Lab Activity 11: Group I
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Transcript of Lab Activity 11: Group I
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Lab Activity 11: Group I
MusclesMartini Chapter 11
Portland Community CollegeBI 231
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Origin and Insertion
• Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue.
• Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.
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Muscles of facial Expression
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frontalis • Frontal belly• Action: Elevates
eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead
• Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
• Insertion: skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
Epicranial Aponeurosis
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Occipitalis
• Occipital belly• Action: Pulls scalp
posteriorly; wrinkles skin on posterior surface of neck
• Origin: Superior nuchal line on occipital bone
• Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotica)
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• Action: Compresses nostrils, dilates nostrils
• Origin: Maxillary bone and cartilage of nose
• Insertion: Bridge of nose
Nasalis
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Orbicularis Oculi • Action: Closes eyelids;
acts during squinting and blinking
• Origin: Medial aspect of bony orbit
• Insertion: skin around eyelids
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Orbicularis Oris • Action: Closes and
purses lips as in speaking, kissing and whistling
• Origin: Maxillary bone; mandible
• Insertion: lips
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• Action: Elevates corner of mouth
• Origin: Zygomatic bone• Insertion: Angle of
mouth
Zygomaticus Major
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Zygomaticus minor• Action: Raises upper
lip.• Origin: Zygomatic
bone• Insertion: Upper lip
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Mentalis
• Action: Protrudes lower lip; wrinkles skin on chin
• Origin: Anterior surface of mandible
• Insertion: skin of chin
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Risorius• Action: Draws corner
of mouth laterally• Origin: fascia of
masseter• Insertion: corner of
mouth
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Muscles of Mastication
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Masseter • Action: Elevates
mandible to close jaw; protrudes mandible
• Origin: Zygomatic arch
• Insertion: lateral surface of the mandibular ramus
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Temporalis • Action: Elevates
and retracts mandible to close jaw
• Origin: Temporal bone
• Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
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SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK
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• Action: Flexion and lateral flexion of neck; rotates head so that face is turned superiorly and to the opposite side.
• Origin: Manubrium; medial third of clavicle
• Insertion: Mastoid process
Sternocleidomastoid
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• Action: Depresses and retracts hyoid bone
• Superior belly• Origin: Clavicle and first rib• Insertion: hyoid bone • Inferior belly• Origin: superior margin of
scapula• Insertion: clavicle and first
rib
Omohyoid
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Thyrohyoid• Action: Depresses
hyoid bone; elevates larynx
• Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx
• Insertion: hyoid bone
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• Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone during swallowing.
• Origin: Manubrium• Insertion: Hyoid bone
Sternohyoid
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Stylohyoid• Action: Elevates and
retracts hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking
• Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
• Insertion: hyoid bone
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• Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth during swallowing and speaking
• Origin: Inferior margin of mandible
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
Mylohyoid
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• Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible
• Origin: inferior margin of mandible
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
DigastricAnterior Belly
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• Action: Moves hyoid bone back
• Origin: mastoid process• Insertion: Hyoid bone
DigastricPosterior Belly
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MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK
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• Action: Laterally flexes of neck
• Elevates rib 1 during forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
• Insertion: 1st rib
ScalenesAnterior
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• Action: Lateral flexion of neck
• Elevates rib 1 during forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
• Insertion: 1st rib
ScalenesMiddle
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• Action: Elevates 2nd rib,
• Elevates rib 2 during forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
• Insertion: 2nd rib
ScalenesPosterior
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• Action: Elevates scapula and inferior rotation of scapula
• Origin: Transverse processes of superior four cervical vertebrae
• Insertion: medial border of scapula near superior angle
Levator Scapula
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• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
• Origin: Ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of vertebrae C7 and T1
• Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Rhomboid Minor
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• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
• Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5.
• Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Rhomboid Major
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Trapezius • Action: Elevate, retracts
and depresses scapula.• Origin: Posterior surface of
occipital bone; ligamentu nuchae; spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.
• Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi • Action: Extension,
adduction and medial rotation of arm
• Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T6-T12; thoracolubar fascia; iliac crest; inferior three ribs
• Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
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• Action: Extension of vertebral column
• Iliocostalis• Spinalis• Longissimus• Origin: Thoracolumbar
fascia; posterior surface of lacrum; iliac crest; spinous processes of T11-T12 and L1-L5.
Erector Spinae
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Erector spinae• Insertion: • Iliocostalis: angles of ribs
and transvers processes of C4-C6
• Longissimus: transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, etc.
• Spinalis: spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
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Inferior Serratus Posterior• Aka: serratus posterior
inferior• Action: Pulls ribs down,
resisting pull of the diaphragm
• Origin: spinous processes of the lower two thoracic and upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion: lower borders of the bottom four ribs
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Splenius• Action: Extension of head
and neck; lateral flexion and rotation of the head and neck
• Origin: Spinous processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone, and transverse processes of superior cervical vertebrae
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• Action: Depresses rib cage during forced expiration
• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib
• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib
Internal Intercostal
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• Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration
• Origin: Inferior border of superior rib
• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib
External Intercostal
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• Action: Holds scapula to chest wall,
• Protraction and superior rotation of scapula
• Origin: External surfaces of ribs 1-8
• Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Serratus Anterior
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• Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs
• Origin: External surfaces of ribs 3-5
• Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis Minor
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Pectoralis Major • Action: Flexes, adducts, and
medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing
• Origin: Medial half of clavicle; sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
• Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove on humerus
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Subscapularis• Action: Adduction and
medial rotation of arm.• Origin: Subscapular
fossa of scapula• Insertion: lesser
tubercle of humerus
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Supraspinatus• Action: Abduction of
arm• Origin: supraspinous
fossa of scapula• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Infraspinatus• Action: Lateral
rotation of arm• Origin: Infraspinous
fossa of scapula• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Teres minor• Action: Lateral
rotation of the arm• Origin: Lateral border
of scapula• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Teres major• Action: Extension,
adduction and medial rotation of arm
• Origin: Scapula, near inferior angle
• Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Deltoid• Action: • Anterior fibers: medial
rotation and flexion of arm
• Middle fibers: abduction of arm
• Posterior fibers: lateral rotation and extension of arm
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Deltoid• Origin: Lateral third of
clavicle; acromion process; spine of scapula
• Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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• Action: Increases volume of thoracic cavity by pulling central tendon inferiorly
• Origin: Xiphoid process and inferior six ribs
• Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
Diaphragm
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
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• Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column
• Origin: Pubic crest; pubic symphysis
• Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Rectus Abdominis
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• Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
• Origin: External surfaces of inferior 8 ribs.
• Insertion: Linea alba; pubic crest; pubic tubercle; iliac crest
External Abdominal Oblique
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• Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
• Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; inguinal ligament
• Insertion: Linea alba; pubic crest; inferior three or four ribs
Internal Abdominal Oblique
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• Action: Compresses abdomen
• Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; costal cartilages of inferior six ribs; iliac crest
• Insertion: linea alba; pubic crest
Transverse Abdominis
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Biceps brachii• Action: Flexion and
supination of forearm; flexion of arm
• Origin: Long head: superior margin of glenoid fossa of scapula
• Short head: coracoid process of scapula
• Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
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Brachialis• Action: Flexion of
forearm• Origin: Anterior
surface of humerus• Insertion: Coronoid
process of ulna
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Coracobrachialis• Action: Flexion and
adduction of arm• Origin: Coracoid
process of scapula• Insertion: Medial
surface of humerus
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Triceps brachii• Action: Extension of forearm;
long head extends and adducts arm
• Origin: Long head: inferior margin of glenoid fossa
• Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus
• Medial head: posterior surface inferior to lateral head
• Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
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Long Head
Lateral Head
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The End