula Onebetween the1989and1993 Formula One seasons. It supplied engines toLarrousse(19891990,19921993),Lotus(1990),Ligier(1991),Minardi(1992), and to theModenateam in 1991. While the latter is commonly referred to as a factory team, the company saw themselves as a supplier, not a backer. The 1992 LarrousseLamborghini was largely uncompetitive but noteworthy in its tendency to spew oil from its exhaust system. Cars following closely behind the Larrousse were commonly coloured yellowish-brown by the end of the race.[citation needed]Lamborghini's best result was achieved with Larrousse at the1990 Japanese Grand Prix, whenAguri Suzukifinished third on home soil.[23]In late 1991, a Lamborghini Formula One motor was used in theKonrad KM-011Group Csports car, but the car only lasted a few races before the project was canceled. The same engine, re-badged aChrysler, Lamborghini's then-parent company, was tested byMcLarentowards the end of the 1993 season, with the intent of using it during the1994 season. Although driverAyrton Sennawas reportedly impressed with the engine's performance, McLaren pulled out of negotiations, choosing aPeugeotengine instead, and Chrysler ended the project.

A Murcielago R-GT participating in the FIA GT Championship atSilverstonein 2006.Two racing versions of the Diablo were built for the Diablo Supertrophy, a single-model racing series held annually from 1996 to 1999. In the first year, the model used in the series was the Diablo SVR, while the Diablo 6.0 GTR was used for the remaining three years.[24][25]Lamborghini developed the Murcilago R-GT as a production racing car to compete in theFIA GT Championship, theSuper GTChampionship and theAmerican Le Mans Seriesin 2004. The car's highest placing in any race that year was the opening round of the FIA GT Championship atValencia, where the car entered byReiter Engineeringfinished third from a fifth-place start.[26][27]In 2006, during the opening round of the Super GT championship atSuzuka, a car run by the Japan Lamborghini Owners Club garnered the first victory (in class) by an R-GT. AGT3version of the Gallardo has been developed byReiter Engineering.[28]A Murcilago R-GT entered by All-Inkl.com racing, driven byChristophe Bouchutand Stefan Mcke, won the opening round of theFIA GT Championshipheld atZhuhai International Circuit, achieving the first major international race victory for Lamborghini.[29]Complete Formula One results[edit](key) (results in bold indicatepole position)YearEntrantChassisEngine(s)TyresDrivers12345678910111213141516PointsWCC

1989Larrousse CalmelsLola LC88BLola LC89Lamborghini 3512V12GBRASMRMONMEXUSACANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS115th

Yannick DalmasDNQRetDNQDNQDNQDNQ

ric Bernard11Ret

Michele AlboretoRetRetRetRet11DNPQDNQDNPQ

Philippe Alliot12RetRetRetRetRetRetRetRetDNPQ16Ret96RetRet

1990ESPO Larrousse F1Lola LC89BLola LC90Lamborghini 3512V12GUSABRASMRMONCANMEXFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS116th

ric Bernard8Ret1369Ret84Ret69RetRetRetRetRet

Aguri SuzukiRetRetRetRet12Ret76RetRetRetRet1463Ret

Camel Team LotusLotus 102LamborghiniV12G

Derek WarwickRetRet7Ret61011Ret8511RetRetRetRetRet38th

Martin DonnellyDNSRet8RetRet812RetRet712RetRetDNS

Johnny HerbertRetRet

1991Equipe Ligier GitanesLigier JS35Ligier JS35BLamborghini 3512V12GUSABRASMRMONCANMEXFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS0NC

Thierry BoutsenRetRet77Ret812Ret91711Ret16Ret9Ret

rik ComasDNQRet10108DNQ11DNQRet10Ret1111RetRet18

Modena Team SpALambo 291Lamborghini L3512V12GNicola Larini7DNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQRet16DNQ16DNQDNQDNQRet0NC

Eric van de PoeleDNPQDNPQ9DNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQ

1992Central Park Venturi LarrousseVenturi LC92Lamborghini 3512V12GRSAMEXBRAESPSMRMONCANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORJPNAUS111th

Bertrand GachotRet11RetRetRet6DSQRetRet14Ret18RetRetRetRet

Ukyo Katayama12129DNQRetDNPQRetRetRetRetRet179Ret11Ret

Minardi TeamM191BM191LM192Lamborghini 3512 3.5V12GChristian FittipaldiRetRetRet11Ret813DNQDNQDNQ1269112th

Alessandro ZanardiDNQRetDNQ

Gianni MorbidelliRetRet7RetRetRet1181712DNQ16Ret141410

1993Larrousse F1Larrousse LH93Lamborghini 3512V12GRSABRAEURSMRESPMONCANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORJPNAUS310th

Philippe AlliotRet7Ret5Ret12Ret91112812910

Toshio Suzuki1214

rik ComasRet109Ret9Ret816RetRetRetRet611Ret12

Marketing[edit]Brand identity[edit]

The Lamborghini wordmark, as displayed on the back of its cars.The world ofbullfightingis a key part of Lamborghini's identity.[30][31][32]In 1962, Ferruccio Lamborghini visited the Seville ranch ofDon Eduardo Miura, a renowned breeder ofSpanish fighting bulls. Lamborghini, aTaurushimself, was so impressed by the majestic Miura animals that he decided to adopt a ragingbullas theemblemfor the automaker he would open shortly.[33]Vehicle nomenclature[edit]After producing two cars with alphanumeric designations, Lamborghini once again turned to the bull breeder for inspiration. Don Eduardo was filled with pride when he learned that Ferruccio had named a car for his family and their line of bulls; the fourth Miura to be produced was unveiled to him at his ranch in Seville.[33][34]The automaker would continue to draw upon the bullfighting connection in future years. TheIslerowas named for the Miura bull that killed the famedbullfighterManoletein 1947.Espadais the Spanish word forsword, sometimes used to refer to the bullfighter himself. The Jarama's name carried a special double meaning; though it was intended to refer only to the historic bullfighting region in Spain, Ferruccio was concerned about confusion with the also historicJarama motor racing track.[35]

The Diablo (background) was named for a legendary bull, while the Countach (foreground) broke from the bullfighting tradition.After christening theUrracoafter a bull breed, in 1974, Lamborghini broke from tradition, naming the Countach not for a bull,[36]but forcontacc(pronounced[kuntt](listen)),[citation needed]aPiedmonteseexpletive.[36]Legend has it that stylistNuccio Bertoneuttered the word in surprise when he first laid eyes on the Countach prototype, "Project 112".[37]The LM002 (LM for Lamborghini Militaire) sport utility vehicle and the Silhouette (named after the popular racing category of the time) were other exceptions to the tradition.The Jalpa of 1982 was named for a bull breed; Diablo, for theDuke of Veragua's ferocious bull famous for fighting an epic battle against "El Chicorro" in Madrid in 1869;[38][39][40]Murcilago, the legendary bull whose life was spared by "El Lagartijo" for his performance in 1879; Gallardo, named for one of the five ancestral castes of the Spanish fighting bull breed;[41]and Reventn, the bull that defeated young MexicantoreroFlix Guzmn in 1943. TheEstoqueconcept of 2008 was named for theestoc, the sword traditionally used bymatadorsduring bullfights.[42]Concept vehicles[edit]See also:List of Lamborghini concept vehicles

The Concept S, a Gallardo derivative.Throughout its history, Lamborghini has envisioned and presented a variety ofconcept cars, beginning in 1963 with the very first Lamborghini prototype, the350GTV. Other famous models include Bertone's 1967Marzal, 1974Bravo, and 1980Athon, Chrysler's 1987Portofino, theItaldesign-styledCalafrom 1995, theZagato-builtRaptorfrom 1996.A retro-styledLamborghini Miura concept car, the first creation of chief designer Walter de'Silva, was presented in 2006. President and CEO Stephan Winkelmann denied that the concept would be put into production, saying that the Miura concept was "a celebration of our history, but Lamborghini is about the future. Retro design is not what we are here for. So we wont do the [new] Miura.[43]At the2008 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini revealed theEstoque, a four-doorsedanconcept. Although there had been much speculation regarding the Estoque's eventual production,[44][45]Lamborghini management has not made a decision regarding production of what might be the first four-door car to roll out of the Sant'Agata factory.[46]

TheEstoque, a 2008 sedan concept.At the2010 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled theSesto Elemento. The concept car is made almost entirely of carbon fibre making it extremely light, weighing only 999kg. The Sesto Elemento shares the same V10 engine found in the Lamborghini Gallardo. Lamborghini hopes to signal a shift in the company's direction from making super cars focused on top speed to producing more agile, track focused cars with the Sesto Elemento. The concept car can reach 062 in 2.5 seconds and can reach a top speed of over 180mph.[47]At the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Aventador J a roofless, windowless version of theLamborghini Aventador. The Aventador J uses the same 700hp engine and seven-speed transmission as the standard Aventador.[48]At the 2012 Beijing Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled theUrusSUV. This is the first SUV By Lamborghini since the LM002.As part of the celebration of 50 years of Lamborghini, the company unveiled theEgoista.Egoistais for one person's driving and only one of Egoista is to be made.[49]At the2014 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Asterion LPI910-4 hybrid concept car. This is the first hybrid Lamborghini in the history of the company ("Asterion" was the traditional proper name of another hybrid namely, the half-man, half-bullMinotaurof Greek legend). Utilizing theHuracn's5.2 litre V10 producing 607 horsepower, along with one electric motor mounted on the transaxle and an additional two on the front axle, developing an additional 300 horsepower. This puts the power at a combined figure of 907 horsepower. 0100km/h is claimed to be "just above 3 seconds," with a claimed top speed of 185mph.[50]Corporate affairs[edit]Structure[edit]As of 2011, Lamborghini is structured as a wholly owned subsidiary ofAUDI AGnamed Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.[Notes 1][10]Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. controls five principal subsidiaries:Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A., a manufacturer of motorcycles;Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A., a 90.1%-owned design and prototyping firm that provides services to the entire Volkswagen Group; MML S.p.A. (Motori Marini Lamborghini), a manufacturer of marine engine blocks; and VOLKSWAGEN GROUP ITALIA S.p.A. (formerly AUTOGERMA S.p.A.), which sells Audi and other Volkswagen Group vehicles in Italy.[10][13]Sales results[edit]

Lamborghini Gallardo Convertible (Australia)By sales, the most important markets in 2004 for Lamborghini's sports cars are the U.S. (41%), Germany (13%), Great Britain (9%) and Japan (8%). Prior to the launch of theGallardoin 2003, Lamborghini produced approximately 400 vehicles per year; in 2011 Lamborghini produced 1,711 vehicles.[5]This section requiresexpansion.(April 2009)

YearUnits sold

5001,0001,5002,0002,500

Ferruccio Lamborghini (19631972)

1968[51]353

Georges-Henri Rossetti and Ren Leimer (19721977)

Receivership (19771984)

Patrick Mimran (19841987)

Chrysler Corporation (19871994)

1991[52]673

1992[52]166

1993[52]215

MegaTech (19941995)

V'Power and Mycom Sedtco (19951998)

1996[53]211

1997[52]209

AUDI AG (1999)

1999[54]265

2000[55]296

2001[56]297

2002[57]424

2003[58]1,305

2004[58]1,592

2005[59]1,600

2006[60]2,087

2007[61]2,406

2008[62]2,430

2009[63]1,515

2010[64]1,302

2011[65]1,602

2012[6]2,083

2013[66]2,121

2014[67]2,530

Licensing[edit]Automviles Lamborghini Latinoamrica[edit]Automviles Lamborghini LatinoamricaS.A. de C.V.(Lamborghini Automobiles of Latin America Public Limited Company) is an authorized distributor and manufacturer of Lamborghini-branded vehicles and merchandise in Latin America and South America.[68]In 1995, Indonesian corporation MegaTech, Lamborghini's owner at the time, entered into distribution and license agreements with Mexican businessman Jorge Antonio Fernandez Garcia. The agreements give Automviles Lamborghini Latinoamrica S.A. de C.V. the exclusive distributorship of Lamborghini vehicles and branded merchandise in Latin America and South America. Under the agreements, Automviles Lamborghini is also allowed to manufacture Lamborghini vehicles and market them worldwide under the Lamborghini brand.[68]Automviles Lamborghini has produced two rebodied versions of theDiablocalled the Eros and the Coatl. Automviles Lamborghini plans to start producing auto parts in theArgentine provinceofSantiago del Esteroin 2011, followed by production of cars in 2012.[69]Museo Lamborghini[edit]

Museo LamborghiniMain article:Museo LamborghiniThis two story museum is attached to the headquarters, and covers the history of Lamborghini cars and sport utility vehicles, showcasing a variety of modern and vintage models. The museum uses displays of cars, engines and photos to provide a history and review important milestones of Lamborghini.