Lake PERSPECTIVES on LAKE WINNIPEG - IISD · Winnipeg Watershed WATERSHED” Datasource: my kids...
Transcript of Lake PERSPECTIVES on LAKE WINNIPEG - IISD · Winnipeg Watershed WATERSHED” Datasource: my kids...
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
“PERSPECTIVES on LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED”
Lance Yohe
Executive Director Red River Basin Commission
Contributions: • Steve Topping, MB MIT/WS
• Henry (Hank) Venema, IISD
• Al Kristofferson, LWRC
• Rob Nedotiafko, MB Conservation/WS
• Executive Director, POS
• Todd J. Sellers, LoWWSF
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
IISD-GWSP CONFERENCE WATER – ENERGY – FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
Winnipeg, Manitoba 3 May 2012
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
4 RIVER SYSTEMS 2 MAJOR LAKES
Datasource: my kids
2 COUNTRIES
4 PROVINCES
4 STATES
G
Watershed 953,250 sq/km
Lake Winnipeg 24,387 sq/km
Watershed Population 6.6 million
HOW DO YOU MANAGE A
BASIN THIS SIZE—JANOS
50,000 – 70,000 SQ/KM
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
ASSINIBOINE RIVER
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
QU'APPELLE
RIVER
SO
URIS R
IVER
WEYBURN
ESTEVAN
NORTH DAKOTA
SASKATCHEWAN
MANITO
BA
LAKE MANITOBA
SO
UR
IS
R I V E R
QU'APPELLE
RIVER
AS
SIN
IBO
INE
BRANDON
REGINA MOOSE JAW WINNIPEG
WEYBURN
ESTEVAN PORTAGE
LA PRAIRIE
Souris River sub-
basin (38%)
Qu’Appelle
River sub-basin
(36%)
Upper Assiniboine River
sub-basin (12%)
Shellmouth Reservoir
Manitoba
Tributaries
(14%)
Drainage Area:162,134 km2 (24,900 km2 in MB)
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
ASSINIBOINE RIVER
• 2/3 of
annual
volume
comes
in April
- June
High Inter-annual Flow Variability
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
ASSINIBOINE RIVER
Water Supply Industrial Livestock Watering Municipal Irrigation Water Storage Flood Control Treated Effluent Dilution Fishing, Hunting Recreation
Canoeing Camping Swimming
Lifestyle Living on the water’s edge
Recorded at Headingly MB
Approximately 80,000 acre-feet/year are licensed or committed for consumptive use
MB water allocation
volumes are conservative,
providing less risk of
encroaching on in-stream
flow volumes for
ecological health
Water Use & Allocation
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
ASSINIBOINE RIVER
Prairie Provinces Water Board reviews past and present flows, not future PPWB implements master agreement on apportionment policy, does not develop policy A policy gap at the interprovincial planning level
Usage Category
Annual Allocation
(expressed as a
percent)
Agricultural > 1
Industrial 13
Irrigation 35
Municipal 52
Total 100
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
RED RIVER
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
NATURAL RESOURCE FRAMEWORK PLAN (NRFP)
1. Watershed 2. Integration 3. Data/Technology 4. Education/Information 5. FDR: Forecasting 6. FDR: Mitigation 7. FDR: Response & Recovery 8. Drainage 9. Water Quality 10. Water Supply 11. Conservation 12. Fish & Wildlife 13. Outdoor Recreation
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
RED RIVER
Datasource: RRBC
Sub-Watersheds In Basin LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
RED RIVER
Additional Challenges
– East – West Water Law
– International Treaty of 1909,
• IJC - IRRB
– No Apportionment Agreements
– 23 Federal Agencies with mandates
869 km (540 mi) long 96 km (60 mi) wide Flat: n/s: .09 m/km (½ ft/mi) e/w: .38-.57 m/km (2-3 ft/mi) One of truly flat landscapes in world 129,500 sq km (50,000 sq. mi) w/o Souris & Assiniboine
FINDING SOLUTIONS: TOGETHER
VISION & VOICE
Red River Basin
Commission
Funding
Laws/ Legislation
Stakeholders
Partners
Inter-jurisdictional
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
RED RIVER
RRBC MISSION To develop a Red River Basin integrated natural resources framework plan; to achieve commitment to implement the framework plan; and to work toward a unified voice for the Red River Basin.
Citizen, Local Government, Provincial and State Government, Federal Government, First Nation, and Interest Groups.
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
SASKATCHEWAN RIVER
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Datasource: my kids
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
SASKATCHEWAN RIVER
Mission: Promoting watershed sustainability through awareness, Linkages & stewardship.
• Each prairie province has a new provincial comprehensive water strategy
• Watershed planning increasingly locally implemented by steward groups
• Basin starts at Peyto and Bow Glaciers
• Flows depends on the snow
pack in the Rockies • Prairie rivers depend on
glaciers for 2% except in late summer in dry years at 25 to 40% • may be gone in 30 years
• Glacier Park will have none
by mid-century • Athabasca has retreated 1.5
km
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
SASKATCHEWAN RIVER
International Watershed
• 4 ecological regions
• 3 provinces 1 state
• 435,000 sq. km
• 1,220 kilometers long
• Over 3 million people
Less than 25% of the Nelson River
flow from the Saskatchewan River Basin
• North Saskatchewan (fourth longest), Red Deer,
Oldman, Bow, Highwood, South Saskatchewan (seventh longest), Battle, Saskatchewan, St. Mary, and Carrot.
• Kisiskatchewan = the river that flows swiftly.
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WINNIPEG RIVER
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
17,000 Tonnes (26%)
800 Tonnes (13%)
771 m3s-1 (45%)
150,000 km 2 (16%)
N Load
Flow
P Load
Winnipeg R. Basin 101
Watershed km 2
17,000 Tonnes (26%)
800 Tonnes (13%)
771 m3s-1 (45%)
150,000 km 2 (16%)
N Load
Flow
P Load
Winnipeg R. Basin 101
Watershed km 2
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WINNIPEG RIVER
Modified from Lake of the Woods Control Board
English River 55,000 km2
Lake of the Woods 70,400 km2
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WINNIPEG RIVER
Lake of the Wood Foundation
Champion for Lake of the Woods
Science: Initiating research partnerships on water quality issues
Policy: Develop community and political support bi-nationally for cooperative action to protect and sustain our lake
Role: Catalyst, Coordinator, Funding
Partner
• IJC Reference June 17, 2010 for Lake of the Woods & Rainy watershed
• IJC Task Force study & consultations fall 2010 – spring 2011
• Jan 2012 – IJC “Report to the Governments of the United States and Canada on Bi-national Water Management of the Lake of the Woods and Rainy River Watershed”
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WINNIPEG RIVER
International Watershed Board for Lake of the Woods and Rainy River Watershed – Merge existing boards; expand water quality mandate to
include Lake of the Woods and upstream boundary waters
Develop plans of study for priority issues – Nutrients & harmful algal blooms – Aquatic invasive species – Climate change – Sulphite and heavy metals
Develop bi-national basin management plan – Comprehensive monitoring and reporting program
Water levels study for Lake of the Woods
A Summit on Futures – Outcome: Inter-jurisdictional implementation
2011 AREAS OF FLOODING
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED ISSUES
QUANTITY: TOO LITTLE TOO MUCH
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
Solutions
1930‘s -- 2 Yrs
1200-1400 -- 200 Yrs
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED ISSUES
QUANTITY: ICE – INVASIVE SPECIES
Datasource: my kids
Solutions
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
Selkirk, MB - Ice Jams (Amphibex Machines breaking ice)
Focus on Ice Breaking, Cutting
and Clearing
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED ISSUES
QUANTITY: LAND USE
Last 100 Years Forest, Wetlands, and Marshes To: Tillable Land Creating : erosion, nutrients, and economic value.
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Solutions
MB: Red/Ass. Rivers -23%
MB: Red/Ass. Rivers -23%
MB: Red/Ass. Rivers -23%
MB: Red/Ass. Rivers -23%
MB: W. Lake, E. Lake, atm. cont. 24%
MB: 47%
ON: 13%
MB: 47%
ON: 13%
SK: 3%
MB: 47%
ON: 13%
SK: 3%
MB: 47%
AB: 2% ON: 13%
SK: 3%
MB: 47%
AB: 2%
US: 35%
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED ISSUES
QUALITY
Lake Winnipeg
Watershed
Solutions
Lake Winnipeg Watershed Issues Quantity: Drought
Quantity: Flood Ice
Invasive Species Land Use Quality Climate
PHOSPHORUS LOADS
Datasource: my kids
North Basin
August 29, 2005
The largest ever
observed on the
lake
September 3, 2006
The widest extent
of algal blooms
ever seen
LAKE WINNIPEG ISSUES
QUALITY
Beach Closed
North Basin
South Basin
Narrows
Dam on inflows
Dam on outflows
26%
45%
11%
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US?
The Red - Assiniboine
Rivers account for 57.89% of the Phosphorus input into
the lake
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US?
0
5
10
15
20
25
1909 1919 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)June Aug
0
5
10
15
20
25
1909 1919 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)
July Sept Oct
1909 - 2004
Modeled monthly mean Lake
Winnipeg surface water temperatures Significant trends
North Basin - 1.0°C increase
in September
South Basin - 1.9°C increase
in August
South Basin
Climate Change
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US?
Nel
son
Play green LakeMcLaughlin
Gunisao
Belanger
Black (Mukutawa)
William
Pop lar
Berens
Pigeon
Bloodvein
Wanipigow
ManigotaganBlack
Winnipeg
Brok
en
head
Red
Assiniboine
Icelandic
Fisher
Mantagao
Dauphin
Warpath
Saskatchewan
File LWpg_99_dredge_ sites_fina l.cdr
NbnNbs
991 03
202
132
118
76
80
33
19
305121
94
9 4
64
122
58
42158
1 00
99106
91
187
105
98
71
74
60
72
23 973
68
73
44
48
57
150
47
2 1
68
2 3
3942
31
123
44
19
18
161617
167123
30
39
19
22
20
23
22
22
Lake WinnipegSurface TPJuly 2003
200 - 300 ug/L
100 - 200 ug/L
50 - 100 ug/L
25 - 50 ug/L
< 25 ug/L
89
> 300 ug/L
Nel
son
Play green La ke
McLaughlin
Gunisao
Belanger
Black (Mukutawa)
William
Pop lar
Berens
Pigeon
Bloodvein
Wanipigow
ManigotaganBlack
Winnipeg
Brok
enhe
ad
Red
Assiniboine
Icelandic
Fisher
Mantagao
Dauphin
Warpath
Saskatchewan
File LWpg_99_dredge_site s_final.cd r
NbnNbs
79
78
158
13 1
55
42
10 6
59
4 8
114
93
81
92
60
21
1 959
63
8 4
47
6 4
53
3 3
51
34
39
28
2935
53
42
47
59
51
41
81
17
33
211 9
19
24
37
29
15
17
201417
503022
20
26
20
21
37
39
1 8
29
Spring 2003
83
Nel
son
Play green La ke
McLaughlin
Gunisao
Belanger
Black (Mukutawa )
William
Pop lar
Berens
Pigeon
Bloodvein
Wanipigow
ManigotaganBlack
Winnipeg
Brok
enhe
ad
Red
Assiniboine
Icelandic
Fisher
Mantagao
Dauphin
Warpath
Saskatchewan
File LWpg_99_dredge_site s_final.cd r
NbnNbs
156
151
16 2
142
101
128
68
60
145
134
90
1 40
80
4215 7
146
1331 56
128
119
13 7
1 42
111
98
96
83
94101
90
93
92
83
73
65
60
54
43
4759
41
71
177
145
52
47
506050
585049
34
48
40
38
32
58
77
74
89 Highest N B in fall
Fall 2003
7 7
Total Phosphorus µg/L surface waters of Lake Winnipeg 2003
Lake Erie
present
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US?
0
10
20
30
40
Chl
orph
yll -
a (u
g/L)
BA GB GS SU HU MI TA ER VI W I
Summer Chlorophyll-a Concentration10 Largest World Lakes
Baikal
TanganyikaMichigan
Winnipeg
Great Bear
Superior
Erie
Victoria
Great Slave
Huron
The most eutrophic of the largest lakes
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US? ARE WE LISTING?
Governance
Political
Social
Administrative
Economic
Strengthen 4 River Basin Efforts
•50,000 – 70,000 sq/km
Assiniboine River – 162,134 sq/km •PPWB
•IJC – Souris Board
•Local CD’s MB, SK -- WRD – ND
•No Inter-Jurisdictional Locally Connected Effort
Red River – 129,500 sq/km •RRBC
•IJC - IRRB
Saskatchewan River – 435,000 sq/km •PoS
•PPWB
•IJC
Winnipeg River – 150,000 sq/km •LoW Foundation
•IJC – Rainy Board
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
•Agriculture & Livestock: •$ Billions/Yr
•Urban:
• $ Billions/yr
•Lake Winnipeg Fishery:
• $19 Million/yr
•1,030 Licensed Fishers
•6 m kg/yr
LEADERSHIP: BASIN & RIVER BASIN
RIVER BASIN CORNERSTONES: DATA & ACTIONS
SMALLER WATERSHED MODELS: DATA & ACTIONS
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
FARMSTEAD (VERY SMALL) MODELS: INTEGRATED ACTIONS
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED ISSUES
WHAT IF?
Warming Trends Floods - Drought
Human Impact
Future Projections?
Ice Age OR Every 11,500 yrs. Shift of Magnetic Field
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED WATER – ENERGY - FOOD --- INTEGRATION: A GOOD LITMUS TEST
Datasource: my kids
LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED
FINAL THOUGHTS
WHAT IS THE LAKE TELLING US? ARE WE LISTING?
IISD-GWSP CONFERENCE WATER – ENERGY – FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
Winnipeg, Manitoba 3 May 2012
Datasource: my kids
Red River Basin
“PERSPECTIVES on LAKE WINNIPEG BASIN”
Lance Yohe
Executive Director
Red River Basin Commission
www.redriverbasincommission.org
Cell: 701-371-9-8246
Winnipeg: 204-982-7254
Moorhead: 218-291-0422
Red River Basin Transboundary
History TIC
RRBB RRBC
WEF Challenges Flood
Drought Land Use Quality
Red River Basin Challenges
Solution (NRFP)