Developing Standards-based Learning Objects by Using

Design DocumentMID 7133

: azmawati.mohd.lazim@gmail.com : Azmawati Mohd Lazim

: 21A4FE60 : wawacrv : wawacrv

Lecturer : Azmawati Binti Mohd Lazim

2

Contents

1. Learning Object Development2. Exploring Learning Objects3. Storyboarding for RLOs and RIOs4. Storyboarding Guidelines & Tips5. Mini-Project6. Authoring Tools for Creating Learning

Objects7. Practical Implementations & Deployment of

Learning Objects8. Roundup

3

What is a learning object?

"The Course" vs. "The Learning Object"◦"The course" --The unit of learning best

understood by traditional educators ◦Internet has emerged as a powerful change

agent for both business and education ◦Internet has encouraged educators and trainers

to reexamine ways in which they create and deliver educational materials

◦Outcome is a shift towards deconstructing the "course" into small pieces of instruction the "Learning Object"

4

Learning Object Organizational Structure

5

Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

6

Learning Object Model

7

Clearly defined, specific and measurable learning outcome (performance objective)

Learning content that prepare learners to master /gain competence of the learning objective stated.

Interactive exercise (s) that provide learnersa chance to practice the skill / knowledge learned.

Assessment or test item to evaluate if learning outcome is achieved.

8

What are learning objects?Smaller units of learning Typically from 2 and 15 minutes of learning

(7+ 2 RIO/ frames)

Self contained Can be used independently of other learning objects

Reusable Same learning object can be used in multiple contexts for multiple purposes

Can be aggregated LOs can be grouped into larger collections of content to create more substantial learning units (lesson, module, course)

Tagged with metadata All LOs are tagged with metadata that describes the LO and allows it to be easily retrieved in a search.

9

Example of Learning Object

10

Example of Learning Object

11

Lo deployed in the LMS

12

Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

Learning Object DevelopmentDr David Merrill’s Component Display Theory

13

Learning Object Hierarchy

14

Structure of learning object

15

RIO Structure

Each RIO has:◦Pretest item(s)◦Content items◦Practice items◦Quiz items

16

Guidelines on Number of Content Items

RIO Type No. of Content Items Required areas

Concept 4 - 10IntroductionDefinitionExample (at least 1)Practice Question(s)

Fact 4 - 9IntroductionAny combination of:Facts - GraphicFacts - ListFacts - TablePractice Question(s)

Procedure 3 - 6IntroductionAny one table:Procedure TableDecision TableCombined TablePractice Question(s)

Process 3 - 5IntroductionAny one table: Staged Table Block Table Cycle ChartPractice Question(s)

Principle 5 - 11IntroductionPrinciple StatementGuidelinesExample(s)Practice Question(s)

17

RIO Packet Cover Sheet

RLO Title:RIO Title:RIO Objective: After completing this

topic, you will be able to …RIO Type: (Concept, Fact, Procedure,

Principle, Process)

18

Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

Process RIO Example - 2Facts – only list the facts that are needed to

explain the process. Example:

Those involved in QA

The QA process involves the following staff:• Development team member• QA Manager• QA Reviewer• Performance Solutions Group member

19

Pros & Cons of LOs

Pros Cons

Production costs

LOs can be maintained & updated separately

Retooling & retraining required

Flexibility More LOs – more flexible for designers

Restricts learner’s scope

Pedagogy Fits in with ISD theories. More discipline for IDs

Can restrict pedagogical approaches. Can’t apply to lengthy materials

End-user costs

Lower costs & increased choice

Significant conversion costs

20

Issues with Learning Objects

2 important issues in learning objects:◦Interoperability◦Reusability

Single most difficult characteristic is granularity – no accepted definition – best one is between 2 and 15 minutes for learning (topic level)

Single most important characteristic is the learning objective in the learning object itself

21

Anatomy of a Learning Object

Centred around a learning objective Content / information supports the

objective and promotes the achievement of the learning outcome

Practice / Feedback ensures mastery

Objective

InstructionalContent

Practiceand Feedback

22

More examples

http://www.kineo.com/demos/mcd_artic_demo/mcd_demo/player.html

http://www.kineo.com/case_studies/fit-for-the-future/main.html

http://www.kineo.com/demos/nikon_d5000/main.html