University of SulaimaniaSchool of ScienceDepartment of Biology2nd Class Year

Practical Entomology 2011-2012

Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur

10th Lab. Insect Metamorphosis

and Life Cycle

Objective

• This Lab. aim to give basic knowledge about insect metamorphosis.

• Provide familiarities about Holometabolous and non holometabolous insects.

MetamorphosisMetamorphosis• Ecologically similar larvae and adultsEcologically similar larvae and adults

– ““Ametabola” = Egg–young–adultAmetabola” = Egg–young–adult• Silverfish, Firebrat.Silverfish, Firebrat.

– ““Paurometabola” = Egg–larva–adultPaurometabola” = Egg–larva–adult

Cockroaches, Grasshoppers, Crickets, Pray Mantis, Stick-like Cockroaches, Grasshoppers, Crickets, Pray Mantis, Stick-like and leaf-like insects, Termites, Earwigs, Aphids, True Bugs, and leaf-like insects, Termites, Earwigs, Aphids, True Bugs, Cicadas, Lice. Cicadas, Lice.

• Ecologically different larvae and adultsEcologically different larvae and adults– ““Hemimetabola” = Egg–larva–adultHemimetabola” = Egg–larva–adult

• Mayfly, Dragonfly, Damselfly, Stonefly.Mayfly, Dragonfly, Damselfly, Stonefly.

– Holometabola = Egg–larva–pupa–adultHolometabola = Egg–larva–pupa–adult• Aphidlion, Antlion, Beetles, Butterflies, Moths, Caddisfly, Flies, Aphidlion, Antlion, Beetles, Butterflies, Moths, Caddisfly, Flies,

Mosquitoes, Bees, Wasps, Ants. Mosquitoes, Bees, Wasps, Ants.

Ametabolous (No metamorphic)

Firebrat & Silverfish

Paurometabola

Paurometabola

Hemimetabola Mayfly

HemimetabolaDamselfly

HemimetabolaDragonfly

References

• Imes, Rick. (2000). Beginner’s guide to Entomology. London. Chancellor Press, 160 pp.

• Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer, Dordrecht., The Netherlands. 831 pp.

• Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 3, Insects, edited by Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Rosser W. Garrison,

• Resh, Vincent H. & Cardé, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.

• Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.