Laboratory Drillling Completion Techniques Used in CBM PPTC SE Conference 2005

7/30/2019 Laboratory Drillling Completion Techniques Used in CBM PPTC SE Conference 2005

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LABORATORY, DRILLING ANDLABORATORY, DRILLING ANDCOMPLETION TECHNIQUES USED INCOMPLETION TECHNIQUES USED IN

COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION ANDCOAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION AND

EXPLOITATIONEXPLOITATION

By:By:Steven A. TedescoSteven A. Tedesco

Atoka Coal LabsAtoka Coal Labs

14450 East Easter Ave., Ste 100014450 East Easter Ave., Ste 1000

Centennial, CO 80112Centennial, CO 80112

Presented at the PTTC Technology Conference on the Coalbed

Methane Resources In The Southeast


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Goals of a Pilot Project in CBMGoals of a Pilot Project in CBMExplorationExploration

Evaluate the ResourceEvaluate the Resource Thickness of CoalThickness of Coal

Gas ContentGas Content

PermeabilityPermeability

Water Production RatesWater Production Rates

Optimal Drilling MethodsOptimal Drilling Methods Optimal Completion MethodsOptimal Completion Methods


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Phases in Coal Bed MethanePhases in Coal Bed MethaneExploitation and EvaluationExploitation and Evaluation

Resource DefinitionResource Definition Resource AssessmentResource Assessment

Pilot PhasePilot Phase

Development PhaseDevelopment Phase

Production PhaseProduction Phase


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Resource DefinitionResource Definition

Existing data setsExisting data sets Where is the coalWhere is the coal How deepHow deep

Estimated coal thicknessEstimated coal thicknessAny Production or SFC Per Ton DataAny Production or SFC Per Ton Data

Drilling ProblemsDrilling Problems Completion ProblemsCompletion Problems Water Disposal ProblemsWater Disposal Problems


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Determining Coal ThicknessDetermining Coal ThicknessBest Type of DataBest Type of Data

Old Density LogsOld Density LogsAny coal mining exploration dataAny coal mining exploration data

Any existing coal bed methane projectsAny existing coal bed methane projects

Recent densityRecent density--neutron logsneutron logs


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LogsLogsOld Log New Log


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LogsLogsPowder River San Juan


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Determining Coal ThicknessDetermining Coal ThicknessTypes of Data Not ReliableTypes of Data Not Reliable

Electric logsElectric logs Sample logsSample logs

Gamma Ray logsGamma Ray logs

Sonic logsSonic logs

All above can be used to a limitedAll above can be used to a limited

extent if tied to other wells with densityextent if tied to other wells with densitylogslogs


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Resource AssessmentResource Assessment

Determine how many test wellsDetermine how many test wells Test wellsTest wells -- stratstrat teststests

Test wellsTest wells part of pilotpart of pilot

Objective of test wellsObjective of test wells

Data to be collectedData to be collected


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Single or Multiple Test WellsSingle or Multiple Test Wells

Test WellTest Well determine depth and thickness ofdetermine depth and thickness ofcoal seams presentcoal seams present Test WellTest Well determine the projected quantitydetermine the projected quantity

of gas in the coal, depth and thickness of coalof gas in the coal, depth and thickness of coalseams presentseams present

Test WellTest Well -- determine the, permeability,determine the, permeability,projected quantity of gas in the coal, depthprojected quantity of gas in the coal, depth

and thickness of coal seams presentand thickness of coal seams present One or more across the projectOne or more across the project


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Drilling MethodsDrilling Methods

Air DrillingAir DrillingLess Damage?Less Damage?Real time DSTReal time DST

Completion Problems?Completion Problems? Mud DrillingMud Drilling

May Cause Damage to CoalMay Cause Damage to Coal

CleatsCleatsHole Stability Greater?Hole Stability Greater?


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Types of CoringTypes of Coring

Conventional CoringConventional Coring Continuous CoringContinuous Coring

Sidewall CoringSidewall Coring

Drill SamplesDrill Samples


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Gas Detection MethodsGas Detection Methods

MudloggingMudlogging DesorptionDesorption

Lost GasLost Gas

Desorbed GasDesorbed GasResidual GasResidual Gas

AdsorptionAdsorption


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Lost GasLost Gas

Define gas lost while coringDefine gas lost while coring Method of coring importantMethod of coring important

Lost calculation related toLost calculation related topermeability of coalpermeability of coal -- unknownunknown


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Desorbed GasDesorbed Gas

Coal placed in sealed containerCoal placed in sealed container Gas drained off over timeGas drained off over time

Determine desorption curveDetermine desorption curverelated to permeability of coalrelated to permeability of coal

Length of time varies with everyLength of time varies with every

coalcoal one month to one yearone month to one year Quick gasQuick gas

Gas CompositionGas Composition


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Coal AnalysisCoal Analysis

ProximateProximate UltimateUltimate


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Estimation of SCF Per TonEstimation of SCF Per Ton

Lost GasLost Gas Desorbed GasDesorbed Gas

Proximate AnalysisProximate Analysis



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Purpose to determine how much gasPurpose to determine how much gascan actually be adsorbed on coalcan actually be adsorbed on coal

Gas composition importantGas composition important

Helps determine point of gasHelps determine point of gasproduction during the dewateringproduction during the dewatering

phasephase

Results create Langmuir curveResults create Langmuir curve

OptimisticOptimistic


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Langmuir CurveLangmuir Curve


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Permeability TestingPermeability Testing

Injection fallInjection fall--off proceduresoff procedures Below frac gradientBelow frac gradient

Gives permeability to water forGives permeability to water forzone of investigationzone of investigation

Potential distance from well borePotential distance from well bore

Helps define completion methodsHelps define completion methods Potentially predict production ratesPotentially predict production rates


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0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1E-005 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Permeability = 1.085 mD

Skin Factor = -1.05Radius of Investigation = 93 ft (28.3 m)

Dimens

ionlesspressu

re

Dimensionless time

Pressure Change

Pressure Derivative


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Additional ScienceAdditional Science

Clay MineralogyClay Mineralogy Maceral CompositionMaceral Composition

Vitrinite ReflectanceVitrinite Reflectance

Additional Log TypesAdditional Log Types DualDualInduction, Sonic,Induction, Sonic, MicrologMicrolog


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Pilot ProjectPilot Project ObjectivesObjectives

Determine water productionDetermine water productionratesrates Water chemistryWater chemistry

Potential gas ratePotential gas rate Optimal Well SpacingOptimal Well Spacing


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Pilot ProjectsPilot Projects -- TypesTypes

Single WellSingle Well Two to Four wellsTwo to Four wells Five wellsFive wells

Multiple wellsMultiple wells

Drilling MethodDrilling Method Completion MethodsCompletion Methods


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Pilot ProjectsPilot Projects -- TypesTypes

Single dataSingle data

points may notpoints may not

provide anyprovide any

reservoir data.reservoir data.


points maypoints may

mislead wheremislead where

the best areasthe best areas

are.are.




the best orthe best or

worst areasworst areas

are.are.





are.are.





are.are.

ConsCons

InexpensiveInexpensiveInexpensiveInexpensive

and provides aand provides a

quick answerquick answer

ModeratelyModerately

expensive yetexpensive yet

provides aprovides a

quick answerquick answer

RelativelyRelatively

inexpensive,inexpensive,

definesdefines

reservoirreservoir

characteristicscharacteristics

ModMod

expensively,expensively,

definesdefines

reservoirreservoir

characteristiccharacteristic

ProsPros

Single or DualSingle or Dual

Well PilotWell Pilot NoNo

Core and PermCore and Perm

DataData

Single or DualSingle or Dual

Well PilotWell Pilot

Core and PermCore and Perm

DataData

Five Well PilotFive Well Pilot

No Core andNo Core and

Perm DataPerm Data

Five Well PilotFive Well Pilot

Core andCore and

Perm DataPerm Data

ScatteredScattered

Single TestSingle Test

WellsWells CoreCore

and Perm Dataand Perm Data

ProgramProgram

ConfigurationConfiguration

Level of Development Within a BasinLevel of Development Within a BasinFrontierFrontier

DevelopmentDevelopment

MatureMature


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Completion TypesCompletion Types

Open HoleOpen Hole Cased HoleCased Hole

NaturalNatural UnderUnder--reamream

FracFrac WaterWater

FracFrac Water and SandWater and Sand

Frac with CrossFrac with Cross--Linked Gel and SandLinked Gel and Sand


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Water DisposalWater Disposal

Water ChemistryWater Chemistry Gas CompositionGas Composition Production volumesProduction volumes

Disposal on surfaceDisposal on surface

Environmental ComplianceEnvironmental Compliance

Affect other groundwater sourcesAffect other groundwater sources

Disposal undergroundDisposal undergroundDepth to disposal zoneDepth to disposal zoneRate of injectionRate of injection


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Pilot Project AssessmentPilot Project Assessment

Water production RatesWater production Rates Gas RatesGas Rates

Optimal Drilling MethodsOptimal Drilling Methods Optimal Completion MethodsOptimal Completion Methods

Optimal Well SpacingOptimal Well Spacing


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The End

Laboratory Drillling Completion Techniques Used in CBM PPTC SE Conference 2005

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