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Transcript of Lab and Chemical Safety
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Safety in Laboratory &
Chemical Safety
Assoc Prof Dr. Ir. Nassereldeen AhmedKabbashi
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Safe lab environments are dependent upon both you
and your colleagues. Everyone must work together to
ensure the safety of yourself, your colleagues, and
your students.
Because laboratories involve numerous chemicals,
procedures, and operations, they require extensivesafety precautions. This course provides an overview
of some of the safety precautions you can practice in
order to create a safe lab environment.
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Emergency Plan
Take note of the location of the: Safety Showers
Safety Eye Washes
Emergency Exits
Fire Extinguishers
Emergency Electrical
Cutoff Switch
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Continue..
Knowing the emergency action plan and thelocation of safety equipment could prevent a
minor emergency from turning into a major
emergency.
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General rules to follow when handling
glassware
Accidents involving glassware are the leading
cause of laboratory injuries.
To reduce the chance of cuts or punctures, use
common sense when working with glassware.
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Continue..
Prevent damage to glassware during handling and storage.Inspect glassware before and after each use. Discard or repair
any cracked, broken, or damaged glassware.Thoroughly clean and decontaminate glassware after each
use.When inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers, corks, or
tubing, follow these guidelines: Use adequate hand protection.
Lubricate the tubing.
Hold hands close together to minimize movement if the glass breaks.Never use laboratory glassware to serve food or drinks
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Guidelines for disposing of broken glass
Do not pick up broken glass with bare orunprotected hands.
Use a brush and dust pan to clean up broken
glass.Remove broken glass in sinks by using tongs
for large pieces and cotton held by tongs for
small pieces and slivers.Place all the recovered broken glass into thebroken glass container.
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CHEMICAL
STORAGE
AREA
Continue:Continue:
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ChemicalChemical
ProcurementProcurement
ChemicalChemical
ProcurementProcurement
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BeforeBefore chemicals are ordered, the following questions should be considered:chemicals are ordered, the following questions should be considered:
What is the minimum
quantity needed
to complete the experiment?
ChemicalChemical
ProcurementProcurementWhat is the least hazardous
chemical available that can be
used?
Is the chemical alreadyavailable? Check yourlaboratory chemical
inventory.
How should the
chemical be stored?
Is the laboratory
equipped to handle
a spill?
Are personnel trained on
how to safely handle the
chemical?
CHEMICAL
STORAGE
AREA
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ChemicalChemical
StorageStorage
ChemicalChemical
StorageStorage
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This section will first discuss general considerationsThis section will first discuss general considerationsand requirements for chemical storage.and requirements for chemical storage.
Next, it will provide specific information for theNext, it will provide specific information for thestorage of chemicals by hazard class.storage of chemicals by hazard class.
Chemical StorageChemical Storage
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There must be an inventory list of hazardous chemicalsThere must be an inventory list of hazardous chemicals
as defined in Chemical Hygiene Plan.as defined in Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Chemical containers must be labeled with a minimumChemical containers must be labeled with a minimumof chemical name, hazard warnings and target organs.of chemical name, hazard warnings and target organs.
Containers shall be dated when received and opened.Containers shall be dated when received and opened.Accompanying material safety data sheets must be kept.Accompanying material safety data sheets must be kept.
Chemical Storage-Chemical Storage-RequirementsRequirements
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Chemical StorageChemical Storage
Plan ahead for spills, accidents or emergencies.Plan ahead for spills, accidents or emergencies.
Be aware of special storage conditions such asBe aware of special storage conditions such as
temperature, relative humidity or limited shelf life.temperature, relative humidity or limited shelf life.
Segregate chemicals by hazard class or compatibility.Segregate chemicals by hazard class or compatibility.
GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:
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If available, use ventilated cabinets for volatileIf available, use ventilated cabinets for volatile
toxics and odoriferous chemicals.toxics and odoriferous chemicals.
Use approved flammable storage cabinets forUse approved flammable storage cabinets for
flammable liquids.flammable liquids.
Use secondary containers or trays for corrosivesUse secondary containers or trays for corrosives
and toxic solvents.and toxic solvents.
Chemical StorageChemical StorageGeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:
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When refrigerating flammables,When refrigerating flammables, onlyonly use refrigeratorsuse refrigeratorsspecifically designed for flammable materials.specifically designed for flammable materials.
DoDo notnot store food in chemical storage refrigerators.store food in chemical storage refrigerators.
Label chemical storage refrigerators with the following:Label chemical storage refrigerators with the following:
No FoodNo Food Chemical Storage Only Chemical Storage Only
Chemical StorageChemical StorageGeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:
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Avoid storing liquid chemicals above eye level.Avoid storing liquid chemicals above eye level.
Avoid storing chemicals in aisle ways.Avoid storing chemicals in aisle ways.Avoid over stocking shelves.Avoid over stocking shelves.
Avoid storing heavy containers above shoulder level.Avoid storing heavy containers above shoulder level.
Avoid storing chemicals in fume hoods or on counter tops.Avoid storing chemicals in fume hoods or on counter tops.
Avoid storing chemicals near sources of heat or in directAvoid storing chemicals near sources of heat or in direct
sunshine.sunshine.
Chemical StorageChemical StorageGeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:
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At a minimum, chemicals should be segregated as:At a minimum, chemicals should be segregated as:
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage
Hazard ClassHazard ClassCorrosivesCorrosives
Flammable LiquidsFlammable Liquids
OxidizersOxidizers
Poisons or Toxic ChemicalsPoisons or Toxic Chemicals
Reactive (water or time sensitive)Reactive (water or time sensitive)
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Store concentrated acids and bases separately.Store concentrated acids and bases separately.
Keep corrosives away from organic chemicals andKeep corrosives away from organic chemicals andcombustible materials.combustible materials.
Use secondary catch basins for concentrated acidsUse secondary catch basins for concentrated acidsand bases.and bases.
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage CorrCorrosivessives
OHOH--HH++
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The Ohio Fire Code regulates storage based onThe Ohio Fire Code regulates storage based on
occupancy, classification, building construction,occupancy, classification, building construction,
availability of flammable storage cabinets, quantitiesavailability of flammable storage cabinets, quantitiesand location of the laboratory.and location of the laboratory. Appendix JAppendix J of theof the
chemical hygiene plan provides a summary of the firechemical hygiene plan provides a summary of the fire
codes. Contact thecodes. Contact the Department of Public SafetyDepartment of Public Safety (7-(7-
6300) for assistance with the interpretation of the fire6300) for assistance with the interpretation of the firecodes.codes.
ChemicalChemical
Storage Storage
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdfhttp://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://69.42.73.66/netfu/tmp10020/coollogo_com_321052124.gifhttp://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdf -
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Store oxidizers away from flammable and combustibleStore oxidizers away from flammable and combustiblematerials.materials.
Store oxidizers away from reducing agents.Store oxidizers away from reducing agents.
Maintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofMaintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofunneeded material immediately.unneeded material immediately.
See tableSee table 1212 of the chemical hygiene plan for a partial list ofof the chemical hygiene plan for a partial list ofoxidizers.oxidizers.
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage xidizersxidizers
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdf -
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Store highly toxic materials in a dedicated storage fume hood.Store highly toxic materials in a dedicated storage fume hood.
Maintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofMaintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose of
unneeded material immediately.unneeded material immediately.
Store in unbreakable containers or use secondary containers.Store in unbreakable containers or use secondary containers.
Label storage areas with designated area signs.Label storage areas with designated area signs.
See tablesSee tables 99,, 1010,, 1111 andand 1313 of the chemical hygiene plan forof the chemical hygiene plan forpartial lists of toxic chemicals, carcinogens and reproductivepartial lists of toxic chemicals, carcinogens and reproductivetoxins.toxins.
Chemical StorageChemical Storage ToTo
ic Chemicalsic Chemicals
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdf -
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Consult the MSDS and labels for storage information.Consult the MSDS and labels for storage information.
Bring only quantities needed for immediate use into theBring only quantities needed for immediate use into the
laboratory.laboratory.
Date all reactive chemicals as soon as they are received.Date all reactive chemicals as soon as they are received.
Do not open material after the expiration date.Do not open material after the expiration date.
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage
ReactiveReactive
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Store pyrophoric chemicals away from flammables.
Store perchloric acid away from reducing agents.
Store perchloric acid bottles in glass or ceramic trays.
Store peroxidizable materials away from heat and light.
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage
ReactiveReactive
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Store water reactive chemicals away from allStore water reactive chemicals away from all
sources of water or in water tight containers.sources of water or in water tight containers.
Store thermally unstable chemicals in approvedStore thermally unstable chemicals in approvedrefrigerators.refrigerators.
Consider explosion relief boxes for highly sensitiveConsider explosion relief boxes for highly sensitivematerials.materials.
Restrict access to the storage area.Restrict access to the storage area.
Chemical Storage Chemical Storage
ReactiveReactive
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ChemicalChemical
TransportingTransporting
ChemicalChemical
TransportingTransporting
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If chemicals are transferred to a second container, make
sure the new container is labeled with the chemical name.
Use secondary containers, with handles, made of rubber,plastic or metal.
Secondary containers should be large enough to contain all
of the chemical contents.
Transporting ChemicalsTransporting Chemicals
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Make sure the pathway is clear of obstructions and tripping hazards.Make sure the pathway is clear of obstructions and tripping hazards.
Plan ahead for spills.Plan ahead for spills.
Transport only the quantity needed to complete the experiment.Transport only the quantity needed to complete the experiment.
Use sturdy carts when transporting heavy containers or transportingUse sturdy carts when transporting heavy containers or transporting
over long distances.over long distances.
Transporting ChemicalsTransporting Chemicals
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ChemicalChemical
ManipulationManipulation
ChemicalChemical
ManipulationManipulation
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Be familiar with chemical properties and products of chemicalBe familiar with chemical properties and products of chemicalreactions.reactions.
Be prepared for chemical spills and clean up spills immediately.Be prepared for chemical spills and clean up spills immediately.
Plan ahead have apparatus and associated equipment readyPlan ahead have apparatus and associated equipment ready
before chemicals are used.before chemicals are used.
Use the appropriate equipment, such as funnels, beakers andUse the appropriate equipment, such as funnels, beakers and
spatulas when transferring chemicals.spatulas when transferring chemicals.
Chemical ManipulationChemical Manipulation
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Use chemical fume hoods to control exposure as chemicals areUse chemical fume hoods to control exposure as chemicals aretransferred.transferred.
Use chemical fume hoods to control exposure duringUse chemical fume hoods to control exposure during
the experiment.the experiment.
Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (chemicalWear the appropriate personal protective equipment (chemical
splash goggles, gloves, etc.).splash goggles, gloves, etc.).
Have disposal containers ready ahead of time.Have disposal containers ready ahead of time.
Chemical ManipulationChemical Manipulation
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3535
ChemicalChemicalDisposal &Disposal &
RecyclingRecycling
ChemicalChemicalDisposal &Disposal &
RecyclingRecycling
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Chemical Hygiene Plan
Objectives
Reduce number of lab accidents
Achieve OSHA compliance
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What categories of
chemicals are is use?
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Purpose and Policy
Purpose:
Ensure that the hazards are evaluated
Convey information to employees
Policy:
Everyone is entitled to a safe and healthy place
to work, and
Everyone has a right to know what you may be
exposed to and how to protect yourself
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Employer Responsibilities
Develop and implement a written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
Inventory all hazardous materials on campus and acquire all necessary
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Identify hazards by labeling chemicals using MSDSs
Train employees on physical and health hazards and protective measures
Provide medical monitoring for employees
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Employee Responsibilities
Follow all procedures and policies relating to chemicals and followappropriate laboratory procedures and rules as outlined in the
Chemical Hygiene Plan
Refrain from operations without proper instruction and/orauthorization
Seek out and request information
Wear appropriate protective equipment
Report accidents and near-misses immediately, even minor injuries
or exposures
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Administrative Controls
Assign a Chemical Hygiene Officer
Manager of Environmental Health and SafetyEnsure lab supervisors know their
responsibilities under the Chemical
Hygiene Plan
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Engineering Controls
Fume Hoods
Biosafety Cabinets
Substitution
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Other Control Measures
Protective Equipment
Respirators, goggles, gloves, lab coats
Safety Equipment Safety showers, eyewashes, fire
extinguishers, first aid kits, explosion-
proof refrigerators
Laboratory Maintenance andInspection
Safety inspections, fume hood condition,
chemical storage, spill kits, etc.
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Exposure Assessments
Initial monitoring with: Signs or symptoms of
overexposure You suspect exposure limits
have been exceeded
Periodic monitoring: Determined & carried out by
EHS Dept.
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Regulated Waste Management
Wastes Considered
Non-Hazardous
Hazardous
Liquid Industrial
Universal
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Hazardous Chemical Inventories
An inventory ofhazardous chemicals isrequired for each lab
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Hazardous Chemicals Locations On
Campus May Include:
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Hazardous Chemicals In Laboratories
May Consist Of:
Corrosives - Nitric Acid
Oxidizers - Silver Nitrate
General OrganicCompounds - Aniline
Caustics - Calcium Oxide
Reactive Metals - Sodium
Explosive Anhydrides andAnhydrous Compounds -Sodium Peroxide
Ketones - Acetone
Poisons - PotassiumCyanide
General InorganicCompounds - CalciumCarbide
Flammable Metals -Magnesium
Flammables - Ethanol,Butanol, Ethyl Ether
Carcinogens -Formaldehyde
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Labels - Basics
Identity of the hazardous chemical(s)
Appropriate hazard warnings
Name, address, and emergency telephonenumber of the chemical manufacturer or other
responsible party
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Labels - Other Information
Appropriate protective equipment Carcinogenicity warning if applicable
Signal word - Danger!, Warning!, or Caution! Statement of hazard
Instructions in case of contact or exposure First-Aid or antidote
Instructions in case of fire, spill, or leak
Instructions for container handling and storage
Never remove label, and if transferred to a secondary container,label it with appropriate information - chemical name, etc.
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HMIS Label - Example
Secondary Labeling System
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HMIS Label - Example
Secondary Labeling System
CARCINOGEN
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Labels - Example
Plate-X Gold Plating Solution
DANGER !May be harmful or fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed
through the skin.
Do not breathe vapor or mist. Do not get into eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Exposure may cause weakness, headache, cyanosis, loss of
consciousness, respiratory arrest, or death.
Target organs - blood, metabolic enzymes, skin, lungs. Physicians - treat exposed victims for cyanide poisoning. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for additional Information.
ABC Chemical Company
Hazard Drive111
Anywhere, NY11111
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Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs) Chemical document put out by
manufacturer detailing physical
and health hazards
One for every hazardous chemicalon campus
Master file located inEHS Dept.
Review before working with anychemical
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Information on MSDSs
Identity and date of
preparation
Manufacturers name,
address, and telephone
number
Hazardous ingredients
Physical and chemical
properties - flash pt.,
appearance and odor, etc.
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Information on MSDSs
Control measures
Physical hazards
Routes of entry intobody
Acute and chronichealth effects
Carcinogenicity Handling and storage
precautions
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Fire Prevention
The best method of fire fighting is takingprecautions to prevent one from occurring in the first
place and being prepared if a fire in the lab shouldoccur.
Ways to prevent fires are:Have good housekeeping practices.Use the smallest amount of flammable solventspossible.
Keep the flammable solvents away from ignitionsources.Store flammables in a flammable storage cabinet
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i d
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Fire Procedure
If and when a fire should occur dont panic, just simply:Alert the people around you to evacuate the lab and
activate the fire alarm.If the fire is large or you do not feel comfortable trying to
extinguish it, GET OUT, and let the professionals do theirjob.If it is a small controllable fire, either smother the fire or
use the correct fire extinguisher associated with the typeof fire.
If trying to extinguish the fire always stay on the exit sideof the fire.Report the incident to the appropriate supervisors.
P l P i E i
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Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is not requiredjust because it makes you look GOOFY. It is there togive you added protection against any accidents thatmay occur while working in the lab
There are several different types of PPE but you shouldalways wear what is appropriate for your lab.
Safety Glasses or Chemical Goggles
Lab Coat or ApronGloves
S f t Gl d Ch i l G l
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Safety Glasses and Chemical Goggles
Safety glasses and chemical goggles are not the same
thing!Safety glasses protect your eyes from any type of flying
debris.Chemical goggles can protect your eyes from flying
debris. They also keep vapors, dust, and splashedchemicals from getting into your eyes.All eye protection must be ANSI approved ( Z87.1 is
stamped on the sidebar of ANSI approved eyewear).If your prescription eyewear is not ANSI approved, then
approved safety glasses, goggles, or a face shield must beworn over them.
Gl
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Gloves
When necessary gloves are a crucial component in
keeping the chemicals away from your skin. But be
careful! Just because you have gloves on doesnt
mean youre safe.Choose gloves that provide the proper protection and
limit the time you are in contact with the chemical.
It is always a good idea to frequently change out your
gloves when working with hazardous chemicals.
F H d
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Fume Hoods
Fume Hoods are an essentialcomponent in the lab when itcomes to protecting yourselffrom potentially harmful fumes.
How does a fume hood work?A fume hood simply draws air
from the room into the hoodwhere it mixes and dilutes the
potentially harmful fumes andthen vents into the atmosphere.
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Continue.
In order for fume hoods to work properly certainprocedures need to be followed.
Reduce the amount of movement around the
front of the hood. Any movements can disruptthe air flow.
Keep the front sash at or below the safe sash-
opening marker.
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El t i l & Ph i l H d
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Electrical & Physical Hazards
Electrical and Physical Hazards are present inevery lab, but in order to control them it is good
to know what they are and where they are located
in a lab. Stay alert and always keep in mind where these
hazards exist.
Good housekeeping practices also play a role inpreventing these hazards.
G l L b t R l
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General Laboratory Rules
No open toed shoes or flip-flops. No shorts or loose fitting clothes.
No loose long hair (must be pulled back into
ponytail).
Know about the chemicals and hazards associated
with your laboratory.
Know what to do in emergency situations.
Know how to read and interpret MSDSs.
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Continue.
Wear personal protective equipment, asappropriate.
Never work alone in the laboratory.
Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products in thelaboratory.
Keep lab doors closed.
Hallways, corridors, and exit ways must be keptclear. Do not locate (even temporarily)laboratory equipment or supplies in these areas.
The OSHA Laboratory Standard
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The OSHA Laboratory Standard
The OSHA Laboratory Standard, found at29 CFR 1910.1450, sets forth, as law, rules forEMPLOYERS engaged in laboratory use of hazardouschemicals (definition coming up). Their definition of labuse is not completely intuitive, and must be carefully
considered before a particular workplace may beconsidered as involving laboratory use. Quite a bit of thechemical use and handling here at the University, even inacademic departments, is NOT laboratory use, and istherefore subject to a different set of rules.
Maintenance shops, glassblowing, Stores, teaching prepand demo facilities, instrumentation facilities.... (PS"chemicals" includes formulations such as paints,inks, cleaning agents, solder and flux, pump oil.....)
The OSHA Laboratory Standard
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106&p_text_version=FALSEhttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106&p_text_version=FALSEhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htm -
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The OSHA Laboratory Standard
The OSHA Lab Standard, a regulation writtenespeically for laboratories (but not the only
regulation applying to lab) defines "
laboratory use of hazardous chemicals," and setsforth exactly what an employer is required to do
about protecting against occupational chemical
exposure. Most of it centers on the requirements
for an employer-written policy document, called
the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP).
L b t
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htm -
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Laboratory use
"Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" means handlingor use of such chemicals in which all of the followingconditions are met:
(i) Chemical manipulations are carried out on a "
laboratory scale;(ii) Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used;
(iii) The procedures involved are not part of a productionprocess, nor in any way simulate a production process; and
(iv) "Protective laboratory practices and equipment" areavailable and in common use to minimize the potential foremployee exposure to hazardous chemicals.
R l f B i L b t S f t
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Rules for Basic Laboratory Safety
Safety goggles must be worn at all times in the laboratory.
No eating or drinking in the laboratory.
Never taste or touch the laboratory chemicals.
Always wash your hands before leaving the laboratory. Wear proper clothingsafety glasses, closed-toed shoes, and
an apron; tie long hair back and remove all jewelry.
Always follow the written directions, and never perform an
unauthorized experiment.
Always add acid to water. This prevents the acid from
spattering.
Contin e
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Continue
Point heating test tubes away from others andyourself, and heat them slowly.Never return unused chemicals to their original
containers. This prevents contamination.
Always use a pipette bulb or a pipetter to transferwhen using a pipette. Never use your mouth.Always use a fume hood when working with toxic
substances. Never inhale fumes directly.
Never use an open flame near flammable liquids.Dispose of chemicals in the designated disposal sitenot in the sink or trash can.
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