Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.
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Transcript of Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.
![Page 1: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lab #2Periodic Table – Part 1
Chemistry 108
Instructor:Robert Goldman
![Page 2: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Periodic Table
![Page 3: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Elements
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, etc…– Each has its own specific symbol– First letter is capitalized, second is lowercase.
Ex: He for Helium, Li for Lithium What is the difference between Co and CO?
Elements are composed of only one type of atom! Ex: Cl2
MEMORIZE THE NAMES AND SYMBOLS FOR AT LEAST THE FIRST 32 ELEMENTS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE!
![Page 5: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Compounds
Compounds contain more than one type of element (or atom).
CO contains Carbon AND oxygen, and is therefore a compound.
Compounds can be broken down into their elemental parts.
![Page 6: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Subscripts and Coeffecients
2CH3OHCoeffecient Subscript
A coeffecient applies to the whole molecule is preceeds. A subscript applies ONLY to the atom (or atoms in parenthesis) it follows.
![Page 7: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
More on Subscripts and Coeffecients
4CH3(CH2)2CH3
•The coeffecient means there are 4 molecules of CH3(CH2)2CH3 present.
•CH3(CH2)2CH3 the “2” following the part in red indicates there are two CH2s present.
•How many of each element are present in the above?
![Page 8: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
More on Subscripts and Coeffecients
4CH3(CH2)2CH3
In each of the 4 molecules present, there are:
4 carbons: 4CH3(CH2)2CH3
10 hydrogens: 4CH3(CH2)2CH3
Multiply by the coeffecient of 4:
4x4=16 carbons and 10x4=40 hydrogens
![Page 9: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Metals
Shiny in appearance. Generally good conductors of heat and
electricity. Solid at room temperature, with one exception. Monatomic (one atom)
– Ex. Al (aluminum)
![Page 10: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Non-Metals
Not shiny in appearance. Generally not good conductors or heat or
electricity. Mostly brittle solids or gasses at room
temperature. Some are diatomic (two atoms)
– Ex. Cl2 (chlorine)
![Page 11: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Noble Gasses
All gasses at room temperature. Located on the far right of the periodic table. Known for their stability (relatively non-
reactive).
![Page 12: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transition Elements
A group of elements with intermediary properties located between metals and non-metals.
These share characteristics of both groups.
![Page 13: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Information on the Periodic Table
![Page 14: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Atomic Subunits
•Protons (positive charge), weigh 1 amu
•Neutrons (neutral charge), weigh 1 amu
•Electrons (negative charge), 1/1800 amu
![Page 15: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Components of an Element
The “4” is the atomic mass number and the “2” is the atomic number.
The atomic mass the the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
He4
2
![Page 16: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Components of an Isotope
Isotopes elements that vary only in their number of neutrons.
How many protons and neutrons are in each of the above?
Which of the above is HEAVIER?
C14
6C12
6
![Page 17: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ions
Formed when an element gains or loses electrons.
F + e- F-
S + 3e- S-3
Or
K K+ + e-
Ca Ca2+ + 2e-
The above are all monatomic ions.
![Page 18: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Polyatomic Ions
Formed when a compound gains or loses electrons.
Which of these (in red) is an ion?Na+ + Cl- NaCl
or
N + O3- NO3
-
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Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
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Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
![Page 21: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discharge Tube
![Page 22: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Today in lab…
Part 1
Complete Table A from items on the reagent table.
Symbol
Physical State
Color
Metallic Luster
![Page 23: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Today in Lab
Part 2 - Pyrolysis
Obtain two test tubes, fill one 1/3 with table sugar and the other 1/3 with zinc.
Carefully heat over a Bunsen burner (using tongs) and record observations in Table B.
What would you expect for an element vs. a compound?
![Page 24: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Today in Lab
Part 3
Examine the ball-and-stick models. Using the explanation of atom colors in your lab manual, fill in Table C with chemical formulas, etc.
![Page 25: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Today in Lab
Part 4
Look at the discharge tube setup and manipulate the electron stream with a magnet WITHOUT TOUCHING THE APPARATUS.
Diagram the apparatus and make observations in the space provided in your lab handout.
![Page 26: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Today in Lab
Part 5
Complete Table D by filling in the missing information for each atom given.
![Page 27: Lab #2 Periodic Table – Part 1 Chemistry 108 Instructor: Robert Goldman.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649f1e5503460f94c35591/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Don’t forget…
Hand in your lab and lab exercises before leaving today.
Have homework #2 ready to hand in at the beginning of class next week.