LAB 1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving

C++ Programming Lab Manual LAB1

LAB 1Overview of Programming and

Problem Solving

Objectives:

In this lab, you will:

• log in to a computer successfully

• Be able to use Visual C++ editor and C++ compiler to accomplish the following tasks

successfully :

oLoad a file containing a program

oAlter a file containing a program

oSave a file

oPrint a file

oCompile a file

oRun a file

oChange a program and rerun it

oCorrect a program with errors

oEnter and run a program

1 الطبع حقوق جميع للتطوير – إشعاع مركز محفوظة

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oExit the system.

• Examine a C++ program

• Explore how a C++ program is processed

• Be able to discover the error and how to correct it

• learn how to execute a program to print “Welcome to C++” on the screen successfully


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Assignment Cover Sheet Lab 1

Name: ------------------------------------ Student ID: ----------------------------

Section: ------------------------------------ Date: -----------------------------

ActivitiesAssigned

check or list exercise numbersGrade

InLab


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Outlines:

• Lesson 1-1: Introduction to C++

• Lesson 1-2: Introduction to Programming

• Lesson 1-3: The Phases of writing a program

• Lesson 1-4: Introduction to Visual C++ 2008 express Edition

• Lesson 1-5: How to use Visual C++

• Lesson 1-6: How to write your first program

• Lesson 1-7: How to run a program with errors, read the errors and correct them.


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Introduction to C++ Lesson 11

Welcome to C++! We have worked hard to create what we hope be an appropriate text book

to give you a guidance to program by using C++.

C++, an extension of C, was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs as

an enhancement to the C programming language and originally named C with Classes. It was

renamed C++ in 1983.

As one of the most popular programming languages ever created, C++ is widely used in the

software industry. Some of its application domains include systems software, application

software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications,

and entertainment software such as video games. Several groups provide both free and

proprietary C++ compiler software, including the GNU Project, Microsoft, Intel and Borland.

C++ has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably Java.

C++ is also used for hardware design, where design is initially described in C++, then

analyzed, architecturally constrained, and scheduled to create a register transfer level hardware

description language via high-level synthesis.

Introduction to Programming Lesson 12


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_synthesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_description_language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_description_language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_transfer_level

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_design

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borland_C%2B%2B_Builder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_games

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs


Programming is a process of problem solving. Computer programming is the process of

designing, writing, testing, debugging / troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of

computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The purpose of

programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behaviour (customization).

The process of writing source code often requires expertise in many different subjects, including

knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.

The Phases of Writing a Program Lesson 13

Every program need to pass some or all of the following:

• Input: Before a program can operate on data, the data need to be entered by the user.

• Process: To make some calculations and manipulation for the inserted data.

• Output: To show the processed information or any notation on the screen or any proper output device.

Algorithm: A step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite

amount of time.

Example: One of the simplest algorithms is to print “succeed” if the student’s mark is >=50,

and print “failed” if the student’s mark is <50, the algorithm represented in the flowchart below:


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubleshooting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging


Fig1-1: Algorithm example

A typical C++

environment:

1- Editor:

program is created and saved on the disk

2- Preprocessor: process the data

3- Compiler: Compiler creates object code and stores in a disk

4- Linker: Links the object code with the libraries

5- Loader: To load the program in memory

6- CPU: execute the instructions

Introduction to Visual C++ 2008 Lesson 14

Microsoft Visual C++ (often abbreviated as MSVC or VC++) is a commercial integrated

development environment (IDE) product engineered by Microsoft for the C, C++, and C+

+/CLI programming languages. It has tools for developing and debugging C++ code, especially

code written for the Microsoft Windows API , the DirectX API, and the Microsoft .NET

Framework.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_.NET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectX

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_API

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_process

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment


In this lab we are going to use Visual C++ version 2008. Any other versions such as 2005 or

visual studio 6 are acceptable versions.

How to Use Visual C++ Lesson 15

You need to follow the following steps to create your first project:

1. From Start go to All Programs then click on Visual C++2008 Express Edition. Then a screen of C++ software will be opened as Fig1-2.


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Fig1-2: The initial screen of C++ 2008

2. From File click on New then choose Project see Fig1-3. A New Project screen will be shown as Fig1-4.


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Fig1-3: Project command from file menu

Fig1-4: New Project Window


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3. From the (New Project) window that appears, select Win32 Console Application. Then choose a name for your project (As start name it Pro1), then choose a location from Browse button to save it there (As start create a new folder with your id). Then click on Ok. After that a pop up window will appear click on Next. See Fig1-5, 1-6.

Fig1-5: Project Name and Location

4. Another popup window will appear, choose Empty Project. Then, click on Finish.

Fig1-6: A window to choose an empty Project


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Write the name of the

project

Browse a location to the

project


5. To create a new form, you can go to Project from menu bar, then choose new item. Another

way, right click on Source Files, then a popup menu will appear choose Add then choose New

Form. See Fig1-7.

Fig1-7: Right click on the source file

6. Select C++ File and write the name of your form. Look at Fig1-8.

Fig1-8: A new Item Window


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Write the name of the

project

Browse a location to the

project

Choose C++File(.cpp)


7. A new screen will be opened to write the code. This window is the editor window. See Fig1-9.

Fig1-9: The Editor Window

8. Write your code in the code area as below, this code is the general structure of any C++ program. (It’s a program that does nothing).


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Notice that you are ready to write a cod in

Lab1_1.ccp.file

This is the editor area


Fig1-10: A code that do nothing

9. To check that your code is free of errors, go to Build from menu bar and click on Build Solution, to insure that the code does not have any syntax errors or warning. See Fig1-11.

Fig1-11: Build Solution command to check the code

Fig1-12: The Build output screen


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No errors, No warnings in the program


10. To execute the program, click on Start Without Debugging from Debug menu or Press Ctrl+F5. See Fig1-12.

Fig1-13: Executing the code

12. There is no output, because the program does not do anything. See Fig1-13.

Fig1-14: The Output


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How to write your f irst program in C++ Lesson 16

Redo the previous steps to write the following C++ program then save, compile and run it.

What is the output?

Now we will discuss the code shown above in details:

#include <iostream>: Preprocessor directives. This tells the preprocessor to include in the program the contents of the input/output stream header file <iostream>. This file should be included for any C++ program.

using namespace std: To give the program the ability to use cin, cout, or endl.

int main(): main is a function that should be written in every C++ program. C++ program will start executing at this main function. The keyword int means that the main will return an integer value. You could replace it with the word void which means to return nothing. The returning values functions will be discussed later on.

{: The left brace must begin the body of every function.

}: The right brace to end every function.

cout<<”Welcome to C++”<<endl; : a C++ statement, each statement should end with semicolon (; ). cout<< is an order to print on the screen the following “Welcome to C++”. endl means to end the line on the screen.


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#include <iostream> //line1using namespace std; //line2

int main() //line3{ //line4

cout<<"Welcome to C++ "; //line5 return 0; //line6 } //line7


return 0; : end the main function.

General form of a C++ program

Fig1-15: General form of a C++ program


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How to deal with the errors? Lesson 17

You need to read the errors from the output window. If this window was not opened, then go

to View from menu bar and choose Output, or Alt+2.

You need to figure out your errors and try to fix it.

•Compilation errors like:-

oDirective error.

o Int main error

o {} braces error

oSemicolon error

o ( ) parenthesis error

o cout error

o “” double quotation error

• Logical errors( will be explained later)

1. Write this program that has some errors.


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#include <oistream> //line1using namespace std //line2

int main //line3{ //line4

cout>>"Welcome to C++ ; //line5 return ; //line6 { //line7


2. Write the errors that come out from the above program in the provided Error sheet, then

correct them and write the corrections.

InLab Assignment

1. To write a new program:

Write a program to print your name and your id on the paper then on visual C++ 2008

2. To Open and edit an existing file:

Open the saved file from the previous question to print your name, your ID, your address, and your age each in a single line.


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Error sheet Lab1

Name: ---------------------------------- Student ID: -----------------------------

Section: ------------------------------- Date: --------------------------------

# OK Type of Error Corrections

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


20


10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

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# represents the line number in the program.


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LAB 1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving

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Transcript of LAB 1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving