Label Muscles for Spreadsheet

1

Origin and Insertion

• Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue.

• Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

3

Frontalis

• Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis

• Insertion: Skin over forehead

• Action: Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

Epicranial Aponeurosis

4

Occipitalis

• Origin: Occipital and temporal bones

• Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis

• Action: Fixes epicranial aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

5

Orbicularis Oculi

• Origin: Medial orbital margin and zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Skin surrounding eye

• Action: Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead

6

Temporalis

• Origin: Temporal fossa

• Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

• Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

• Is a synergist with the masseter

7

Masseter

• Origin: Zygomatic process and arch

• Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible

• Chewing Muscle

8

Orbicularis Oris

• Origin: By muscular skips to surround muscles

• Insertion: Muscles interlace to surround mouth

• Action: Closes and purses lips

• The “Kissing” muscle

9

• Origin: Zygomatic arch

• Insertion: Corner of mouth

• Action: Elevates corner of mouth

Zygomaticus Major

10

• Origin: Fascia of masseter

• Insertion: Corner of mouth

• Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally

Risorius

MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK

12

Platysma

• Origin: Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles

• Insertion: tissue around mouth

• Action: pulls corners of mouth anteriorly

13

• Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle

• Insertion: Mastoid process

• Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column

Sternocleidomastoid

14

Trapezius

• Origin: External occipital protuberance, and spinous process of C7-T12

• Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle

• Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

15

Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

• Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward

16

• Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4

• Insertion: Superior angle spine of scapula

• Action: Elevates scapula

Levator Scapula

17

• Origin: Spinous process of T1-5 and supraspinous ligament

• Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula

• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Rhomboid Major

18

• Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1

• Insertion: Medial border of scapula at base of spine

• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Rhomboid Minor

19

• Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs

• Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula

• Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus

Serratus Anterior

20

• Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12

• Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae

• Action: Extension of vertebral column

Erector Spinae

MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL

22

• Origin: Inferior border of rib above

• Insertion: Superior border of rib below

• Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration

External Intercostal

23

• Origin: Superior border of rib below

• Insertion: Inferior border of rib above

• Action: Depresses rib cage during expiration

Internal Intercostal

24

Pectoralis Major

• Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

• Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus

• Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing

25

• Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5

• Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

• Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

Pectoralis Minor

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

27

• Origin: Pubic symphysis and crest of pubis

• Insertion: Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7

• Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column

Rectus Abdominus

28

• Origin: External surface of lower 8 ribs

• Insertion: Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba

• Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

External Abdominal Oblique

29

• Origin: Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

• Insertion: Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis

• Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

Internal Abdominal Oblique

30

• Origin: Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

• Insertion: Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis

• Action: Compresses abdomen

Transverse Abdominis

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER AND ARM

32

• Origin: Anterior surface, lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula

• Insertion: Deltoid tubercle of humerus

• Action: Abducts humerus; aids in flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation

Deltoid

33

• Origin: Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

• Action: Abducts humerus

Supraspinatus

34

• Origin: Infraspinous fossa


• Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Infraspinatus

35

• Origin: Axillary border of scapula


• Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Teres Minor

36

• Origin: Axillary border at inferior angle of scapula

• Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus

• Action: Extends, adduction and medial rotates humerus.

Teres Major

37

• Origin: Subscapular fossa

• Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

• Action: Rotates humerus medially

Subscapularis

38

• Origin: Long head, supraglenoid tubercle;Short head, coracoid process scapula

• Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius

• Action: Flexes radius and humerus, and supinates forearm

Biceps BrachiiShort Head Long

Head

39

• Origin: Long head, infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head, proximal portion of posterior humerus; Medial head, distal half of posterior humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

• Action: Extends humerus and ulna

Triceps Brachii Long Head

Lateral Head

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM

41

• Origin: Anterior distal two-thirds of humerus

• Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

• Action: Flexes ulna

Brachialis

42

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

• Insertion: Middle portion of radius

• Action: Pronates and flexes forearm

Pronator Teres

Anterior, Superficial Layer

43

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of second metacarpal

• Action: Flexes wrist and elbow and abducts wrist

Flexor Carpi Radialis


44

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

• Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

• Action: Weak flexion of wrist, tenses skin of palm

Palmaris Longus


45

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process, & posterior ulna

• Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, and fifth metacarpal

• Action: Flexes and adducts wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris


MUSCLES OF POSTEROLATERAL FOREARM

47

• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge

• Insertion: Styloid process of radius

• Action: Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis

Posterior, Superficial Layer

48

• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

• Insertion: Second metacarpal

• Action: Extends and abducts hand

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus


49

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Third metacarpal

• Action: Extends and abducts hand

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis


50

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Into distal phalanx by 4 tendons

• Action: Extends fingers and hand

Extensor Digitorum


51

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

• Insertion: Fifth metacarpal

• Action: Extends and adducts hand

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris


52

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna

• Insertion: Lateral surface and posterior border of radius

• Action: Supinates forearm

Supinator

Posterior, Deepest Layer

MUSCLES OF DEEP BACK AND GLUTEAL REGION

54

• Origin: Upper portion of ilium, the sacrum and coccyx

• Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

• Action: Principal extensor and lateral rotator of femur

Gluteus Maximus

55

• Origin: Middle portion of ilium Insertion: Oblique ridge on greater trochanter of femur

• Action: Abducts femur, stabilizes contralateral hip while standing on one leg

Gluteus Medius

56

• Origin: Transverse processes of bodies of lumbar vertebrae

• Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus

• Action: Flexes trunk and flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Psoas Major

57

• Origin: Iliac fossa and lateral margin of sacrum

• Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major

• Action: Flexes and laterally rotates femur

Iliacus

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

59

• Origin: Long head, ischial tuberosity;Short head, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

• Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

• Action: Extends femur and flexes leg

Biceps Femoris

Long Head

Short Head

60

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia


Semitendinosus

61

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia


Semimembranosus

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

63

• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: Medial margin of tibial tuberosity

• Action: Flexes both femur and tibia

Sartorius

64

• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and upper margin of acetabulum

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

• Action: Extends tibia and flexes femur

Rectus Femoris

65

• Origin: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur


• Action: Extends tibia

Vastus Lateralis

66

• Origin: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur



Vastus Medialis

67

• Origin: Upper shaft of femur



Vastus Intermedius

68

• Origin: Inferior pubic ramus

• Insertion: Upper part of linea aspera

• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates femur

Adductor Brevis

69

• Origin: Between pubic rami near symphysis

• Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera

• Action: Adducts, flexes & medially rotates femur

Adductor Longus

70

• Origin: Pubic arch and ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle

• Action: Adducts, flexes, and laterally and medially rotates femur

Adductor Magnus

71

• Origin: Inferior pubis near symphysis

• Insertion: Upper portion of tibia

• Action: Adducts, flexes, medially rotates tibia

Gracilis

72

Tensor Fasciae Latae

• Origin: Iliac crest

• Insertion: Iliotibial tract

• Action: Flexes thigh, stabilizes knee

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG

74

• Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur

• Insertion: With soleus into calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Flexes tibia and plantar; flexes foot

Gastrocnemius

Superficial

75

• Origin: Upper third of fibula and soleal line of tibia

• Insertion: With gastrocnemius into calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Flexes foot

Soleus

Second Layer

76

• Origin: Upper half of tibia and interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Base of first cuneiform and first metatarsal

• Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Tibialis Anterior

77

• Origin: Tibia, proximal three-fourths of fibula, & interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Tendons to middle & terminal phalanges of four lateral toes by extensor expansion

• Action: Dorsiflexes foot and extends toes

Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon

78

• Origin: Upper two-thirds of fibula and intermuscular septa

• Insertion: Plantar base of first metatarsal and first cuneiform and

• Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot

Fibularis Longus

79

• Origin: Lower two-thirds of fibula

• Insertion: Plantar base of fifth metatarsal

• Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot

Fibularis Brevis

Label Muscles for Spreadsheet

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