Laboratory Animal Facility Equipment LAT Chapter 6.
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Transcript of Laboratory Animal Facility Equipment LAT Chapter 6.
Laboratory Animal Facility Laboratory Animal Facility EquipmentEquipment
LAT Chapter 6
Chapter 6
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Chapter 6
Facility EquipmentFacility Equipment
• Animal rooms
• Mechanical areas
• Cage wash area
• Diet preparation
• Surgery suites
• Necropsy
• Incinerator facilities
• Equipment for unique
research needs
Chapter 6
Small Animal Room Set-upSmall Animal Room Set-up
Chapter 6
Water Treatment AreaWater Treatment Area
Chapter 6
Rack Washer & Cage WasherRack Washer & Cage Washer
Chapter 6
Prep, Surgery, RecoveryPrep, Surgery, Recovery
Chapter 6
Lab, NecropsyLab, Necropsy
Chapter 6
Animal Facility DesignsAnimal Facility Designs
• Non-husbandry-related functions About 25 percent of the total floor space
Legal requirements must be taken into account. • waste disposal, noise, odor control, and facility security
• Design determined by the nature of the research. safety of its employees, the animals, and the
surrounding community
• Space requirements and traffic flow
• Protection of the animals from common diseases
Chapter 6
Animal FacilityAnimal Facility
Chapter 6
Conventional FacilitiesConventional Facilities
• A conventional facility has no special design
provisions for “clean/dirty” traffic flow. The animal rooms have one doorway through which
clean items enter and dirty items exit.
• Properly directed air flow is important in any animal
facility. Negative air pressure inside, combined with positive
pressure outside, helps keep airborne contaminants
inside the room from reaching animals located in other
areas of a conventional facility.
Chapter 6
Circulation SharedCirculation Shared
Chapter 6
Clean/Dirty FacilityClean/Dirty Facility
• One-way traffic flow
• Each animal room has entrance and exit door. Entrance door leads from the clean corridor to the
animal room.
Exit door leads from animal room to a dirty corridor.
• Shower-in and shower-out may be required
• Air pressure: clean hallway => animal room
=>dirty hallway
Chapter 6
Circulation Clean/DirtyCirculation Clean/Dirty
Chapter 6
Barrier & Containment FacilitiesBarrier & Containment Facilities
• Barrier keeps contamination out.
• Containment keeps contamination inside.
• Keep the flow of traffic in one direction -
from clean to dirty.
• Germ-free barrier:• shower-in
• enter through one-way air lock
• protective apparel
• work done under a laminar flow hood
•all materials autoclaved
•waste out separate route
•air pressure positive to the
surrounding areas
Chapter 6
Circulation DirectionalCirculation Directional
Chapter 6
AirlockAirlock
Chapter 6
““Modified SPF” / ContainmentModified SPF” / Containment ~ Modified SPF ~
• a barrier with less stringent procedures• animals purchased only from SPF vendors
~ Containment ~• Requires protective apparel to protect the person. • Personnel may be required to shower-out.• Materials must be
decontaminated.• Negative air pressure • Air out may require
sterilization or HEPA filtration.
Chapter 6
Preventing Cross-ContaminationPreventing Cross-Contamination
• Protect from contamination: 1) Store feed, bedding and cages away from waste.
2) Wear protective clothing when working in animal areas.
3) Separate quarantine and receiving from animals on study.
4) Disinfect contaminated gloves, boots and equipment.
• Prevent allergen and pathogen exposure:1) Wear protective clothing while handling animals.
2) Remove contaminated protective clothing before entering
lunch rooms, offices etc.
3) Do not wear uniforms or work shoes home.
Chapter 6
Caging SystemsCaging Systems
permit freedom of movement and normal posture
identical housing for each animal on a study
weight and number of animals housed per cage
AWA, The Guide, USDA, PHS, AAALAC
comfortable, safe, escape-proof, with easy access to food
and water
ventilation and be kept dry and clean
materials sturdy, durable, smooth, impervious
inspection of occupants without disturbing them
normal interaction
Chapter 6
Primate UnitsPrimate Units
Chapter 6
Primate Units, TooPrimate Units, Too
Chapter 6
Rabbit RackRabbit Rack
Chapter 6
Caging Systems Caging Systems (Selection)(Selection)
• age, weight, and size of the species
• purpose for which it is to be used; short-term or long-term housing, individual or group
housing, collection of clinical or metabolic samples,
administration of test materials, or moving animals
from one location to another
• endure repeated use and sanitation and use in
a variety of research programs for long-term
applications
Chapter 6
Micro Isolator CageMicro Isolator Cage
Chapter 6
Solid / Wire Hanging CagesSolid / Wire Hanging Cages
Chapter 6
Caging Systems Caging Systems (Transport, Activity)(Transport, Activity)
• Transport Cages: Food or water is not usually provided.
Specialized transport cages fit up to opening of cage.
• Activity Cages: rodent - an attached wheel-shaped section
nonhuman primates - bars, ropes, swings, and
sometimes toys
dogs and other larger animals - runs
Chapter 6
Dog Feeder / Transport CagesDog Feeder / Transport Cages
Chapter 6
More Transport CagingMore Transport Caging
Chapter 6
Caging Systems Caging Systems (Recovery / Inhalation)(Recovery / Inhalation)
• Recovery Cages: to hold an animal after surgical manipulation.
• also called therapy cages or intensive care units
• heated floor, plexiglass door for easy viewing, can be fitted with
environmental controls, port access for IV therapy or physiological
monitors
• Inhalation Cage/Environmental Chambers: for exposure to test materials
• Test material in as a vapor, mist, or gas.
• Animals inhale the substance, pulmonary function measurements
can be performed.
Chapter 6
Restraint EquipmentRestraint Equipment
Holds animals securely but comfortably.
Used to collect samples or administer materials.
Collection and administration site access.
Allows techs use of both hands for procedure.
Complete sanitation between uses
Design depends on species and duration of restraint.
• Plastic rodent cylinders, cat bags, pig slings, and nonhuman
primate chairs are all classified as restraint equipment.
Favorable response if conditioned.
Keeps comfortable and stress-free.
Chapter 6
Restraint EquipmentRestraint Equipment
Chapter 6
Restraint ConeRestraint Cone
Chapter 6
Broome Restraint TubeBroome Restraint Tube
•Broome Restraint Tube
Chapter 6
StockinetteStockinette
•Stockinette Restraint
Chapter 6
Towel WrapTowel Wrap
•Towel Restraint
Chapter 6
Maintenance & Equipment Use Maintenance & Equipment Use
Equipment monitoring - air, fume hood, light, and water
Calibrate scales and maintain instruments.
Rotate equipment in storage.
Pre-rinsing • Urine precipitates form opaque scale.
• Use acid cleaners (descalers) before washing.
• 82.2°C surface temperature needed for effective sanitation.
Room cleaning • Tools are room-specific.
• Log or record cleaning schedules.
• All permanent surfaces in the room are sanitized.
Chapter 6
Room MonitorRoom Monitor
Chapter 6
Additional ReadingAdditional Reading
1.Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals. National Academy Press, Washington,
D.C., 1996.
2.The UFAW Handbook on the Care and
Management of Laboratory Animals, 6th Edition,
Trevor Poole, editor, 1987.