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Transcript of Labor Union Wages Working Conditions Benefits Job security, and other work related matters Is...
LABOR UNIONS
Labor Union
Wages Working Conditions Benefits Job security, and other work
related matters
Is an organization of workers who collectively seek to improve:
Strike
Work Stoppage
Craft Unions
Workers with similar skills who work in different industries for different employers
Industrial Unions
For workers with different skills who work in the same industry
National Trades Union (NTU), 1830’s _____________ national craft union
federation Did not last long
Knights of Labor
Founded by Uriah Stephens Organized workers by industry Included skilled & unskilled workers Included white men & minorities Adopted the following political
goals1. 8 – hour work day2. The end of child labor
American Federation of Labor Founded by Samuel Gompers Organization of craft unions
that focused on the interest of the skilled laborer
Bread & Butter Goals1. Shorter hours2. Higher wages3. Better working conditions
Congress of Industrial Organizations Organized unions for industrial
workers
International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union Most known for the march to T.
Roosevelt’s house w/ 80 children to emphasize the need for child labor laws
THE HOMESTEAD STRIKE
The Homestead Strike was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between
strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. The result was the union lost and unions suffered a major blow around the U.S.Carnegie Steel installed superior technology for the time to his
Homestead Plant in Pennsylvania allowing for unskilled workers to replace the skilled/union workers. The union wanted to protect
their jobs and ordered a slow-down.Henry Frick was the plant manager and believed that the
skilled/union workers were slowing down the production process and wanted to push back against the union. During negotiations, the union pushed for a raise, but Frick countered with a 22% pay reduction. When no agreement was reached, Frick locked out the union. The union was determined to keep the factory closed and started running patrols to make sure no strikebreakers could get
in. So Frick hired a security force from Pinkerton National Detective Agency to keep the factory open. A battle ensues
between the Pinkerton’s and the Union members. Pinkerton’s surrender, but Frick refused to negotiate and the State militia was
called in.
http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america/videos/homestead-strike?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
THE PULLMAN STRIKE
The Pullman Strike was a conflict between the new American Railway Union (ARU) and railroads that occurred in the US in 1894. It shut down
much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit. It began in the town of Pullman, Illinois when nearly 4,000 employees of the
Pullman Palace Car Comp. began a strike in response to reductions in wages.
Most factory workers who built Pullman cars lived in the planned worker community of Pullman, which Pullman had designed as a model
community, but which he controlled. When the company laid off workers, it did not reduce rents, and the workers called for a strike; they had not formed a union. When Pullman refused arbitration the ARU (Eugene V. Debs) called for a strike against the factory, but it showed no sign of
success. To win the strike, Debs decided to stop the movement of Pullman cars on railroads. The over-the-rail Pullman employees (such as conductors and porters) did not go on strike. Debs and the ARU then called a massive
boycott that affected most lines west of Detroit and involved some 250,000 workers in 27 states at its peak.
Riots and sabotage caused $80 million in damages; 30 people were killed. The federal government secured an injunction against the union to stop interfering with trains that carried mail cars. They refused and the Army moved in to stop the strikers from obstructing the trains. Violence broke
out in many cities, and the strike collapsed. Debs went to prison for violating a court order and his ARU disappeared.
http://on.aol.com/video/impact-of-the-pullman-strike-300994006
Haymarket SquareThe Haymarket riot was a demonstration and unrest that took place on
Tuesday May 4, 1886, at the Haymarket Square in Chicago. It began as a rally in support of striking workers. An unknown person threw a bomb at police as they dispersed the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing
gunfire resulted in the deaths of eight police officers and an unknown number of civilians.
Union membership started to DECLINE due to the VIOLENT nature of these
strikes.
The synopsis of these three strikes?
1. They were all unsuccessful2. They turned violent
3. They drove down union membership
Slowly, new labor organizations started to form that found strength in numbers.
However, when the Great Depression hit, unions lost membership due to the unemployment rate, but
gained power because of legislation passed as part of the New Deal.
http://www.cqpress.com/context/constitution/images/coaz4d_im203.jpg
Unions Gain Power
Norris – LaGuardia Act Outlawed the practice of hiring
only workers who agreed NOT to join a union
Employers had to allow workers to organize if they wanted to
National Labor Relations Act Known as the Wagner Act Protected the rights of workers in
the private sector to form unions & to use strikes
Gained right to collectively bargain Negotiating between businesses and
their organized employees to establish wages & to improve working conditions
Fair Labor Standards Act
Set a minimum wage Required extra pay for overtime Made most child labor illegal
Tactics Unions used:
Closed Shop A business required to hire only
union members
Union Shop A business where workers are
required to join a union within a set time period after being hired
What happened to unions after WWII?
President Truman passed a series of anti-union legislation including the Taft-Hartley Act which limited union activities and increased government’s power to
intervene during strikes.
Also, due to the Red Scare of the late 40’s and early 50’s, the US wanted to get rid of all Communist-related groups, which sometimes included labor unions
Taft – Hartley Act
Limited union activities Increased the government’s
power to intervene if a strike might threaten national security
Landrum – Griffin Act
Forbade communists from holding union offices
Required tighter financial and electoral accounting
Union’s Steady Decline
1. Unions’ tarnished reputations2. Changes in the labor force3. Laws restricting union influence
Right-to-work laws emphasize that workers are free not to join a union
Most right-to-work states are in the south and central west
Binding Arbitration
Decision by a neutral third party that each side agrees ahead of time to accept
Injunction
Government forcing you back to work
UNEMPLOYMENT
What two qualifications must a person have to considered
unemployed? (16+ years old)?
1. NOT WORKING, BUT ARE ABLE TO WORK
2. HAVE LOOKED FOR WORK SOMETIME IN THE PREVIOUS FOUR WEEKS
Are people who have given up looking for work considered unemployed? ______________NO
Are people who work part – time considered unemployed?
________________NO
FORMULA: Unemployment Rate = number unemployed
U.S. labor force
*To be included in the labor force you must be considered employed or unemployed!*
What is the approximate number of people in the U.S. labor force?
____________________
*Considering our population is well over 250 million people,
they make a lot of them disappear!*
154 MILLION (2012)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE:
The percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively looking for work
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys 60,000 households each month to determine this number.
Our current unemployment rate:
6.6%Highest unemployment rate during the Great
Depression:25%
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXMYdWM8fAw
Frictionally unemployed
Temporary unemployment experienced by people changing jobs
Structurally unemployed
Jobs exist, but workers looking for work do not have the necessary skills for these jobs
New technology, outsourcing, etc
Cyclical unemployment
Unemployment caused by a part of the business cycle with decreased economic activity
Seasonal Unemployment
Unemployment linked to seasonal work.
FULL EMPLOYMENT:No unemployment due to increased economic activity (4-6%)
Underemployed
People employed part-time who want to work full-time, or those who work at a job below their skill level
Part Ihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_
KfxaRilm4Y Part IIhttp://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBryLpE8gt4
Assignment #7 Undercounting Unemployment
Extra Unemployment Videos
CBS: Trapped in Unemploymenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKajVjasp84
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLlrn3_G1ZQ
Generation jobless: ‘Millennials’
West Seneca has a population of 23,000. Of that 23,000:________ a. 9,300 work as paid employees._______ b. 3,200 are unemployed, but are looking for work.______ c. 2,500 are unemployed and have given up looking for work._______ d. 187 are retired and go fishing daily. _______ 1. How many people would be included in the
workforce?
9,300 + 3,200 = 12,500 (E + U = Labor Force)
_______ 2. What is the unemployment rate for the town?
3200 / 12500 x 100 = 25.6%
______ 3. How many people from above would be considered discouraged workers?
EUNCNC
12,500
25.6%
2,500
Niagara County has a population of 1,800,000. Of that:
________ a. 80,000 are retired and are not looking for work.________ b. 640,000 work as paid employees.________ c. 37,500 are laid off and are waiting to be called back to work.________ d. 75,000 are unemployed and have given up looking for work in the area. ________ 1. How many people make up the workforce?
640,000 + 37,500 = 677,500
________ 2. What is the unemployment rate for the county?
37,500 / 677,500 x 100 = 5.5%
5.5%
677,500
NCEU
NC
Many members of the Senior Class at Hamburg High School are now employed. Of the kids in the class:_______ a. 15 have recently applied for a job and have not been hired._______ b. 150 are employed part-time._______ c. 35 don’t work, aren’t interested in work, never want to work and sit at home milking their parents of their hard earned income while playing Call of Duty or dancing to the Michael Jackson Experience. _______ 1. How many people make up the workforce?
150 + 15 = 165
_______ 2. How many would be considered unemployed?_______ 3. What is the unemployment rate?
15 / 165 x 100 = 9.1%
15
165
NCE
U
9.1%