L45 M 71 PowerplantFam

7/28/2019 L45 M 71 PowerplantFam

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Power Plant


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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM2

Power Plant Overview

The Learjet 45 aircraft engines:Two TFE 731-20R-1B turbofan engines

or

Two TFE 731-20AR on 45-056 andsubsequent
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Basic engine Engine fuel and control system

Ignition and starting system

Air system Engine controls

Engine indicating

Exhaust system Oil system


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Basic Engine

Each engine flat-rated

maximum takeoff(MTO) thrust:3,500 lbs

When automaticperformance reserve

(APR) system used,MTO thrust allowable:3,650 lbs


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Basic Engine Components

Main spools and

associatedcomponents:

Two coaxial,

rotating shafts with:

- N1 or low pressure

(LP) spool- N2 or high

pressure (HP)

spool

LP spoolfour-stage,

axial-flow

compressor mountedbehind fan

HP spoolsingle-

stage centrifugal

compressor and

single-stage turbine

FAN BYPASSDUCT

FOUR-STAGELP COMPRESSOR

HPTURBINE

THREE-STAGELP TURBINE

COMBUSTIONCHAMBER

HPCOMPRESSOR

N1 SHAFT

N2 SHAFT


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Basic Engine Components

Gearboxes

Transfer gearbox(TGB):

- 2.5:1 speed

reduction

- Includes

monopole, N2speed sensor

- Drives accessory

gearbox

Accessory gearbox

(AGB):

- Internal drivetrain drives

mounted

accessoriesTRANSFERGEARBOX

ACCESSORYDRIVE

GEARBOX


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Basic Engine ComponentsReduction Gearbox

Reduces fan rpmwith respect to N1

shaft speed

Reduction gearing

features:

- LP shaft couplerdrives sun gear

- Sun gear drives

planetary gears

- Planetary gears

drive ring gear

- Ring geardrives fan

FAN SHAFTSUN GEAR

PLANETARYGEAR

RING GEAR

COUPLER


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Basic Engine Conventional Data

Five major engine modulesFan

Compressor

CombustorThrust/exhaust nozzle

Accessory/transfer gearbox


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Fuel and Control Components

DEEC


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Fuel and Control ComponentsENG CMPTR

switchesEach switch

marked ON, MAN,

and OFF

Controls

respective engine

computer


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Fuel and Control ComponentsDEEC input sensor

required inputs:Total temperature

(TT2) and total

pressure (PT2) at

engine STA 2TEMPSENSINGELEMENT

TEMPERATUREAIR ENTRY

PORT

RAM AIRENTRY PORT

AUXILIARYPORT

PRESSURE

SENSINGPORT

HEATERELEMENT


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required inputs:N2 monopoletracks

teeth AGB drive

shaft spur gear

N2 MONOPOLEAGB DRIVE

SHAFT

SPUR GEARS

TRANSFERGEARBOX


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required inputs:N1 monopole

mounted inside N1

speed gear

N1 MONOPOLE

N1 SPEED GEAR

No. 6 BEARING SUMP


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Fuel and Control ComponentsCAS/CWP engine

fuel messagesL/R FUEL PRESSLOWlow fuelpressure warning

switch, at fuel

inlet of engine

fuel pump,

illuminates

annunciator and

CAS message for

respective engine


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Air System Engine controls

Engine indicating



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Ignition and Starting ComponentsSTART switches:

Momentarily pressingeither switch signals

aft power distribution

panel, which initiatesstart sequence by:

- Closing L/R DC

line contactorto power starterfrom related

generator bus

- Starting respective

fuel pump

- Illuminated ONlegend in the L/R

START switch, as

applicable


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Ignition and Starting ComponentsIGN switches

IGN switches are notused during normal

(auto mode) start,

since DEEC

automatically

controls ignition to

start at 6.8% and

terminate at

45% N2 rpm

During manual start,

respective IGN

switch selected just

above 10% N2 rpm by

momentarily

pressing switch


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Ignition and Starting ComponentsEICAS IGN annunciator

With ignitionactivated (manual or

auto), annunciator

shows on the EICAS

display:

- IGNboth ignitionchannels

operating

normally

- IGNone channeloperating

- IGNneitherchannel operating

Pushing L/R FIREPUSH switchesterminates ignition


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Ignition and Starting ComponentsStarter/generator

Mounts on middledrive pad on AGB

front

During engine

operation, starter

portion of unit

inhibited and

functions as

generator


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Ignition and Starting ComponentsIgnition unit

Each capacitive-resistance type

unit is

independent and

redundant

Uses 10 to 30 VDC

input and delivers

18,000 to 24,000

volts to igniters

in pulses


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Ignition and Starting Operation

Auto modeWith the power lever in IDLE, the START

switch is momentarily selected

DEEC controls engine start automatically: Starter/generator energized

Fuel and ignition initiate

At self-sustaining speedStarter terminates

Ignition terminates


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Manual modeApplicable L/R START switch pressed

Engine motored to 10% N2 rpm

Throttle placed in IDLE

Applicable L/R IGN switch pressed

Operator ensures EICAS display shows

START and IGN, and engine parameters

not exceeded


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Manual modeOperator manually deselects IGN and

START switches at 45% and 50% N2 rpm,

respectively

Operator ensures IGN and START ON

legends, and IGN and START EICASannunciations extinguish


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Engine indicating



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Air System

Bleed air is engine-compressed airextracted for:

Environmental control system (ECS)

Airframe and nacelle anti-ice (A/I) Engine surge control

A dedicated bleed-control system protects

engine against surges


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Engine indicating



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Thrust Control System ComponentsThrottle cable

Throttle cablemechanically

connected to each

throttle lever

Runs aft thru

aircraft bottom to

rotary outputelement box (or

FCU control box)

THROTTLE LEVER THROTTLE

CABLE


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Thrust Control System ComponentsRotary, variable-

differentialtransformers(RVDTs)

Continuously

tracks throttle

lever angles (TLAs)

Converts TLAs intoprimary electrical

signals to

respective DEEC

RVDTs


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ENG SYNC System ComponentsENG SYNC switch

Switch positions:- N1

- N2

- OFF


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APR ComponentsAPR switch

With the switchpressed in, the

APRlegendilluminates and

DEEC on both

engines:

- Performs APR

software

verification

- Checks switch

validity

- Confirms N1/N2speed signal

from both

engines


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APR ComponentsAPR switch

APR circuitry armsthe APR system

and shows the APRindication on the

EICAS DU

On takeoff with

the switch armed,if an engine N2

rpm drops below

15% of the other

engine, the system

raises the engine

N1 rpm 1.7%,

which changes the

APR ON indicatorcolor


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Engine indicating



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Engine Indicating ComponentsDisplay units (DUs)

EICAS, essentiallyan integrated

digital computer

and display

system, normally

uses DU No. 2 for

its display


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Engine Indicating ComponentsDisplay units (DUs)

Backup featuresdisplay some

parameters on

radio management

unit (RMU):

- Page 1

N1 rpm, ITT, oil

pressure

- Page 2N1/N2

rpm, oil

temperature,

fuel flow


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Engine Indicating ComponentsDU display areas:

CAS areaPrimary engine

area

System page area

Bezel menu areaCASENGINE

SYSTEMPAGE

BEZELMENU


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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating

N1 rpm indications


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ITT indications


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N2 indications


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Oil pressureindications


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Oil temperatureindications


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Fuel flowindications


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Throttle detentindications

NAC (nacelle heat)

indications


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REV (thrustreverser)

indications


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MAN (DEEC manualmode) indications

FIRE indications

Start indications


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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS CAS messages


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Engine Indicating ComponentsCrew warning panel

(CWP)


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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS backup

display page No. 1on RMU


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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS backup

display page No. 2on RMU


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Engine indicating



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Exhaust System ComponentsAfterbody assembly

Attached to aftengine flange

Aluminum

construction

Forms major

structural

component of TRActs as main part

of nozzle during

engine forward

thrust operation


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Exhaust System Components


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Exhaust System ComponentsLatch assembly

hydraulicallyoperated,latch/unlatch TRdoors

Latch hooklocks

TR doors in stow

positionLatch monitoring

switches

lock/unlock switches

actuate when

into/out of fully-

locked positionLatch actuator

controls TR door

latch-hook position


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Exhaust System Components

LATCH ASSEMBLY

LATCH HOOK


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Exhaust System ComponentsIsolation valve

Supplies hydraulicfluid to hydraulic

control valve

when activated

by TR electronic

control valve

ISOLATION VALVE


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Exhaust System ComponentsHydraulic control

valveDirects

pressurized fluid

flow to primary

and latch

actuators

Receivesdeploy/stow

commands from

TR electronic

control unit

Mounted on

forward firewall ofouter fan duct


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Exhaust System ComponentsAutomatic throttle-

retard actuatorAutomatically

powered via

hydraulic control

valve

Drives crank to

position lever armLever overrides

any input to

throttle control

system trying to

position the PLA

above idleRetards throttle

control system

to idle

THROTTLE-RETARDACTUATOR


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Exhaust System ComponentsElectronic control

unitDirects hydraulic

pressure thru

associated

hydraulic control

valve

Coordinatesrespective TR

functions


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Exhaust System ComponentsTR levers

Enable crewinput to:

- Deploy/stow

TR doors

- Control reverse

thrust


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Exhaust System MonitoringThrust reverser

related displaysTR related

annunciations

appear on

respective N1 page


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Engine indicating



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Oil System

Main function to lubricate:Engine bearings No. 1 thru 6

Accessory drive gears

Transfer gearbox

Reduction gears in planetary gearbox


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Oil System ComponentsOil filter bypass

valve andimpending bypass(P) switch

Bypass valve opens

if filter clogged

and differential

pressure acrossfilter reaches

35 psi (psi-delta)

P switch provides

signal to DAU if

psi-delta exceeds

24 to 30 psi


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Oil System ComponentsOil pressure switch

and relatedmessages

If pressure

> 50 psi, switch

signals respective

DAU

Signal from DAUsent to CWP and

EICAS illuminates

respective L R OILPRESS LOWmessage


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Oil System ComponentsOil tank servicing

components Sight gage and

filler neck

- On left engine,

crossover pipe

supplies alternate

servicing portwith integral

dipstick


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Questions?


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L45 M 71 PowerplantFam

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