Laboratory Skills - Pedersen Science - Pedersen Science
Transcript of Laboratory Skills - Pedersen Science - Pedersen Science
Laboratory Skills Chapter 2: Background
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Laboratory Safety
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
– Glasses vs. goggles
– Gloves
– Lab coat
– Face shields
Safety cabinets
Location and function of
– Gas shutoffs
– Fire extinguishers
– Fire blankets
– Eyewash/shower
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Laboratory Notebooks
Importance of
recording actual
data as it happens
Format
Purpose
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Laboratory Notebooks
What to include
– Numbered
procedures
– Tables
– Calculations with all
math and units
displayed
– Sketches, model
numbers, etc.
– Signatures
– To and from pages
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Equipment
Graduated cylinders
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Equipment
Volumetric flasks
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Equipment
Serological pipets
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Equipment
Pipet pumps
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Equipment
Transfer pipets
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Equipment
Burette
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Equipment
Adjustable-volume micropipets
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Equipment
Erlenmeyer flask
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Equipment
Reagent bottles
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Equipment
Triple beam balance
Photo courtesy of Ohaus Corporation
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Equipment
Electronic balance
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Using an Electronic Balance
Play video: Using an Electronic Balance
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Equipment
Weigh boats
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Equipment
pH meters
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Using a pH Meter
Play video: Using a pH Meter
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Equipment
Autoclave
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Washing Glassware
Add small amount of laboratory soap and use a brush
to make sure all surfaces are washed
Rinse with tap water until no suds are evident,
usually at least 3 times
Rinse twice with distilled water
Air-dry or use oven to dry
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Labeling
Name of solution
Concentration
Date made
Name of person who
made it
Potential hazards if
necessary
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Hazards
Universal
hazards
label
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Significant Figures
Rule 1: The number of significant figures is the
number of digits to the right of the first non-zero
number.
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Significant Figures
Rule 2: When adding or subtracting numbers, the
resulting numbers cannot have any more significant
figures to the right of the decimal point than any value
used in the calculation.
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Significant Figures
Rule 3: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the
answer cannot have any more significant figures than
the value in the calculation with the fewest significant
figures.
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Scientific Notation
Shorthand method
to display numbers
that convey their
level of precision
Uses a number
that is multiplied by
10 raised to a
positive or
negative number
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Units of Measure
Metric prefixes and suffixes
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Preparing Solutions
Percent solutions
– Mass per Volume (m/v)
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Preparing Solutions
Percent solutions
– Volume per Volume (v/v)
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Preparing Solutions
Dilutions
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Preparing Solutions
Molar solutions
– Proportional method
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Preparing Solutions
Molar solutions
– Unit cancellation method
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Diluting Molar Solutions
Molar dilutions
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Chapter 2 Summary
Safety
• PPE
• Equipment and Locations
Equipment
• Containers
• Uses
Numbers and Accuracy
• Significant Figures
• Scientific Notation
Making Solutions
• Molar Solutions
• Dilutions