L11 Doctors without Borders

What do you think are the reasons

that some people decide to become

doctors?

to save lives to make money

to reach a high social statusto help peopleto relieve pain

and suffering

to meet their parents’

expectations

to fulfill their dreams

Para 1

• In 1971, a small group of doctors in

Paris formed an organization.

• Their goal was to provide emergency

medical aid, no matter where it was

needed or who needed it.

為了避免重複，因此省略後面的 no matter 。

• no matter 可以跟 what 、 who 、 where 、 when 、how 、 which 連用 , 表「無論……」 :

• no matter when (= whenever)

• no matter where (= wherever)

• no matter which (=whichever)

• no matter how (=however)

• no matter who (= whoever)

• no matter what (= whatever)

• 這些字詞性的不同： whenever 以及 wherever是複合關係副詞，而 whoever 與 whatever 是複合關係代名詞。例：

複合關係副詞

‧Whenever I take a shower, I sing my favorite song.

‧Wherever you go in a foreign country, don’t forget to bring your passport with you.

複合關係代名詞

‧Whatever troubles me, Mom is always ready to help.

‧Whoever wins the game can have a free trip to Europe

作為動詞wins 的主

詞

作為動詞 troubles 的

主詞

1. 無論天氣多熱， Ray 都穿著緊身牛仔褲。Ray wears his tight jeans, no matter how hot the weather is.

2. 不管你什麼時候來，經理都會在。Whenever you come, you will find the manager in.

3. 那位歌手無論到哪都很受歡迎。The singer is welcomed no matter where he goes.

= no matter when

= however

= wherever

Para 1

• This was the beginning of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), or, in English, Doctors without Borders.

• The philosophy of MSF is that all people have the right to medical care, regardless of race, religion, or nationality.

(1) have the right to + N 有 ( 某事 ) 的權利例：自由國家的人民有發表意見的權利。 In a free country, people have the right to t

heir opinions.(2) have the right to + V 有 ( 做… ) 的權利例：航空公司把我們的行李弄丟了，我們有權要求賠

償。 The airline lost our baggage. We have the right

to ask for compensation.

Para 1

• This was the beginning of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), or, in English, Doctors without Borders.

• The philosophy of MSF is that all people have the right to medical care, regardless of race, religion, or nationality.

• regardless of 意為「不管、不顧」。

例：他不顧危險地爬上了高塔。

Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.

例：她想到最頂尖的大學就讀，不管學費有多貴。不論男女老幼

She wants to go to the best college, regardless of

how much it costs.

Para 1

• Today, according to MSF, the world needs medical doctors who can provide aid to any nation quickly, efficiently, and without political pressure.

Para 2

• MSF began as “a couple of doctors

with a suitcase and a dream.”

介系詞

以……開始

a couple of 當「兩個；一對；兩、三個；一點點」

此處的 couple 為名詞用法

Para 2

• Now it is the largest

nongovernmental organization for

emergency medical relief.

• It has offices in twenty countries and

has provided medical help in eighty-

five countries, including Rwanda,

Chechnya, Kosovo, Liberia,

Afghanistan, and Iraq. including 意為「包含」，相關用法如下：including 介系詞用法——

例： All of us will join the marathon race,

including our homeroom teacher.

Para 2

• MSF sends teams not only to locations that are in the spotlight but also to places where forgotten wars continue to cause suffering. not only ... but also ... 意為

「不但… .. 而且… . 」。要注意的是由 not only ... but

also ... 所連接的結構要一致。

結構要一致！

• not only ... but also ... 若連接主詞時，動詞要與接近的主詞一致。

例： Not only he but also I _____ right

about the matter.

am

• not only ... but also ... 若放在句首連接子句時， not only 後面的子句要倒裝。

例：他不但來，而且也請他的摯友來。

Not only ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , but he

also brought his best friend with him.

did he come

Para 2

• MSF sends teams not only to locations t

hat are in the spotlight but also to place

s where forgotten wars continue to caus

e suffering . where = in which

• be in the spotlight 引人注目；成為關注焦點

= be under the spotlight

例：那名政府官員充滿爭議性的言論 (controversial statements) ，讓他再次成為大眾注目的焦點。

• The government official is again in the spotlight for his controversial statements.

• turn the spotlight on sth. 把焦點放在某事上面

例：氣候的改變 (S.) 讓 (V. has let) 科學家(O.) 將焦點轉向全球暖化 (O.C.) 。

• Climate change has led scientists to turn the spotlight on global warming.

Para 3

• Because so much of MSF’s work is done in dangerous locations, it takes great bravery to be an MSF worker.

Para 3

• MSF workers have been shot at , wounded, kidnapped, and killed.

• They have also been infected with the

diseases that they were trying to fight .

介系詞不可省

• laugh at

• speak of

• take care of

• make a fool of

Para 4

• All of MSF’s international workers are volunteers.

• Only a small number of the volunteers are doctors.

• “a number of…” [ 一些…… ]

• “a great (large/good) number of…”

[ 許多…… ]

• “a small number of…” [ 少數的…… ]注意：以上片語後要接複數名詞，找複數動詞！

例 1 ： Only a small number of the students were girls.

例 2 ： A large number of tourists poured in during the tourist season.

*** 注意 ***

the number of … […… 的數量 ] ，後加複數名詞，但視為主詞三單，找單數動詞。

例： The number of victims of the plane crash was estimated at over 200.

Para 4

• Most volunteers serve as nurses, medical technicians, sanitation engineers, and administrators.

[ 擔任……職務 ]

Para 4

• Although the volunteers are paid only

a small amount to cover their cost of living, they are rewarded in many other ways.

• “an amount of…” [ 一些…… ]

• “a small/large amount of…” [ 少量 / 大量的…… ]

• 例： The room contained a large amount of furniture( 不可數名詞 ).

注意：以上片語後要接不可數名詞！

Para 4

• Although the volunteers are paid only

a small amount to cover their cost of living, they are rewarded in many other ways. v.( 用金錢 ) 足

以給付……

• 例： Jack is paid very little for the odd jobs he does—barely enough to cover his cost of living.

• One doctor said that practicing

medicine at a refugee camp was like

getting a hands-on lesson in the

history of medicine, far away from

his everyday experiences in a

modern medical center.

(a)medicine 當 [ 醫學 ] 解： practice medicine [ 行醫 ] study medicine [ 讀醫 ](b)medicine 當 [ 藥 ] 解： a prescription medicine [ 處方藥 ]

•far (away) from 離……很遠；一點也不

【補充】 far from it 一點也不

【範例】 Living so far from school means I have to spend two hours a day on the bus.

[住在離學校這麼遠的地方，表示我每天得花兩個鐘頭搭公車。 ]

•Far from seeming angry, Ted didn’t mind the practical joke his friends played on him.

[泰德一點沒有生氣的樣子，他根本沒把朋友對他的惡作劇放在心上。 ]

•You think I care about her opinion of me? Far from it!

[ 你以為我會介意她對我的看法？一點也不！ ]

• One doctor said that practicing

medicine at a refugee camp was like

getting a hands-on lesson in the

history of medicine, far away from

his everyday experiences in a

modern medical center.

(a)medicine 當 [ 醫學 ] 解： practice medicine [ 行醫 ] study medicine [ 讀醫 ](b)medicine 當 [ 藥 ] 解： a prescription medicine [ 處方藥 ]

【 Your Turn】

[ 我在工作場所中真正經歷到的，與在學校所學的大不相同。 ]

•What I actually experienced in the workplace is very what I learned in school.

far from

• Another volunteer summed up her work this way: “It’s a life-changing experience.”

總結

= an experience that can change one’s life

Para 5

MSF is best known for its rapid response

in times of crisis. When a medical

emergency occurs, MSF sends in an

advance team to find out what kind of

help is needed.

be best known for [ 以……最為出名 ][達文西最有名的一幅畫作就是《蒙娜麗莎的微笑》。 ]

Leonardo da Vinci is best known for a painting called Mona Lisa.

in times of … [ 在……的時候 ]

• This team arranges transportation, often to remote areas.

• Teams may travel by jeep, boat, helicopter, or even on foot.

• The advance team then contacts one of its four regional centers, located in Europe, East Africa, Central America, and East Asia.

• The center organizes teams of volunteers and sends kits of supplies and equipment. = ... which are located in…

• The membership of the team and the

contents of the kits depend on the

type of emergency. 成套的工具；工具箱

• For example, in a war or natural disaster, MSF sends in medical teams with emergency-room experience and fully equipped surgical tents, electrical generators, medicine, food, and clean water.

Para 6

• Another important function of MSF is

to educate people in developed

nations about worldwide medical

problems.

• Every year, the group publishes a list called the Top Ten Underreported Humanitarian Stories about wars and disasters that receive little attention from the international media.

= which is called…

• MSF also educates people in

developing countries about infectious

diseases, such as sleeping sickness,

malaria, and tuberculosis.

• In addition, MSF highlights the lack of

important drugs in poor nations.

• MSF points out that fourteen million

people die each year from tropical

diseases.

• However, out of 1,393 new drugs developed since 1975, only about 1% were targeted at these diseases.

從……之中

•nine cases out of ten 十之八九

•one out of ten 十分之一

[ 在這個村莊裡，十個家庭中有九個是以捕魚為生。 ]

•Nine out of ten families in the village earn a living by fishing.

[調查發現每五家電腦用品店，就有三家在販賣盜版軟體。 ]

• The investigation found that three out of five computer stores sold pirated software.

• In 1999, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded MSF the Peace Prize for its “pioneering humanitarian work on several continents.” This prize is usually given to individuals; only four organizations have received it. James Orbinskil, president of MSF at the time, said that medical aid should not be tied to wars or politics, but only to the dignity of people. He went on to say, “An organization like this shows how much can be accomplished with simple and affordable methods.”